scholarly journals Improvement of PLLA Ductility by Blending with PVDF: Localization of Compatibilizers at Interface and Its Glycidyl Methacrylate Content Dependency

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1846
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Gu ◽  
Chunjun Ni ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Yongjin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
High Ductility ◽  
Precise Localization ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Immiscible Blend ◽  
Graft Density ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Reactive Compatibilizer

In this work, the localization of reactive compatibilizer (RC, containing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) backbone with randomly distributed glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on it) at the polyvinylidene fluoride/poly(l-lactic acid) (PVDF/PLLA) interface has been manipulated by means of GMA contents. At the very beginning of mixing, RC tends to stay in the PVDF phase due to the miscibility between PVDF and PMMA. Upon further shearing, more and more PLLA chains have been grafted on PMMA backbone, producing PLLA–g–PMMA copolymer. The balanced stress on two sides accounts for the localization of compatibilizers at the PVDF/PLLA interface. Finally, the stress of the PLLA side has been enhanced remarkably due to the higher graft density of PLLA, resulting in the enrichment of the copolymer in the PLLA matrix. The migration of RC from the PVDF phase to the immiscible interface and PLLA matrix can be accelerated by employing RC with higher GMA content. Furthermore, the compatibilizer localization produces a significant influence on the morphology and ductility of the PVDF/PLLA blend. Only when the compatibilizers precisely localize at the interface, the blend exhibits the smallest domain and highest elongation at break. Our results are of great significance for not only the fabrication of PLLA with high ductility, but also the precise localization of compatibilizers at the interface of the immiscible blend.

Reactive compatibilization of poly(lactic acid)/polyethylene octene copolymer blends with ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Cheng Pai ◽  
Hou-Hsein Chu ◽  
Sun-Mou Lai
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A melt blending process was used to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/metallocene catalyzed polyethylene octene copolymer (POE) blends in order to toughen PLA. A commercialized ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EGMA) was applied as a compatibilizer to improve the dispersion and interaction of dispersed POE to the PLA matrix. The results showed that chemical interaction seems to be the driving force for reinforcing the compatibility between PLA and POE, and also the dispersion of POE into the PLA matrix domain. With the incorporation of 10 phr EGMA in the blends, POE was well-dispersed at a sub-micrometer scale within the PLA matrix, indicating better interfacial compatibility between PLA and POE. The impact strength test revealed that POE could significantly toughen PLA containing EGMA in the blends, up to no-break level regarding unnotched Izod impact strength at 10 phr EGMA content. With the increase of EGMA content, the blends showed lower tensile strength, but higher elongation at break due to the elastomeric characteristics of EGMA. When 10 phr of the EGMA was incorporated into the blends, its elongation at break reached 54.5%, 10.7 times that of neat PLA at 5.1%. The melt viscosity of compatibilized blends containing 10 phr EGMA increased by more than 50% in comparison with the non-compatibilized blend, which implied a good interfacial interaction between the PLA and POE interface.

Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Sujaree Tachaphiboonsap ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blending Method

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend and thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend were prepared by melt blending method. PLA grafted with maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of the blends. As TPS was incorporated into PLA, elongation at break was increased while tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength were decreased. Tensile properties and impact properties of TPS/PLA blend were improved with adding PLA-g-MA indicating the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between PLA and TPS. With increasing PBAT content, elongation at break and impact strength of TPS/PLA blends were improved. The addition of TPS decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm) of PLA. Tgand Tcof TPS/PLA blend were decreased by incorporating PLA-g-MA. However, the presence of PBAT reduced Tcof TPS/PLA blend. Thermal properties of TPS/PLA/PBAT blends did not change with increasing PBAT content. SEM micrographs revealed that the compatibilized TPS/PLA blends exhibited finer morphology when compared to the uncompatibilized TPS/PLA blend.

Tensile and water absorption properties of solvent cast biofilms of sugarcane leaves fibre-filled poly(lactic) acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhananthan Nanthakumar ◽  
Chan Ming Yeng ◽  
Koay Seong Chun
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

This research covers the preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/sugarcane leaves fibre (SLF) biofilms via a solvent-casting method. The results showed that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. Nevertheless, the elongation at break showed an opposite trend as compared to tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms. Moreover, water absorption properties of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. In contrast, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms were enhanced after bleaching treatment with hydrogen peroxide on SLF, but the elongation at break and water absorption properties of bleached biofilms were reduced due to the improvement of filler–matrix adhesion in biofilms. The tensile and water properties were further discussed using B-factor and Fick’s law, respectively. Furthermore, the functional groups of unbleached and bleached SLF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis.

scholarly journals Impact Toughness and Ductility Enhancement of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends via Addition of Glycidyl Methacrylate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Kit Chee ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Norhazlin Zainuddin ◽  
Mohd Faizal Abd Rahman ◽  
Buong Woei Chieng
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
The Impact

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends were prepared via melt blending technique. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was added as reactive compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between immiscible phases of PLA and PCL matrices. Tensile test revealed that optimum in elongation at break of approximately 327% achieved when GMA loading was up to 3wt%. Slight drop in tensile strength and tensile modulus at optimum ratio suggested that the blends were tuned to be deformable. Flexural studies showed slight drop in flexural strength and modulus when GMA wt% increases as a result of improved flexibility by finer dispersion of PCL in PLA matrix. Besides, incorporation of GMA in the blends remarkably improved the impact strength. Highest impact strength was achieved (160% compared to pure PLA/PCL blend) when GMA loading was up to 3 wt%. SEM analysis revealed improved interfacial adhesion between PLA/PCL blends in the presence of GMA. Finer dispersion and smooth surface of the specimens were noted as GMA loading increases, indicating that addition of GMA eventually improved the interfacial compatibility of the nonmiscible blend.

Effects of walnut shell powders on the morphology and the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1383-1395
Author(s):  
Hongjuan Zheng ◽  
Zhengqian Sun ◽  
Hongjuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Property Testing ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Heat Distortion Temperature ◽  
Testing Techniques

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has good environmental compatibility, however, its high brittleness, slow rate of crystallization, and low heat distortion temperature restrict its widespread use. To overcome these limitations, in this study, PLA was mixed with walnut shell (WS) powders. The effects of WS powders on the morphology and the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA were investigated. The products were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and various mechanical property testing techniques. The results showed that WS powders had a significant effect on the morphology and the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA. The tensile strength, impact strength, and elongation at break of the PLA/WS composites first increased and then decreased with the increasing addition of WS powders. When the addition of WS powders was about 0.5 wt%, they reached maximum values of 51.2 MPa, 23.3 MPa, and 19.0%, respectively. Compared with neat PLA, the spherulite grain size of the composites could be reduced and many irregular polygons were formed during crystallization. The melting, cold crystallization, and glass-transition temperatures of the composites were lower than those of neat PLA.

scholarly journals Design, Preparation, and Evaluation of a Novel Elastomer with Bio-Based Diethyl Itaconate Aiming at High-Temperature Oil Resistance

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1897
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Haijun Ji ◽  
Xinxin Zhou ◽  
Weiwei Lei ◽  
Liqun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Monomer Ratio ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

A novel elastomer poly(diethyl itaconate-co-butyl acrylate-co-ethyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PDEBEG) was designed and synthesized by redox emulsion polymerization based on bio-based diethyl itaconate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate. The PDEBEG has a number average molecular weight of more than 200,000 and the yield is up to 96%. It is easy to control the glass transition temperature of the PDEBEG, which is ranged from −25.2 to −0.8 °C, by adjusting the monomer ratio. We prepared PDEBEG/CB composites by mixing PDEBEG with carbon black N330 and studied the oil resistance of the composites. The results show that the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the composites with 10 wt% diethyl itaconate can reach up to 14.5 MPa and 305%, respectively. The mechanical properties and high-temperature oil resistance of the composites are superior to that of the commercially available acrylate rubber AR72LS.

scholarly journals Investigation on compatibility of PLA/PBAT blends modified by epoxy-terminated branched polymers through chemical micro-crosslinking

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yujuan Jin ◽  
Kai’er Kang ◽  
Nan Yang ◽  
Yunxuan Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Branched Polymers ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this study, a type of epoxy-terminated branched polymer (ETBP) was used as an interface compati- bilizer to modify the poly lactic acid (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) (70/30) blends. Upon addition of ETBP, the difference in glass transition temperature between PLA and PBAT became smaller. By adding 3.0 phr of ETBP, the elongation at break of the PLA/PBAT blends was found increased from 45.8% to 272.0%; the impact strength increased from 26.2 kJ·m−2 to 45.3 kJ·m−2. In SEM analysis, it was observed that the size of the dispersed PBAT particle decreased with the increasing of ETBP content. These results indicated that the compatibility between PLA and PBAT can be effectively enhanced by using ETBP as the modifier. The modification mechanism was discussed in detail. It proposes that both physical and chemical micro-crosslinking were formed, the latter of which was confirmed by gel content analysis.

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