scholarly journals Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1795
Author(s):  
Juliana M. Jardim ◽  
Peter W. Hart ◽  
Lucian Lucia ◽  
Hasan Jameel
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Softwood Kraft Lignin ◽  
Structure Properties

Lignin is an abundant, renewable, and relatively cheap biobased feedstock that has potential in energy, chemicals, and materials. Kraft lignin, more specifically, has been used for more than 100 years as a self-sustaining energy feedstock for industry after which it has finally reached more widespread commercial appeal. Unfortunately, hardwood kraft lignin (HWKL) has been neglected over these years when compared to softwood kraft lignin (SWKL). Therefore, the present work summarizes and critically reviews the research and development (R&D) dealing specifically with HWKL. It will also cover methods for HWKL extraction from black liquor, as well as its structure, properties, fractionation, and modification. Finally, it will reveal several interesting opportunities for HWKL that include dispersants, adsorbents, antioxidants, aromatic compounds (chemicals), and additives in briquettes, pellets, hydrogels, carbon fibers and polymer blends and composites. HWKL shows great potential for all these applications, however more R&D is needed to make its utilization economically feasible and reach the levels in the commercial lignin market commensurate with SWKL. The motivation for this critical review is to galvanize further studies, especially increased understandings in the field of HWKL, and hence amplify much greater utilization.

Carbon fibers from dry-spinning of acetylated softwood kraft lignin

Carbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Amod A. Ogale
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Dry Spinning ◽  
Softwood Kraft Lignin

Effect of plasticizers and polymer blends for processing softwood kraft lignin as carbon fiber precursors

Cellulose ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ayoub ◽  
Trevor Treasure ◽  
Luke Hansen ◽  
Tiina Nypelö ◽  
Hasan Jameel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Softwood Kraft Lignin

scholarly journals Influence of the carbonization temperature on the properties of carbon fibers based on technical softwood kraft lignin blends

Carbon Trends ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100094
Author(s):  
Christina Enengl ◽  
Alexander Lumetzberger ◽  
Jiri Duchoslav ◽  
Cezarina C. Mardare ◽  
Leon Ploszczanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Softwood Kraft Lignin

Pilot-scale combustion studies with kraft lignin in a powder burner and a CFB boiler

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKLAS BERGLIN ◽  
PER TOMANI ◽  
HASSAN SALMAN ◽  
SOLVIE HERSTAD SVÄRD ◽  
LARS-ERIK ÅMAND
Keyword(s):  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Cfb Boiler ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Processes have been developed to produce a solid biofuel with high energy density and low ash content from kraft lignin precipitated from black liquor. Pilot-scale tests of the lignin biofuel were carried out with a 150 kW powder burner and a 12 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. Lignin powder could be fired in a powder burner with good combustion performance after some trimming of the air flows to reduce swirl. Lignin dried to 10% moisture content was easy to feed smoothly and had less bridging tendencies in the feeding system than did wood/bark powder. In the CFB boiler, lignin was easily handled and cofired together with bark. Although the filter cake was broken into smaller pieces and fines, the combustion was not disturbed. When cofiring lignin with bark, the sulfur emission increased compared with bark firing only, but most of the sulfur was captured by calcium in the bark ash. Conventional sulfur capture also occurred with addition of limestone to the bed. The sulfur content in the lignin had a significantly positive effect on reducing the alkali chloride content in the deposits, thus reducing the high temperature corrosion risk.

Kraft lignin-based piezoresistive sensors: Effect of chemical structure on the microstructure of ultrathin carbon fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 730-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichao Wang ◽  
Mugaanire Tendo Innocent ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Hengxue Xiang ◽  
Jianguo Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors

scholarly journals Composite Materials and Their Fiber Reinforcement Technology in Aerospace Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforcement ◽  
Space Structures ◽  
Advanced Composite ◽  
Advanced Composite Materials ◽  
Composites Materials ◽  
Definition Of

The need to reduce the overall weight of aeronautical and space structures while preserving or even improving their performances make the research and development in the field of advanced composite materials necessary for the advancement of aerospace technologies. This paper provides an overview of composite materials and their fiber reinforcement technology in aerospace field. We discuss the reasons for aircraft manufacturers and airlines to use composites and illustrate the definition of composite material. Then, we list the advantages and disadvantage of composite materials and cite different fiber reinforcement technologies of carbon fibers, aramid fiber, UHMWPE, etc. At last, we summarize the present and future applications of composites materials in aerospace and other civil fields. A conclusion is drawn that in the future, composite materials are set for their development, while continually decreasing its costs is still an important task.

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