scholarly journals Acrylic Bone Cements Modified with Graphene Oxide: Mechanical, Physical, and Antibacterial Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata ◽  
Lina Marcela Ruiz Rojas ◽  
José Herminsul Mina Hernández ◽  
Johannes Delgado-Ospina ◽  
Carlos David Grande Tovar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Total Joint Replacements

Bacterial infections are a common complication after total joint replacements (TJRs), the treatment of which is usually based on the application of antibiotic-loaded cements; however, owing to the increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, the possibility of studying new antibacterial agents in acrylic bone cements (ABCs) is open. In this study, the antibacterial effect of formulations of ABCs loaded with graphene oxide (GO) between 0 and 0.5 wt.% was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative ones: Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. It was found that the effect of GO was dependent on the concentration and type of bacteria: GO loadings ≥0.2 wt.% presented total inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria, while GO loadings ≥0.3 wt.% was necessary to achieve the same effect with Gram-positives bacteria. Additionally, the evaluation of some physical and mechanical properties showed that the presence of GO in cement formulations increased wettability by 17%, reduced maximum temperature during polymerization by 19%, increased setting time by 40%, and increased compressive and flexural mechanical properties by up to 17%, all of which are desirable behaviors in ABCs. The formulation of ABC loading with 0.3 wt.% GO showed great potential for use as a bone cement with antibacterial properties.

scholarly journals Optimization of Mechanical and Setting Properties in Acrylic Bone Cements Added with Graphene Oxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5185
Author(s):  
Lina Marcela Ruiz Rojas ◽  
Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata ◽  
Marisol Gordillo Suarez ◽  
Rigoberto Advincula ◽  
Carlos David Grande-Tovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate Polymerization ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
First Time

The extended use of acrylic bone cements (ABC) in orthopedics presents some disadvantages related to the generation of high temperatures during methyl methacrylate polymerization, thermal tissue necrosis, and low mechanical properties. Both weaknesses cause an increase in costs for the health system and a decrease in the patient’s quality of life due to the prosthesis’s loosening. Materials such as graphene oxide (GO) have a reinforcing effect on ABC’s mechanical and setting properties. This article shows for the first time the interactions present between the factors sonication time and GO percentage in the liquid phase, together with the percentage of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in the solid phase, on the mechanical and setting properties established for cements in the ISO 5833-02 standard. Optimization of the factors using a completely randomized experimental design with a factorial structure resulted in selecting nine combinations that presented an increase in compression, flexion, and the setting time and decreased the maximum temperature reached during the polymerization. All of these characteristics are desirable for improving the clinical performance of cement. Those containing 0.3 wt.% of GO were highlighted from the selected formulations because all the possible combinations of the studied factors generate desirable properties for the ABC.

scholarly journals Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement at Low Temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Hongliang Zhang ◽  
Yang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Hydration Degree ◽  
Time Test

Low temperature negatively affects the engineering performance of cementitious materials and hinders the construction productivity. Previous studies have already demonstrated that TiO2 nanoparticles can accelerate cement hydration and enhance the strength development of cementitious materials at room temperature. However, the performance of cementitious materials containing TiO2 nanoparticles at low temperatures is still unknown. In this study, specimens were prepared through the replacement of cement with 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 5 wt.% TiO2 nanoparticles and cured under temperatures of 0°C, 5°C, 10°C, and 20°C for specific ages. Physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were evaluated through the setting time test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test, hydration degree test, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to examine the performance of cementitious materials with and without TiO2 nanoparticles at various curing temperatures. It was found that low temperature delayed the process of cement hydration while TiO2 nanoparticles had a positive effect on accelerating the cement hydration and reducing the setting time in terms of the results of the setting time test, hydration degree test, and strength test, and the specimen with the addition of 2 wt.% TiO2 nanoparticles showed the superior performance. Refined pore structure in the MIP tests, more mass loss of CH in TGA, intense peak appearance associated with the hydration products in XRD analysis, and denser microstructure in SEM demonstrated that the specimen with 2 wt.% TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited preferable physical and mechanical properties compared with that without TiO2 nanoparticles under various curing temperatures.

scholarly journals Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cements Containing Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide: An Overview of Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari ◽  
Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad ◽  
Saeed Karbasi ◽  
Mohamadreza Tavakoli ◽  
Mahmood Razzaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Bone Fixation ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Carbon Based

Every year, millions of people in the world get bone diseases and need orthopedic surgery as one of the most important treatments. Owing to their superior properties, such as acceptable biocompatibility and providing great primary bone fixation with the implant, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cements (BCs) are among the essential materials as fixation implants in different orthopedic and trauma surgeries. On the other hand, these BCs have some disadvantages, including Lack of bone formation and bioactivity, and low mechanical properties, which can lead to bone cement (BC) failure. Hence, plenty of studies have been concentrating on eliminating BC failures by using different kinds of ceramics and polymers for reinforcement and also by producing composite materials. This review article aims to evaluate mechanical properties, self-setting characteristics, biocompatibility, and bioactivity of the PMMA-based BCs composites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and carbon-based compounds. In the present study, we compared the effects of CNTs and GO as reinforcement agents in the PMMA-based BCs. Upcoming study on the PMMA-based BCs should concentrate on trialing combinations of these carbon-based reinforcing agents as this might improve beneficial characteristics.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Temporary Restorative Material Containing Antibacterial Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Amanda Mahammad Mushashe ◽  
Carla Castiglia Gonzaga ◽  
Paulo Henrique Tomazinho ◽  
Leonardo Fernandes da Cunha ◽  
Denise Piotto Leonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. For the maintenance of the aseptic chain created during the treatment the coronal sealing becomes paramount. Aim. Evaluating the antibacterial effect and the physical-mechanical properties of a temporary restorative material containing different antibacterial agents. Material and Methods. Two antibacterial agents (triclosan and chloramine T) were manually added to a temporary restorative material used as base (Coltosol). The antibacterial action of the material was analyzed using the agar diffusion method, in pure cultures of Escherichia coli (ATCC BAA-2336) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11632) and mixed culture of saliva collection. The microleakage rate was analyzed using bovine teeth, previously restored with the materials, and submitted to thermocycling, in a solution of 0.5% methylene blue, for a period of 24 hours. The physical and mechanical properties of the materials analyzed were setting time, water sorption, solubility, and compression strength. Results. No marginal leakage was observed for all groups. There was no statistical significant difference in antimicrobial activity, setting time, water sorption, solubility, and compression strength among the materials. Conclusion. The addition of antibacterial agents on a temporary restorative material did not optimize the antibacterial ability of the material and also did not change its physical-mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Effect of fly ash on physical and mechanical properties of mortar

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Vu-An Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Control Specimen

This research investigates the physical and mechanical properties of mortar incorporating fly ash (FA), which is by-product of Duyen Hai thermal power plant. Six mixtures of mortar are produced with FA at level of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (by volume) as cement replacement and at water-to-binder (W/B) of 0.5. The flow, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption tests are made under relevant standard in this study. The results have shown that the higher FA content increases the flow of mortar but significantly decreases the density of mixtures. The water absorption and setting time increases as the samples incorporating FA. Compressive strength of specimen with 10% FA is approximately equal to control specimen at the 91-day age. The flexural strength of specimen ranges from 7.97 MPa to 8.94 MPa at the 91-day age with the best result for samples containing 10% and 20% FA.

scholarly journals Effect of graphene oxide nanoparticle coatings on the strength of packaging paper and its barrier and antibacterial properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliheh Akhtari ◽  
Mohammadreza Dehghani-Firouzabadi ◽  
Meysam Aliabadi ◽  
Mehdi Arefkhani
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Turbidity Method ◽  
Packaging Paper

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of graphene oxide nanoparticles in paper coating formulations in order to improve the antibacterial, physical and mechanical properties of paperboard. The paper was coated with graphene oxide nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm together with 5% cationic starch (dry weight) as a retention aid and for better coverage and more homogeneous positioning of nanographene oxide particles on the surface of the paper. The paper surface coated with nanographene oxide particles and starch was characterised using ATR-FTIR and SEM. The antibacterial assay was performed according to the Turbidity Method. For the antibacterial tests of paper sheets, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria respectively. The results showed that UV adsorption was reduced, with the largest reduction obtained when using nanographene oxide particles at 200 ppm. Turbidity in the samples including S. aureus was also lower. The growth rates of S. aureus bacterium in the control and the paper specimens coated with 200 ppm nanographene oxide were 89% and 24%, respectively. The density and thickness of the paper sheets increased in the paper coated with cationic starch and nanoparticles in comparison with uncoated paper. The nanoparticles had no significant effect on the thickness of coated papers. The addition of nanographene oxide particles improved the resistance to air and barrier properties of paper sheets. The burst and tear indexes increased for the paper coated with starch and nanographene oxide particles.

scholarly journals Self-Compacting Concrete and Concreting Technology for Foundation Block Using 9000 Cubic Meters of Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
E. I. Batyanovskiy ◽  
A. I. Bondarovich ◽  
N. N. Kalinovskaya ◽  
P. V. Ryabchikov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Foundation Slab ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Structure Height

. The paper presents the results of the development and implementation of the technology of self-compacting heavy structural concrete and the technology of concreting with its use of the largest foundation slab in Belarus (concrete volume ~9100 m3) of a high-rise building at the facility “Construction of a multifunctional complex in Minsk within the boundaries of Filimonova Street – Avenue Nezavisimosty – Makayonka Street”. The results of research are shown, which ensured the production of self-compacting concrete of class C35/45 with water resistance up to W20 (with the required W12 according to the project) from concrete mixtures of the maximum cone expansion of the PK6 (RK6) grade for three zones of the foundation slab different in degree of reinforcement: lower, middle and upper, with a total structure height of 3.5 m and plan dimensions ~(83´34) m. The technology of continuous (seamless) concreting has been developed and implemented, which made it possible to lay ~9100 m3 of concrete into the structure without defects within 42 hours of continuous operation, and a system of technological measures that prevented temperature cracking in concrete. The homogeneity of the physical and mechanical properties of concrete, confirmed by control tests, is ensured due to the uniform supply of the concrete mixture (from six  concrete pumps at the same time) in layers 200–300 mm high with a distance between the supply points of about 5–6 m and the vertical arrangement of the “trunks” of the concrete pipes during delivery of concrete to each point, as well as the fact that the time for feeding the next volume of concrete was significantly less than the setting time of the previously laid concrete (with a total concreting speed £0.1 m/h). Standardized and original test methods for concrete mixtures, hardening kinetics and properties of hardened concrete have been used during the development, research and implementation of the project. Control tests of physical and mechanical properties and characteristics of concrete, carried out at BNTU together with authorized  organizations controlling the progress of construction, as well as in independent (third-party) organizations, have confirmed their compliance with the design requirements.

scholarly journals The Effect of Addition of Triclosan Antibacterial Agent on The Setting Time of Glass Ionomer Cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Egi Utia Asih ◽  
Martha Mozartha ◽  
Billy Sujatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Ionomer Cement

Glass ionomer cement (GIC), restorative material in dentistry, are composed of glass powders and polyacrylic acid. GIC can release fluoride that acts as an antibacterial. Various study had been conducted to improve that antibacterial properties, but it can affect the physical and mechanical properties of GIC. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of addition of triclosan antibacterial agent on the setting time of GIC. To obtain 2.5 % triclosan, 0,25 gram of triclosan powder was mixed into 9,75 gram of GIC powder. The sample was divided into 2 groups: control group (n=16) and treatment group (n=16). The setting time was measured using gilmore needle, by penetrating a needle to the surface of specimens with an interval of 10 seconds until the needle left no traces on the surface of specimens. Statistical analysis was done byT-test. The result showed that p value > 0,05. The conclusion is the addition of triclosan antibacterial agent do not affect the setting time of GIC

scholarly journals Antibacterial Action of Nanoparticle Loaded Nanocomposites Based on Graphene and Its Derivatives: A Mini-Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Díez-Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties

Bacterial infections constitute a severe problem in various areas of everyday life, causing pain and death, and adding enormous costs to healthcare worldwide. Besides, they cause important concerns in other industries, such as cloth, food packaging, and biomedicine, among others. Despite the intensive efforts of academics and researchers, there is lack of a general solutions to restrict bacterial growth. Among the various approaches, the use of antibacterial nanomaterials is a very promising way to fight the microorganisms due to their high specific surface area and intrinsic or chemically incorporated antibacterial action. Graphene, a 2D carbon-based ultra-thin biocompatible nanomaterial with excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, and its derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are highly suitable candidates for restricting microbial infections. However, the mechanisms of antimicrobial action, their cytotoxicity, and other issues remain unclear. This mini-review provides select examples on the leading advances in the development of antimicrobial nanocomposites incorporating inorganic nanoparticles and graphene or its derivatives, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the antibacterial properties of graphene-based nanomaterials.

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