scholarly journals Injection Molding of Coir Coconut Fiber Reinforced Polyolefin Blends: Mechanical, Viscoelastic, Thermal Behavior and Three-Dimensional Microscopy Study

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Hidalgo-Salazar ◽  
Juan P. Correa-Aguirre ◽  
Serafín García-Navarro ◽  
Luis Roca-Blay
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Polyolefin Blends ◽  
Sustainable Products

In this study, the properties of a polyolefin blend matrix (PP-HDPE) were evaluated and modified through the addition of raw coir coconut fibers-(CCF). PP-HDPE-CCF biocomposites were prepared using melt blending processes with CCF loadings up to 30% (w/w). CCF addition generates an increase of the tensile and flexural modulus up to 78% and 99% compared to PP-HDPE blend. This stiffening effect is caused by a decrease in the polymeric chain mobility due to CCF, the higher mechanical properties of the CCF compared to the polymeric matrix and could be an advantage for some biocomposites applications. Thermal characterizations show that CCF incorporation increases the PP-HDPE thermal stability up to 63 °C, slightly affecting the melting behavior of the PP and HDPE matrix. DMA analysis shows that CCF improves the PP-HDPE blend capacity to absorb higher external loads while exhibiting elastic behavior maintaining its characteristics at higher temperatures. Also, the three-dimensional microscopy study showed that CCF particles enhance the dimensional stability of the PP-HDPE matrix and decrease manufacturing defects as shrinkage in injected specimens. This research opens a feasible opportunity for considering PP-HDPE-CCF biocomposites as alternative materials for the design and manufacturing of sustainable products by injection molding.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Spatial Distribution of Synapses in the Neocortex: A Dual-Beam Electron Microscopy Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Merchán-Pérez ◽  
José-Rodrigo Rodríguez ◽  
Santiago González ◽  
Víctor Robles ◽  
Javier DeFelipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Beam Electron ◽  
Dual Beam

Key Technologies Research on Color Contour Map of 3D Injection Molding Simulation Results

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 1998-2001
Author(s):  
Tie Geng ◽  
Qing Hai Ren ◽  
Wei Qing Tu ◽  
Dan Dan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Field ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Image Rendering ◽  
Color Range ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Injection Molding Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results

According to the color contour map of the 3D injection molding simulation results, the commonly used color contour map drawing algorithm was researched, and a three-dimensional color image rendering algorithm which based on the "physical field values and color range mapping" was given too. And the key technologies of the algorithm which was used to draw 3D color contour map were introduced in detail. In the end, an example was given.

Three-Dimensional Simulation of Co-Injection Molding

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Ilinca ◽  
Jean-François Hétu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Energy Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Core Materials

Abstract This paper presents simulations of co-injection molding problems computed by a three-dimensional finite element method. The polymer melts behave as generalized Newtonian fluids and non-isothermal effects are taken into account. In addition to the momentum, mass and energy equations, we solve two transport equations tracking the polymer/air and skin/core polymers interfaces. Solutions are shown for a center gated rectangular plate. The effect of varying the melt/mold temperature and the ratio between the skin and core materials is investigated. The solution obtained for the same skin and core materials is compared with those in which viscosities of core and skin materials are different. Finally, the solution for the co-injection of a C-shaped plate is presented.

Performance Based Evaluation of Bridge Substructure in North Mississippi Using Nonlinear FEM and Field Vibration Measurement

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris L. Mullen ◽  
Prabin R. Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Vibration Measurements ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Performance Based Evaluation

Abstract Discussion of a Performance - Based Engineering evaluation procedure for an existing interstate highway bridge in north Mississippi. The bridge is in a highly trafficked location near the Memphis Metropolitan area and is reflective of modern design practices in Mississippi. Results are presented of nonlinear damage response and displacement ductility performance of the reinforced concrete bents and their foundations predicted using static finite element (FE) computations. The model considers the composite action of the concrete and the reinforcing steel materials under axial force, shear, torsion and flexure. The performance-based evaluation includes three-dimensional computational simulations of the nonlinear bridge system, including substructures and superstructure. The response spectrum dynamic analysis method will also be carried out on the linear elastic three-dimensional model to predict the linear elastic behavior. Field vibration measurements, including ambient and hammer-impact, were performed to calibrate the models. The computed transfer functions are currently being evaluated to correlate vibration measurements and the Finite element models.

Syntheses, structures and characterization of isomorphous CoII and NiII coordination polymers based on 2-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-6-methyl-1H-benzimidazole and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Ying Huang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xiang-Ru Meng
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Carboxylate Groups ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
The One ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

Careful choice of the organic ligands is one of the most important parameters in the rational design and synthesis of coordination polymers. Aromatic polycarboxylates have been widely used in the preparation of metal–organic polymers since they can utilize various coordination modes to form diverse structures and can act as hydrogen-bond acceptors and donors in the assembly of supramolecular structures. Nitrogen-heterocyclic organic compounds have also been used extensively as ligands for the construction of polymers with interesting structures. In the polymers catena-poly[[[diaquabis{2-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-6-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-κN 3}cobalt(II)]-μ2-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ2 O 1:O 4] dihydrate], {[Co(C8H4O4)(C12H11N4)2(H2O)2]·2H2O} n , (I), and catena-poly[[[diaquabis{2-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-6-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-κN 3}nickel(II)]-μ2-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ2 O 1:O 4] dihydrate], {[Ni(C8H4O4)(C12H11N4)2(H2O)2]·2H2O} n , (II), the CoII or NiII ion lies on an inversion centre and exhibits a slightly distorted octahedral coordination geometry, coordinated by two N atoms from two imidazole rings and four O atoms from two monodentate carboxylate groups and two water molecules. The dicarboxylate ligands bridge metal ions forming a polymeric chain. The 2-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-6-methyl-1H-benzimidazole ligands coordinate to the CoII or NiII centres in monodentate modes through an imidazole N atom and are pendant on opposite sides of the main chain. The two structures are isomorphous. In the crystal, the one-dimensional chains are further connected through O—H...O, O—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, leading to a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. In addition, the IR spectroscopic properties, PXRD patterns, thermogravimetric behaviours and fluorescence properties of both polymers have been investigated.

scholarly journals Synthesis and crystal structure of a 6-chloronicotinate salt of a one-dimensional cationic nickel(II) coordination polymer with 4,4′-bipyridine

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-604
Author(s):  
Nives Politeo ◽  
Mateja Pisačić ◽  
Marijana Đaković ◽  
Vesna Sokol ◽  
Boris-Marko Kukovec
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Sulfate Heptahydrate ◽  
Synthesis And Crystal Structure ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

A 6-chloronicotinate (6-Clnic) salt of a one-dimensional cationic nickel(II) coordination polymer with 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy), namely, catena-poly[[[tetraaquanickel(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2 N:N′] bis(6-chloronicotinate) tetrahydrate], {[Ni(C10H8N2)(H2O)4](C6H3ClNO2)2·4H2O} n or {[Ni(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)4](6-Clnic)2·4H2O} n , (1), was prepared by the reaction of nickel(II) sulfate heptahydrate, 6-chloronicotinic acid and 4,4′-bipyridine in a mixture of water and ethanol. The molecular structure of 1 comprises a one-dimensional polymeric {[Ni(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)4]2+} n cation, two 6-chloronicotinate anions and four water molecules of crystallization per repeating polymeric unit. The nickel(II) ion in the polymeric cation is octahedrally coordinated by four water molecule O atoms and by two 4,4′-bipyridine N atoms in the trans position. The 4,4′-bipyridine ligands act as bridges and, thus, connect the symmetry-related nickel(II) ions into an infinite one-dimensional polymeric chain extending along the b-axis direction. In the extended structure of 1, the polymeric chains of {[Ni(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)4]2+} n , the 6-chloronicotinate anions and the water molecules of crystallization are assembled into an infinite three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network via strong O—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of the representative hydrogen-bonded ring motifs: tetrameric R 2 4(8) and R 4 4(10) loops, a dimeric R 2 2(8) loop and a pentameric R 4 5(16) loop.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of a polymeric calcium levulinate dihydrate:catena-poly[[diaquacalcium]-bis(μ2-4-oxobutanoato)]

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Ananda S. Amarasekara ◽  
Dominique T. Sterling-Wells ◽  
Carlos Ordonez ◽  
Marie-Josiane Ohoueu ◽  
Marina S. Fonari
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Carboxylate Ligands ◽  
Length Range

In the title calcium levulinate complex, [Ca(C5H7O3)2(H2O)2]n, the Ca2+ion lies on a twofold rotation axis and is octacoordinated by two aqua ligands and six O atoms from four symmetry-related carboxylate ligands, giving a distorted square-antiprismatic coordination stereochemistry [Ca—O bond-length range = 2.355 (1)–2.599 (1) Å]. The levulinate ligands act both in a bidentate carboxylO,O′-chelate mode and in a bridging mode through one carboxyl O atom with an inversion-related Ca2+atom, giving a Ca...Ca separation of 4.0326 (7) Å. A coordination polymeric chain structure is generated, extending along thec-axial direction. The coordinating water molecules act as double donors and participate in intra-chain O—H...O hydrogen bonds with carboxyl O atoms, and in inter-chain O—H...O hydrogen bonds with carbonyl O atoms, thus forming an overall three-dimensional structure.

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