scholarly journals Development of ZSM-22/Polyethersulfone Membrane for Effective Salt Rejection

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyiko M. Chauke ◽  
Richard M. Moutloali ◽  
James Ramontja
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Polyethersulfone Membrane ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Pes Membrane

ZSM-22/polyethersulfone membranes were prepared for salt rejection using modelled brackish water. The membranes were fabricated via direct ZSM-22 incorporation into a polymer matrix, thereby inducing the water permeability, hydrophilicity and fouling resistance of the pristine polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. A ZSM-22 zeolite material with a 60 Si/Al ratio, high crystallinity and needle-like morphologies was produced and effectively used as a nanoadditive in the development of ZSM-22/PES membranes with nominal loadings of 0–0.75 wt.%. The characterisation and membrane performance evaluation of the resulting materials with XRD, BET, FTIR, TEM, SEM and contact angle as well as dead-end cell, respectively, showed improved water permeability in comparison with the pristine PES membrane. These ZSM-22/PES membranes were found to be more effective and superior in the processing of modelled brackish water. The salt rejection of the prepared membranes for NaCl and MgCl2 was effective, while they exhibited quite improved water flux and flux recovery ratios in the membrane permeability and anti-fouling test. This indicates that different amounts of ZSM-22 nanoadditives produce widely divergent influences on the performance of the pristine PES membrane. As such, over 55% of salt rejection is observed, which means that the obtained membranes are effective in salt removal from water.

scholarly journals Fabrication of functionalized halloysite nanotube blended ultrafiltration membranes for high flux and fouling resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinyun Park ◽  
Eunmok Yang ◽  
Hosik Park ◽  
Heechul Choi
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Pes Membrane

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were functionalized using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and incorporated into polyethersulfone (PES) membranes to improve the hydrophilicity of the membranes as well as the interfacial interaction between HNTs and the polymer matrix. The intrinsic properties, permeability, and selectivity of the prepared membranes were analyzed to evaluate the membrane performance. In addition, humic acid (HA) fouling experiments were conducted to measure the antifouling properties of the fabricated membranes. As HNTs and functionalized HNTs (f-HNTs) contents are increased, hydrophilicity and mechanical strength were enhanced, and membranes with f-HNTs showed further improved performance. The pure water flux of membranes with 2% HNTs and f-HNT was 7.5 times higher than that of a pristine PES membrane without a trade-off relation between the water flux and HA rejection. The membranes with f-HNTs showed the highest antifouling properties compared to membranes with HNTs because enhanced hydrophilicity played a key role in preventing accumulation of HA.

scholarly journals Membrane pervaporation performance applied for brackish water prepared by vacuum impregnation method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
N Huda ◽  
E Lulu Atika Rampun ◽  
R Ayu Lestari ◽  
Y Raharjo ◽  
D Heri Yuli Yanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Alumina Membrane ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Coating Method

Abstract Coating method and number of membrane layer are crucial factors on membrane performance. Through a vacuum impregnation method allows a sol solution uniformly fill into membrane support and it is required only less solution. The aim of this study is to apply vacuum impregnation method through vacuum calcination and air calcination during fabrication of silica membranes and to investigate the effect of layer variations on silica membranes performance to apply for brackish water. The sol solution was made from TEOS as silane precursor, ethanol and dual catalysts (citric acid + ammonia). Alumina membrane support was coated by vacuum impregnation method and calcined the membrane under air and vacuum condition. From the FTIR result, it indicates that silica membranes calcined in air and vacuum calcination have Si-O-Si and Si-OH. The vacuum impregnation obtained smoother surface membranes. The silica membrane calcined via vacuum calcination performs excellent water fluxes and salt rejection of 22.01 kg.m− 2.h−1 and 98.98 %. If compare to silica membranes calcined in air, the water flux (19.11 kg.m− 2.h−1) and salt rejection (98.75 %). It also found the two layers silica membrane is better than three layers for the membrane performance result.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL CELLULOSE-SODIUM ALGINATE FORWARD OSMOSIS MEMBRANE FOR WATER RECOVERY

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan T. B. Dang ◽  
Liza B. Patacsil ◽  
Aileen H. Orbecido ◽  
Ramon Christian P. Eusebio ◽  
Arnel B. Beltran
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Salt Rejection

Water resources are very important to sustain life. However, these resources have been subjected to stress due to population growth, economic and industrial growth, pollution and climate change. With these, the recovery of water from sources such as wastewater, dirty water, floodwater and seawater is a sustainable alternative. The potential of recovering water from these sources could be done by utilizing forward osmosis, a membrane process that exploits the natural osmotic pressure gradient between solutions which requires low energy operation. This study evaluated the potential of forward osmosis (FO) composite membranes fabricated from bacterial cellulose (BC) and modified with sodium alginate. The membranes were evaluated for water flux and salt rejection. The effect of alginate concentrations and impregnation temperatures were evaluated using 0.6 M sodium chloride solution as feed and 2 M glucose solution as the draw solution. The membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Contact Angle Meter (CAM). The use of sodium alginate in BC membrane showed a thicker membrane (38.3 μm to 67.6 μm), denser structure (shown in the SEM images), and more hydrophilic (contact angle ranges from 28.39° to 32.97°) compared to the pristine BC membrane (thickness = 12.8 μm and contact angle = 66.13°). Furthermore, the alginate modification lowered the water flux of the BC membrane from 9.283 L/m2-h (LMH) to value ranging from 2.314 to 4.797 LMH but the improvement in salt rejection was prominent (up to 98.57%).

Effects of DMSO and glycerol additives on the property of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjing Wu ◽  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Chaktong Au
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Interfacial Free Energy ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Salt Rejection

The polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were prepared through interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol as additives for the formation of thin-film composite (TFC) was investigated. We studied the effect of DMSO and glycerol addition on membrane property and RO performance. Microscopic morphology was examined by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The surface hydrophilicity was characterized on the basis of water contact angle and surface solid–liquid interfacial free energy (−ΔGSL). Water flux and salt rejection ability of the membranes prepared with or without the additives were evaluated by cross-flow RO tests. The results reveal that the addition of DMSO and glycerol strongly influences the property of the TFC RO membrane. Compared to the MPD/TMC membrane fabricated without DMSO and glycerol, the MPD/TMC/DMSO/glycerol membrane has a rougher surface and is more hydrophilic, showing smaller water contact angle and larger −ΔGSL value. Without decrease in salt rejection ability, the MPD/TMC/DMSO/glycerol membrane shows water flux significantly larger than that of the MPD/TMC membrane. The unique property of the MPD/TMC/DMSO/glycerol membrane is attributed to the cooperative effect of DMSO and glycerol on membrane structure during the interfacial polymerization process.

IMPACTS OF HYDROPHILIC NANOFILLERS ON SEPARATION PERFORMANCE OF THIN FILM NANOCOMPOSITE REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Chong ◽  
G. S. Lai ◽  
W. J. Lau ◽  
N. Yusof ◽  
P. S. Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Tfc Membrane ◽  
Thin Film Nanocomposite

The membrane technology is still considered a costly method to produce potable water. In view of this, RO membrane with enhanced water permeability without trade-off in salt rejection is desirable as it could further reduce the cost for water desalination. In this study, thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes containing 0.05 or 0.10 w/v% hydrophilic nanofillers in polyamide layer were synthesized via interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride monomers. The resultant TFN membranes were characterized and compared with a control thin film composite (TFC) membrane. Results from the filtration experiments showed that TFN membranes exhibited higher water permeability, salt rejection and fouling resistance compared to that of the TFC membrane. Excessive amount of nanofillers incorporated in the membrane PA layer however negatively affected the cross-linking in the polymer matrix, thus deteriorating the membrane salt rejection. TFN membrane containing 0.05 w/v% of nanofillers showed better performances than the TFC membrane, recording a pure water flux of 11.2 L/m2∙h, and salt rejection of 95.4%, 97.3% and 97.5% against NaCl, Na2SO4 and MgSO4, respectively. 

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF AN ORGANOSILICA-BASED MEMBRANE FROM TEOS-MTES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DESALINATION OF WETLAND SALINE WATER

Konversi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilis Septyaningrum ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Fitri Ria Mustalifah ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Dewi Puspita Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Wetland Water ◽  
Hot Season

When hot season, South Kalimantan society which especially, in Muara Halyung village frequently go through clean water lacking. It becomes worst by water dirtied on wetland aquifer aftermath the seawater intrusion. Wetland water sources become saline and cannot be used for household needs. Organosilica membrane technology is one of methods can be used to remove salt contain in water. This study aims are to investigate the functionalization and organosilica membrane performance from TEOS-MTES which calcined on particularly temperature for wetland saline water desalination. Synthesis of organosilica sol was conducted by sol-gel method. Then the dried sol was calcined at 350°C and 600 °C, and characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed). Subsequently organosilica membrane was applicated for wetland saline water desalination via pervaporation. The result shows organosilica membrane performance was obtained the water flux 10,55 and 0,87 kg.m-2h-1 which calcined at 350 and 600 °C. The salt rejection in all membrane exhibits extremely high over 99%. It evinces the organosilica membrane from TEOS-MTES which calcined at 350 °C is great to applicated for wetland saline water desalination by both of water fluxes and salt rejection showed high.

scholarly journals Synthesizing Ag/PDA/PES Antibacterial Membrane for Natural Organic Molecules Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 05023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok Poh Wai ◽  
Chai Hoon Koo ◽  
Yean Ling Pang ◽  
Woon Chan Chong ◽  
Woei Jye Lau
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Dope Solution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Pes Membrane ◽  
Contact Angle Analysis

Silver nanoparticles (NP) was successfully immobilized on polydopamine (PDA) supported polyethersulfone (PES) membrane via a redox reaction. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added into membrane dope solution as a pore-forming agent. Four pieces of membranes (M1, M2, M3 and M4) were fabricated with different active layer coatings to compare their morphological and performance properties. The differences between each sample were highlighted as follow: M1 (pristine PES), M2 (PES+PVP), M3 (PDA/PES+PVP) and M4 (Ag/PDA/PES+PVP). All membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and contact angle analysis. The membrane performance was examined using pure water permeability (PWP) test, antibacterial test and humic acid (HA) rejection test. Pristine M1 membrane showed that PWP of 27.16 LMH/bar and HA rejection of 84 %. In this study, it was found that the addition of PVP as a pore agent into the membrane M2 increased water flux but slightly deteriorated HA rejection. Coating of PDA on M3 and immobilizing silver NP on M4 membrane surface have improved HA rejection but compromised PWP. The results showed that membrane M4 carried excellent antibacterial property and highest HA rejection among all fabricated membranes.

scholarly journals Improved salt rejection, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of novel thermoplastic polymer/chitosan nanofibre membranes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502092317
Author(s):  
Fahad S Al-Mubaddel ◽  
Hamad S AlRomaih ◽  
Mohammad Rezaul Karim ◽  
Monis Luqman ◽  
Maher M Al-Rashed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
Salt Rejection

The present study reports on the preparation of novel nanofibre membranes from the thermoplastic polymer polyvinylidene fluoride coated with chitosan to enhance membrane properties such as hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, water flux and salt rejection. Initially, a supporting layer was produced from polyvinylidene fluoride using phase inversion methods, followed by being coated with chitosan using either electrospinning or immersion methods. Two types of fabricated membranes with different coating methods were characterized and tested for physical and chemical performance using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests, permeation tests (water flux and salt rejection) and contact angle measurements. It was found that the support membrane (polyvinylidene fluoride) produced by the phase inversion method that was coated with chitosan using electrospinning showed better performance, with a salt rejection up to 70% for MgSO4, a decreased the contact angle (52°) and improved the elongation at the breaking point (~82%).

scholarly journals EVALUASI KINERJA MEMBRAN SILIKA PEKTIN UNTUK DESALINASI AIR PAYAU TERHADAP SUHU KALSINASI MEMBRAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Mahmud Mahmud ◽  
Fitri Ria Mustalifah ◽  
Akhbar Akhbar ◽  
Lilis Suryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Rapid Thermal Processing ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Salt Rejection

Krisis air bersih khususnya di Kalimantan Selatan pada musim kemarau sering terjadi karena adanya intrusi air laut yang mengakibatkan air menjadi payau. Konsentrasi garam tinggi yang tidak sesuai baku mutu air bersih mengharuskan perlu adanya pengolahan. Oleh karena itu, proses desalinasi melalui pervaporasi menjadi pilihan untuk memisahkan kadar garam yang terlarut dalam air. Proses desalinasi dilakukan menggunakan membran silika yang dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan karbon dari pektin pisang untuk memperkuat struktur pori dan meningkatkan hidrostabilitas membran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja membran silika-pektin pisang dengan metode pervaporasi (PV) menggunakan umpan air payau (NaCl 0,3 wt%) pada suhu ruang (~25°C). Bahan utama pada pembuatan membran ini adalah tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Membran silika-pektin pisang dengan konsentrasi 1% dikalsinasi pada suhu 300°C dan suhu 400°C melalui teknik RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing). Nilai fluks membran pada suhu kalsinasi 300°C sebesar 4,5 kg.m-2.jam-1 dengan nilai rejeksi garamnya sebesar 99,64 %. Sedangkan pada membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 400°C menghasilkan nilai fluks sebesar 13,2 kg.m-2.jam-1 dengan nilai rejeksi garam sebesar 99,78%. Kinerja kedua membran menunjukkan hasil yang sangat baik pada suhu kalsinasi 400°C dikarenakan adanya pengaruh penyisipan karbon dalam matriks silika sehingga pori yang terbentuk lebih kuat.  Kata kunci: air payau, desalinasi air payau, membran silika-pektin, pektin pisang, pervaporasi. South Kalimantan during the dry season has been clean water scarcity, due to the sea water intrusion which formed brackish water. High salt concentration in brackish water is does not meet with clean water quality standards that necessary to processing before used. Therefore, the desalination process via pervaporation has chosen to separate the dissolved salt ions in water. The desalination process was carried out using a modified silica membrane by carbon templated from banana pectin to strengthen the pore structure and increase membrane hydro-stability. This work aims to determine the performance of banana silica-pectin membrane by pervaporation (PV) method, using brackish water (NaCl 0,3 wt%) at room temperature (~25°C). The main ingredient to make this membrane is tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Banana silica-pectin membrane with a concentration of 1% was calcined at 300 ° C and 400°C via RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) technique. The water flux of membrane calcined at 300°C is 4,5 kg.m-2.h-1 with the salt rejection of 99,64%. Whereas the membrane in calcined temperature of 400°C produced a water flux of 13,2 kg.m-2.h-1 with a salt rejection of 99,78%. An excellent performance of both membranes showed at calcination temperature of 400°C due to the influence of carbon template in the silica matrices that makes the pores more robust. Keywords: banana pectin, brackish water, brackish water desalination, pervaporation, silica-pectin membrane.

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