scholarly journals Using Epoxidized Solution Polymerized Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers (ESSBRs) as Coupling Agents to Modify Silica without Volatile Organic Compounds

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohao Liu ◽  
Mingming Guo ◽  
Xiaobo Zhai ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
Liqun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Modify Silica ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Rubber Nanocomposites ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Rubber used in tire is usually strengthened by nanofiller, and the most popular nanofiller for tire tread rubber is nano silica, which can not only strengthen rubber but also lower the tire rolling resistance to reduce fuel consumption. However, silica particles are difficult to disperse in the rubber matrix because of the abundant silicon hydroxyl on their surface. Silane coupling agents are always used to modify silica and improve their dispersion, but a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted during the manufacturing of the nanosilica/rubber composites because of the condensation reaction between silane coupling agents and silicon hydroxyl on the surface of silica. Those VOCs will do great harm to the environment and the workers’ health. In this work, epoxidized solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubbers (ESSBR) with different epoxy degrees were prepared and used as macromolecular coupling agents aimed at fully eliminating VOCs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses verified that the different ESSBRs were successfully synthesized from solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubbers (SSBR). With the help of the reaction between epoxy groups and silicon hydroxyl without any VOC emission, nanosilica can be well dispersed in the rubber matrix when SSBR partially replaced by ESSBR which was proved by Payne effect and TEM analysis. Dynamic and static mechanical testing demonstrated that silica/ESSBR/SSBR/BR nanocomposites have better performance and no VOC emission compared with Bis-(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)-disulfide (TESPD) modified silica/rubber nanocomposites. ESSBR is very hopeful to replace traditional coupling agent TESPD to get high properties silica/rubber nanocomposites with no VOCs emission.

Identification of Non-Volatile Components and Volatile Organic Compounds in Wet Building Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Neng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The major volatile components in two solvent-based paints, two thinners, and four adhesives have been identified by a method involving pre-treatment by solvent dilution, filtration, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The non-volatile components in these wet building materials have been determined by infrared spectroscopy. The results have shown the major volatile organic compounds in one-component polyurethane varnish and alkyd paint thinner to be nonane, decane, undecane, xylene, ethylbenzene and ethyltoluene. The main film-forming matter in cement floor paint has been identified as styrenated acrylic emulsion, with the volatile components being mainly butyl acetate, decane and benzene series. The basic substances in these adhesives were polychloroprene, styrene butadiene carboxylated latex, or polyvinyl acetate emulsion. The primary volatile compounds in two adhesives were methyl acetate, and many branched-chain and normal alkanes, while those in the other two adhesives were toluene and benzene.

EFFECTS OF SILANE COUPLING AGENTS ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SILICA-FILLED SILICONE RUBBER/STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER COMPOSITES

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Yuan Ren ◽  
Zheng Sun ◽  
Li-Qun Zhang ◽  
You-Ping Wu ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Rubber Filler

ABSTRACT Two silane coupling agents, bis-(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide (Si69) and vinyltriethoxysilane (A151), were selected to investigate their effects on structure and properties of silica-filled methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ)/emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (ESBR) composites. The filler–rubber interactions were investigated via bound rubber content and solid-state 1H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the mass ratio of VMQ and ESBR in the rubber–filler gel was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that VMQ showed a better compatibility with silica than ESBR. Compared with the A151 composite, the composite with Si69 showed the higher content of ESBR in rubber–filler gel, which resulted in the higher bound rubber content and the weaker Payne effect, and it also exhibited higher tensile strength, higher tear strength, better wear resistance, and lower hardness. However, the presence of Si69 reduced the crosslink efficiency of ESBR and completely inhibited the crosslinking of VMQ, which caused the composite to show higher tan δ value at 60 °C than the A151 composite.

scholarly journals Use of Ashes from Lignite Combustion as Fillers in Rubber Mixtures to Reduce VOC Emissions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4986
Author(s):  
Miroslawa Prochon ◽  
Dariusz Bieliński ◽  
Paulina Stepaniak ◽  
Magdalena Makowicz ◽  
Dominik Pietrzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

This paper presents the use of ashes from brown coal combustion (BCA) as fillers in rubber mixtures, to reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds. Two types of ash, BCA1 and BCA2, were selected as fillers for styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). The ashes were produced during the treatment of brown coal at the Bełchatów Power Plant in the years 2017 and 2018. The morphology and chemical composition of the ash were tested. Morphology studies using scanning microscopy showed differences in the grain sizes of the ashes, and EDS analysis showed a difference in their chemical compositions. Vulcanizates with different weight proportions of the individual ashes were produced. Mixtures were made with the addition of 10–30 pts. wt. ashes per 100 g of SBR. The addition of BCA1 ash at 10 and 30 pts. wt. reduced the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) while maintaining the good strength properties of the mixtures.

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