scholarly journals Enhanced Hydrophilic and Electrophilic Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Biofilm Carrier

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Haifeng Cai ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Weihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Surface Contact Angle ◽  
Bacterial Adsorption ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) biofilm carrier is used as a carrier for bacterial adsorption in wastewater treatment. The hydrophilicity and electrophilicity of its surface play an important role in the adsorption of bacteria. The PVC biofilm carrier was prepared by extruder, and its surface properties were investigated. In order to improve the hydrophilicity and electrophilic properties of the PVC biofilm carrier, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM) were incorporated into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by blending. Besides, the surface area of the PVC biofilm carrier was increased by azodicarbonamide modified with 10% by weight of zinc oxide (mAC). The surface contact angle of PVC applied by PVA and cPAM at 5 wt %, 15 wt % was 81.6°, which was 18.0% lower than pure PVC. It shows the significant improvement of the hydrophilicity of PVC. The zeta potential of pure PVC was −9.59 mV, while the modified PVC was 14.6 mV, which proves that the surface charge of PVC changed from negative to positive. Positive charge is more conducive to the adsorption of bacteria. It is obvious from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that holes appeared on the surface of the PVC biofilm carrier after adding mAC, which indicates the increase of PVC surface area.

scholarly journals GuttaFlow Bioseal as Monocone Obturation Technique in Curved Root Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Musliana Mustaffa ◽  
◽  
Hajar Ar Rahmah Nasri ◽  
Insyirah Kamarulzaman ◽  
Mohamad Shafiq Mohd Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Curved Root Canals ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Group 1

The obturation quality of GuttaFlow Bioseal in curved root canals is not commonly investigated although there has been a current approach toward utilizing this material in extracted molars in recent years. This study assessed the obturated surface area, extrusion of root filling material beyond the apical foramen and duration of obturation procedure in curved root canals using monocone obturation technique. Access cavity was prepared in 20 human mandibular molars. Root canals with curvature of more than 10 as determined according to Schneider’s method were included. Samples were prepared using Hyflex CM rotary files and divided into two groups (n=10): Group 1 [gutta-percha cone and GuttaFlow Bioseal] and Group 2 [gutta-percha cone and RoekoSeal Automix root canal sealer]. The duration of obturation procedure was recorded and obturation radiographs were taken. Samples were bisected and the mesial roots were sectioned horizontally to obtain 3 root segments; apical, middle and coronal. All resected roots were mounted on brass stubs, sputter-coated with thin platinum coating and observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 70x magnification. The SEM images were transferred to the SketchAndCalc Area Calculator software. No statistically significant differences in the obturated surface area and extrusion of root filling material were observed between Group 1 and 2, irrespective of the status of root canal curvature. Duration for obturation in severe root canal curvatures between Group 1 and 2 were statistically significant. Obturated surface area and extrusion of root filling material were not affected by the root canal curvature, however duration for obturation using GuttaFlow Bioseal in severe root canal curvatures was slightly longer.

scholarly journals The Effect of ZnO Addition on Microstructure, Phase and Color Developments of Copper Reduction Glaze

10.30544/99 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
N. NayebPashaee ◽  
A.M. Aarabi ◽  
H. Sarpoolaky ◽  
H. Vafaeenezhad
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this research, the effects of Zn on microstructure and color developments of the copper reduction glaze were investigated. Structural and colorimetric characteristics of the glaze surface are examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Telespectrophotometery. Results indicate in samples consisted of more than 7 % of zinc amount, crystalline structures containing Willemite and synthesized copper. XRD indicate that, 14 wt% of zinc oxide is enough to form Willemite. In all samples, duration of process was sufficient to form the metallic particles. SEM images confirm presence of copper nanosphere-laths of Willemite and surrounding glaze.

scholarly journals Specifications study of Hydrophobic Silica Aerogel Doped with Rhodamine 6G Prepared via Sub-Critical Drying Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Israa F. AL-Sharuee
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Rhodamine 6G ◽  
Dye Laser ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Surface Area Measurement ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of dye laser Rhodamine 6G (R6G) on the molecular structure of silica aerogel prepared by normal drying method is reported. The study also tests the effect of dye concentration on morphological and physical properties. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine this effect, in addition to Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), contact angle, and surface area measurement. It was found from FTIR data that the dye laser stays with the inner structure of samples and, at high concentration, it gives a good influence by reducing (OH) band and increasing (CH) band, leading to changing the contact angle from (123ᴼ) to (145ᴼ). Whereas particle size varied from 22 nm to 47 nm after doping, resulting in a decrease in surface area from 673 m2/gm before doping to 357 m2/gm after doping. It was also found that the samples became lightweighted through the noticeable decrease in the amount of density from 0.28 to 0.17 gm/cm3.

SELF-ASSEMBLY ON DUAL WETTABLE SURFACE

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150087
Author(s):  
IMTIAZ AHMAD ◽  
RAHIM JAN ◽  
HIDAYAT ULLAH KHAN ◽  
AKHLAQ HUSSAIN ◽  
AQSA TABASSUM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Contact Line ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspension ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Separation Effect ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
Scanning Electron

A droplet of nanoparticle suspension is deposited on a specially designed dual wettable surface. Half diagonal of SiO2 substrate was oil coated and other half stayed unchanged. The droplet forms contact angle of 35∘ on the unchanged dry portion whereas it reaches to 60∘ on the oil coated region. Nanoparticle dried in stick–slip fashion where such effect was more pronounced on the oil-wet region. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed large ribbon-like nanorod assembly on the dry-region and short monolayer ribbons on the oil-wet part of the substrate. On both surfaces, shape-separation effect produced rod-rich and sphere-rich regions. The assemblies formed over the dry portion were dense whereas significantly small number of nanoparticles were observed on the oil-wet region. The droplet contact-line remained partially dynamic owing to the dual wettable design of the surface. Such contact-line dynamics facilitated the shape-separation effect induced by the surfactant molecules and dictated the deposition process over the surface. This work will be helpful to study shape-separation effect of small biological entities and multisystem of nanoparticles.

CHF Enhancement of Pool Boiling in Graphene Oxide Nanofluid With Chemical Reduction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Bo Moon ◽  
Seong Dae Park ◽  
Hyung Wook Park ◽  
In Cheol Bang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
Heater Surface ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Nichrome Wire ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Surface Contact Angle

Graphene oxide (GO) can be deposited on a heater surface to produce nanoscale structures that enhance the thermal limit of the heater. GO has shown a very unique feature showing CHF enhancement without wettability improvement in terms of apparent advancing contact angle unlike any other typical nanoparticles. Many studies have analyzed the reason for the enhanced critical heat flux (CHF) of the heater. Three major models have been used for studying the enhanced CHF of the heater in many heat transfer studies: wettability of surface (contact angle), Rayleigh–Taylor instability wavelength, and thermal activity. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and the contact angle were taken to explain the enhanced wettability of a heater surface in a GO nanofluid. GO is composed of carbon and oxygen. This material has good affinity with water because of its polarity. In an electric field, GO reduces into reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This chemical reduction on the surface may be one factor that enhances the CHF. To examine how a GO nanofluid can enhance CHF to more than twice its original magnitude, a wettability model was applied that uses the contact angle of the nichrome wire heater surface after the CHF experiment. The reason why the wettability model could not completely account for the CHF enhancement in a GO nanofluid was also determined. The reduction of GO was considered to explain CHF enhancement.

scholarly journals Hydrochloric Acid Modification and Lead Removal Studies on Naturally Occurring Zeolites from Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Garven M. Huntley ◽  
Rudy L. Luck ◽  
Michael E. Mullins ◽  
Nick K. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
27Al Mas Nmr ◽  
Modified Zeolites

Four naturally occurring zeolites were examined to verify their assignments as chabazites AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na (Bowie, Arizona) and clinoptilolites NM-Ca (Winston, New Mexico) and NV-Na (Ash Meadows, Nevada). Based on powder X-ray diffraction, NM-Ca was discovered to be mostly quartz with some clinoptilolite residues. Treatment with concentrated HCl (12.1 M) acid resulted in AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na, the chabazite-like species, becoming amorphous, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. In contrast, NM-Ca and NV-Na, which are clinoptilolite-like species, withstood boiling in concentrated HCl acid. This treatment removes calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, and iron atoms or ions from the framework while leaving the silicon framework intact as confirmed via X-ray fluorescence and diffraction. SEM images on calcined and HCl treated NV-Na were obtained. BET surface area analysis confirmed an increase in surface area for the two zeolites after treatment, NM-Ca 20.0(1) to 111(4) m2/g and NV-Na 19.0(4) to 158(7) m2/g. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR were performed on the natural and treated NV-Na zeolite, and the data for the natural NV-Na zeolite suggested a Si:Al ratio of 4.33 similar to that determined by X-Ray fluorescence of 4.55. Removal of lead ions from solution decreased from the native NM-Ca, 0.27(14), NV-Na, 1.50(17) meq/g compared to the modified zeolites, 30 min HCl treated NM-Ca 0.06(9) and NV-Na, 0.41(23) meq/g, and also decreased upon K+ ion pretreatment in the HCl modified zeolites.

scholarly journals Microscopy Methods for Biofilm Imaging: Focus on SEM and VP-SEM Pros and Cons

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Michela Relucenti ◽  
Giuseppe Familiari ◽  
Orlando Donfrancesco ◽  
Maurizio Taurino ◽  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Several imaging methodologies have been used in biofilm studies, contributing to deepening the knowledge on their structure. This review illustrates the most widely used microscopy techniques in biofilm investigations, focusing on traditional and innovative scanning electron microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), variable pressure SEM (VP-SEM), environmental SEM (ESEM), and the more recent ambiental SEM (ASEM), ending with the cutting edge Cryo-SEM and focused ion beam SEM (FIB SEM), highlighting the pros and cons of several methods with particular emphasis on conventional SEM and VP-SEM. As each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, the choice of the most appropriate method must be done carefully, based on the specific aim of the study. The evaluation of the drug effects on biofilm requires imaging methods that show the most detailed ultrastructural features of the biofilm. In this kind of research, the use of scanning electron microscopy with customized protocols such as osmium tetroxide (OsO4), ruthenium red (RR), tannic acid (TA) staining, and ionic liquid (IL) treatment is unrivalled for its image quality, magnification, resolution, minimal sample loss, and actual sample structure preservation. The combined use of innovative SEM protocols and 3-D image analysis software will allow for quantitative data from SEM images to be extracted; in this way, data from images of samples that have undergone different antibiofilm treatments can be compared.

SrTiO3 Functional Ceramics Thin Film Prepared by Self-Assembled Monolayers with the Liquid Phase Deposition Method on Silicon Substrates

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
Hui Jun Ren ◽  
Guo Qiang Tan ◽  
Hong Yan Miao ◽  
Ya Yu Song ◽  
Ao Xia
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Liquid Phase Deposition ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Surface Contact Angle

In this article, (NH4)2TiF6, SrNO3 and H3BO3 were used as raw materials to prepare the precursor solution with the ratio of AHFT/SN/BA=1:1:3. The thin films of SrTiO3 were fabricated on the functional silicon substrates (100) by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with the liquid phase deposition (LPD). This article also studied the effects of wet state and the deposition temperature of the precursor solution before and after the functionalization of silicon substrate on the thin film growth. The results indicated that after the immersion in OTS for 30min, the surface contact angle of the silicon substrate changed from 24.64° to 100.91°. The substrate appeared hydrophobic property and it was irradiated by UV light for 30min. Then the surface contact angle of the substrate decreased to 5.00°. The substrate appeared hydrophilicity. The concentration of the precursor solution was 0.025 mol/L, the deposition temperature was 40°C and the deposition time was 9h, which were all helpful to SrTiO3 crystallization. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the physical phase of thin film and surface morphology at 600 °C with annealing and heat retaining for 2h. The results indicated that the thin film prepared by the mono-crystal Si substrate was SrTiO3 thin film with better crystalline. On the crystal surfaces of (110), (100), (200) and (211), there appeared the obvious diffraction peaks. The SrTiO3 grains on the surface had the clear outline and were regular and long columnar crystals.

The Photoluminescence Enhancement and Stability of Porous Silicon by Cathodic Reduction and Acid Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 458-461
Author(s):  
Chang Qing Li ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Pei Jia Liu ◽  
Qi Ming
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Cathodic Reduction ◽  
Luminescence Properties ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Photoluminescence Enhancement ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Cathode Reduction

Porous silicon (PSi) was fabricated by using electrochemical anodic etching method. Then acid treatment and cathode reduction treatment were employed to improve the luminescence properties and stability of PSi material. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe the luminescence properties and microstructure of samples, respectively. The results of PL measurements showed that the PL intensity and the stability of luminescence of samples after cathodic reduction and acid treatment were significantly improved. The SEM images showed that the porosity of PSi may be increased through the cathodic reduction treated.

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