scholarly journals The Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Degradation Behavior of Biomass Pellets

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Gilvari ◽  
Luis Cutz ◽  
Urša Tiringer ◽  
Arjan Mol ◽  
Wiebren de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
End User ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Current Utilization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Biomass pellets provide a pivotal opportunity in promising energy transition scenarios as a renewable source of energy. A large share of the current utilization of pellets is facilitated by intensive global trade operations. Considering the long distance between the production site and the end-user locations, pellets may face fluctuating storage conditions, resulting in their physical and chemical degradation. We tested the effect of different storage conditions, from freezing temperatures (−19 °C) to high temperature (40 °C) and humidity conditions (85% relative humidity), on the physicochemical properties of untreated and torrefied biomass pellets. Moreover, the effect of sudden changes in the storage conditions on pellet properties was studied by moving the pellets from the freezing to the high temperature and relative humidity conditions and vice versa. The results show that, although storage at one controlled temperature and RH may degrade the pellets, a change in the temperature and relative humidity results in higher degradation in terms of higher moisture uptake and lower mechanical strength.

MOSQUITOES OF MANITOBA: II. THE EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON HATCHING OF EGGS OF AEDES VEXANS AND AEDES ABSERRATUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brust ◽  
R. A. Costello
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere

AbstractOptimum storage conditions for eggs of Aedes vexans (Meigen) were found to be a temperature of 2 °C and a saturated atmosphere. These conditions are also suitable for storing eggs of Aedes abserratus (Felt and Young) but this species can be stored at lower temperatures. When eggs of both species are stored at 2 °C and placed in a hatching medium at 2 °C, hatching begins in A. abserratus but not in A. vexans. A comparable hatch in the latter occurs at 10°–15 °C. Desiccation and death of A. vexans embryos occur rapidly at a low relative humidity (20%) and a high temperature (21 °C) but slowly at low relative humidity and a low temperature (4 °C). Eggs that lose a substantial amount of water will still hatch and the larvae develop normally, but hatching time is delayed. The hatching time may be twice as long as in eggs kept in a saturated atmosphere at similar temperatures, indicating that embryos must regain some of the lost water before hatching can occur.

scholarly journals Maintaining Impatiens Seed Quality

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 867F-867
Author(s):  
David Cross ◽  
Roger Styer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.f.) flower seeds are believed to be sensitive to storage temperature and humidity conditions. A study was conducted to evaluate seed quality changes occurring during a 1-year period of storage under various temperature and humidity combinations. Four seed lots of `Super Elfin Red' and `Super Elfin White' impatiens were studied. Constant humidity treatments were obtained using saturated salt solutions; 15% relative humidity (RH) with LiCI, 25% RH with KAc, 33% RH with MgCl2, and 43% RH with K2CO3. Constant temperature treatments were 5, 15, and 22C. At 3-month intervals, replicate samples were sown in plug flats in the greenhouse. Seed quality was evaluated as the percentage of usable seedlings 21 days from sowing. Rapid deterioration of seed quality was seen under high temperature and high humidity storage conditions. Seeds became less sensitive to humidity at 5C. Conditions of 20% to 25% RH and 5C are recommended for impatiens seed storage.

Use of activated carbon to remove undesirable residual amylase from refinery streams

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Eggleston ◽  
Isabel Lima ◽  
Emmanuel Sarir ◽  
Jack Thompson ◽  
John Zatlokovicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
End User ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Very High

In recent years, there has been increased world-wide concern over residual (carry-over) activity of mostly high temperature (HT) and very high temperature (VHT) stable amylases in white, refined sugars from refineries to various food and end-user industries. HT and VHT stable amylases were developed for much larger markets than the sugar industry with harsher processing conditions. There is an urgent need in the sugar industry to be able to remove or inactivate residual, active amylases either in factory or refinery streams or both. A survey of refineries that used amylase and had activated carbon systems for decolorizing, revealed they did not have any customer complaints for residual amylase. The use of high performance activated carbons to remove residual amylase activity was investigated using a Phadebas® method created for the sugar industry to measure residual amylase in syrups. Ability to remove residual amylase protein was dependent on the surface area of the powdered activated carbons as well as mixing (retention) time. The activated carbon also had the additional benefit of removing color and insoluble starch.

scholarly journals High Temperatures Decrease the Flight Capacity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Antolinez ◽  
Tobias Moyneur ◽  
Xavier Martini ◽  
Monique J. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Low Humidity

Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), commonly known as Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), is an invasive insect pest and the vector of the bacterium causing Huanglongbing (HLB), a lethal disease of citrus. In the United States, ACP has been established in all citrus-producing zones, all of which have different environmental conditions. The spread of ACP and, more importantly, HLB, has progressed differently depending on the state, with more rapid spread in Florida and Texas than in California. Climatic variations between the regions are likely a strong factor in the difference in the rate of spread. Despite this, it is unknown how the flight capacity of D. citri is influenced by high temperatures (>30 °C) and subsequently, low humidity experienced in California but not in Texas or Florida. In this study, by using a custom-made, temperature-controlled flight mill arena, we assessed the effect of high temperatures on the flight capacity and flight propensity of D. citri under low (20–40%) and high (76–90%) relative humidity conditions. We found that temperature and humidity influence the propensity to engage in short or long-distance flight events. Psyllids exposed to temperatures above 43 °C only performed short flights (˂60 s), and a high relative humidity significantly decrease the proportion of long flights (≥60 s) at 26 and 40 °C. The flight capacity for insects who engaged in short and long flights was significantly affected by temperature but not by humidity. For long flyers, temperature (in the 26–43 °C range) was negatively correlated with distance flown and flight duration. The most favorable temperature for long dispersion was 26 °C, with suboptimal temperatures in the range of 32–37 °C and the least favorable temperatures at 40 and 43 °C. In conclusion, D. citri is able to fly in a broad range of temperatures and efficiently fly in high and low humidity. However, temperatures above 40 °C, similar to those experienced in semi-arid environments like Southern California or Arizona, are detrimental for its flight capacity.

Effect Of Moisture On The Physical Properties Of Polyimide Films

1991 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeevi Subramanian ◽  
Michael T. Pottiger ◽  
Jacqueline H. Morris ◽  
Joseph P. Curilla
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

ABSTRACTMoisture absorption and its effect on electrical properties were measured for several polyimides. A Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) was used to investigate the moisture absorption in BPDA/PPD, PMDA/ODA, and BTDA//ODA/MPD polyimides. The steady-state moisture uptake in polyimides as a function of relative humidity (RH) was determined by exposing film samples to successively higher RH values ranging from 10 to 85% at 25°C. The isothermal moisture absorption as a function of percent RH was found to be nearly linear for all of the polyimides studied. The effect of moisture on the electrical properties of a BPDA/PPD polyimide was also investigated. The relative dielectric constant at 25 °C was found to be a linear function of the moisture absorbed.

Survival of Endocronartium harknessii teliospores in a simulated airborne state

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 928-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan-Fa Chang ◽  
P. V. Blenis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Spore Longevity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The effects of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the survival of Endocronartium harknessii teliospores and the longevity of these spores out of doors during daylight hours were studied. In one experiment, fresh and liquid-nitrogen-stored spores of E. harknessii were impacted onto spider webs or plastic threads and incubated in darkness at temperatures of 6, 15, and 24 °C and RHs of 39 and 98%. Survival was measured after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days. Spore longevity decreased with increasing temperature and was lower at 98 than at 39% RH. In a second experiment, spores were impacted onto spider webs and placed out of doors on clear days. Viability decreased linearly with time and averaged 33% after 12 h. The data suggest that E. harknessii has relatively good ability to survive in an airborne state and thus would have considerable potential for long distance spread.

Influence of Regeneration Condition on Physical and Chemical Properties of High Temperature Coal Gas Desulfurization Sorbent

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 658-661
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Shang Guan Ju ◽  
Yu Kun Gao ◽  
Yan Hui Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Regeneration Condition ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Physical and chemical properties are closely related to desulfurization, regeneration performance and cycle stability for high temperature coal gas desulfurizer. This review focuses on influence rules of changes in regeneration atmosphere, temperature and space velocity on physical and chemical properties. A large number of experimental researches have shown that regeneration atmosphere, regeneration temperature, space velocity have an important influence on mechanical strength, active component and texture change for high temperature coal gas desulfurizer. The different regeneration atmosphere obviously results in different active ingredients for desulfurization sorbent after regeneration, and regeneration at a higher regeneration temperature will easily cause desulfurizer sintering, as well as small regeneration space velocity can lead to the formation of sulfates. In order to make the circulatory system of sulfidation-regeneration-sulfidation need to the requirements in industrial application, the further research of influence rules of regeneration condition on physical and chemical properties will be crucial.

Detachment-parallel recharge explains high discharge fluxes at the TAG hydrothermal field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Rüpke ◽  
Zhikui Guo ◽  
Sven Petersen ◽  
Christopher German ◽  
Benoit Ildefonse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Massive Sulfide ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Circulation Mode ◽  
Spreading Ridges

Abstract Submarine massive sulfide deposits on slow-spreading ridges are larger and longer-lived than deposits at fast-spreading ridges1,2, likely due to more pronounced tectonic faulting creating stable preferential fluid pathways3,4. The TAG hydrothermal mound at 26°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a typical example located on the hanging wall of a detachment fault5-7. It has formed through distinct phases of high-temperature fluid discharge lasting 10s to 100s of years throughout at least the last 50,000 years8 and is one of the largest sulfide accumulations on the MAR. Yet, the mechanisms that control the episodic behavior, keep the fluid pathways intact, and sustain the observed high heat fluxes of up to 1800 MW9 remain poorly understood. Previous concepts involved long-distance channelized high-temperature fluid upflow along the detachment5,10 but that circulation mode is thermodynamically unfavorable11 and incompatible with TAG's high discharge fluxes. Here, based on the joint interpretation of hydrothermal flow observations and 3-D flow modeling, we show that the TAG system can be explained by episodic magmatic intrusions into the footwall of a highly permeable detachment surface. These intrusions drive episodes of hydrothermal activity with sub-vertical discharge and recharge along the detachment. This revised flow regime reconciles problematic aspects of previously inferred circulation patterns and can be used as guidance to one critical combination of parameters that can generate substantive mineral systems.

scholarly journals Cultivation of gerbera irrigated with treated domestic effluents

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisânea M. O. Damasceno ◽  
Aderson S. de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Domestic Effluents

This paper evaluates the nutritional impact on growth, production and quality variables of gerbera crop when fertigated with treated domestic effluents. An experiment was carried out in greenhouse at the Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina, in the State of Piauí, Brazil, from July to October 2007. A completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications was adopted. The treatments investigated were T1 - 100% of water and nutritional requirements of crop were met with chemical fertigation (N e K2 O); T2 - 25% volume of water through fertigation and 75% treated wastewater effluents (TWE); T3: 50% volume of water through fertigation and 50% TWE; T4: 75% volume of water with fertigation and 25% TWE; and T5 - 100% volume of water supplied through TWE. Leaf growth and plant development were favored by the application of 50% fertigation and 50% TWE (T3). As for commercial requirements, the best results for number of flowers were obtained with T4. However, concerning quality, T2 produced flowers in July and August with longer stems, but in the months of September and October, no treatment achieved this standard due to high temperature and low relative humidity of the air in the region.

scholarly journals Microbiological Stability of Rice Tart Stored at Ambient Temperature after Baking

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nguessan Elise ◽  
Cisse Mohamed ◽  
Niyonzima Eugene ◽  
Sindic Marianne
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
End User ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Microbiological Stability

Very popular in Belgium, rice tart is a hot pastry sold in bakeries. It is then consumed at home, for dessert or snack. This study is conducted to investigate the microbiological stability of this foodstuff, from the end of baking to end user by consumers. In this purpose, 108 rice tart samples were collected from each of seven bakeries in five Belgium provinces. Physico-chimical analysis in addition to microbiological analysis were carried out in accordance with the European Regulation EC 2073/2005 and with references methods, to enumerate the total microorganisms count, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus as well as Enterobacteria, susceptible likely to contaminate the tarts during the production or after baking. Even when the results meet the microbiological safety standards immediately after baking in all bakeries implicated, a significant (p <0,05) increase of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (ranging from <1 to 7 log cfu/g) and B. cereus (> 3,7 log cfu/g) was observed during the storage at nonrefrigerated temperature (28 to 30°C). A post-baking recontamination and other parameters like an insufficient baking time or a non uniform distribution of the oven heat could explain the observed bacteria growth. The present study shows that most rice tarts investigated are microbiologically safe. However, the possible increase of bacteria load in this foodstuff attributable to the favorable aw, pH and temperature conditions, highlight the importance of applying good hygienic practices and compliance with storage conditions after baking to ensure consumer safety. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document