scholarly journals Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Bone Scaffolds Optimization

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Donnaloja ◽  
Emanuela Jacchetti ◽  
Monica Soncini ◽  
Manuela T. Raimondi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Polymeric Scaffold ◽  
Technology Improvement

Bone tissue is the structural component of the body, which allows locomotion, protects vital internal organs, and provides the maintenance of mineral homeostasis. Several bone-related pathologies generate critical-size bone defects that our organism is not able to heal spontaneously and require a therapeutic action. Conventional therapies span from pharmacological to interventional methodologies, all of them characterized by several drawbacks. To circumvent these effects, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are innovative and promising approaches that exploit the capability of bone progenitors, especially mesenchymal stem cells, to differentiate into functional bone cells. So far, several materials have been tested in order to guarantee the specific requirements for bone tissue regeneration, ranging from the material biocompatibility to the ideal 3D bone-like architectural structure. In this review, we analyse the state-of-the-art of the most widespread polymeric scaffold materials and their application in in vitro and in vivo models, in order to evaluate their usability in the field of bone tissue engineering. Here, we will present several adopted strategies in scaffold production, from the different combination of materials, to chemical factor inclusion, embedding of cells, and manufacturing technology improvement.

scholarly journals Protocol of Co-Culture of Human Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts to Test Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Giorgia Borciani ◽  
Giorgia Montalbano ◽  
Nicola Baldini ◽  
Chiara Vitale-Brovarone ◽  
Gabriela Ciapetti
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Bone Microenvironment

New biomaterials and scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications require to be tested in a bone microenvironment reliable model. On this assumption, the in vitro laboratory protocols with bone cells represent worthy experimental systems improving our knowledge about bone homeostasis, reducing the costs of experimentation. To this day, several models of the bone microenvironment are reported in the literature, but few delineate a protocol for testing new biomaterials using bone cells. Herein we propose a clear protocol to set up an indirect co-culture system of human-derived osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors, providing well-defined criteria such as the cell seeding density, cell:cell ratio, the culture medium, and the proofs of differentiation. The material to be tested may be easily introduced in the system and the cell response analyzed. The physical separation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts allows distinguishing the effects of the material onto the two cell types and to evaluate the correlation between material and cell behavior, cell morphology, and adhesion. The whole protocol requires about 4 to 6 weeks with an intermediate level of expertise. The system is an in vitro model of the bone remodeling system useful in testing innovative materials for bone regeneration, and potentially exploitable in different application fields. The use of human primary cells represents a close replica of the bone cell cooperation in vivo and may be employed as a feasible system to test materials and scaffolds for bone substitution and regeneration.

scholarly journals Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate): Promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dariš ◽  
Željko Knez
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

AbstractPoly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is a natural polymer, produced by different bacteria, with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Cardiovascular patches, scaffolds in tissue engineering and drug carriers are some of the possible biomedical applications of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). In the past decade, many researchers examined the different physico-chemical modifications of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in order to improve its properties for use in the field of bone tissue engineering. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composites with hydroxyapatite and bioglass are intensively tested with animal and human osteoblasts in vitro to provide information about their biocompatibility, biodegradability and osteoinductivity. Good bone regeneration was proven when poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate) patches were implanted in vivo in bone tissue of cats, minipigs and rats. This review summarizes the recent reports of in vitro and in vivo studies of pure poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composites with the emphasis on their bioactivity and biocompatibility with bone cells.

scholarly journals Oral Bone Tissue Regeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Secretome, and Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5236
Author(s):  
Agnese Gugliandolo ◽  
Luigia Fonticoli ◽  
Oriana Trubiani ◽  
Thangavelu S. Rajan ◽  
Guya D. Marconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
In Vivo Models

In the last few decades, tissue engineering has become one of the most studied medical fields. Even if bone shows self-remodeling properties, in some cases, due to injuries or anomalies, bone regeneration can be required. In particular, oral bone regeneration is needed in the dentistry field, where the functional restoration of tissues near the tooth represents a limit for many dental implants. In this context, the application of biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appears promising for bone regeneration. This review focused on in vivo studies that evaluated bone regeneration using biomaterials with MSCs. Different biocompatible biomaterials were enriched with MSCs from different sources. These constructs showed an enhanced bone regenerative power in in vivo models. However, we discussed also a future perspective in tissue engineering using the MSC secretome, namely the conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles. This new approach has already shown promising results for bone tissue regeneration in experimental models.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Biomaterials for Bone-Tissue Regeneration: Mg-Alloys on the Move

2018 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rida Batool Naqvi ◽  
Yasir Faheem Joya ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Recent Developments

Disorders related to the bone health are becoming a significant concern due to subsequent rise in ageing human population. It is estimated that more than two million bone-surgeries are performed worldwide with an annual cost of $2.5 billion. In order to replace damaged bone-tissues and restore their function, biomaterials consisting of stainless steels, cobalt-chromium and titanium alloys are implanted. However, these permanent (non-biodegradable) implants often lead to stress-shielding effects and ions release as they interact with the cells and fluids in the body. It is required to overcome these issues by improving the quality of implant materials and increasing their service life. Recently, research in biodegradable materials, consisting of magnesium alloys in particular, has received global attention owning to their biocompatibility and closer mechanical properties to the natural bone. However, due to their rapid corrosion rate in the body fluids, clinical applications of Mg-alloys as viable bone-implants have been restricted. A number of Mg-alloys have been tested since (both in vivo and in vitro) to optimize their biodegradation rare and corrosion properties. The present review summarizes the most recent developments in Mg-alloys designed with biodegradation tailored to the bone-cells growth and highlights the most successful ways to optimize their surface properties for optimum cell/material interaction.

Lactoferrin in Bone Tissue Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalina Icriverzi ◽  
Valentina Dinca ◽  
Magdalena Moisei ◽  
Robert W. Evans ◽  
Mihaela Trif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Active Compounds

: Among the multiple properties exhibited by lactoferrin (Lf), its involvement in bone regeneration processes is of great interest at the present time. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the ability of Lf to promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells and to inhibit bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts. Although the mechanism underlying the action of Lf in bone cells is still not fully elucidated, it has been shown that its mode of action leading to the survival of osteoblasts is complemented by its mitogenic effect. Activation of several signalling pathways and gene expression, in an LRPdependent or independent manner, has been identified. Unlike the effects on osteoblasts, the action on osteoclasts is different, with Lf leading to a total arrest of osteoclastogenesis. : Due to the positive effect of Lf on osteoblasts, the potential use of Lf alone or in combination with different biologically active compounds in bone tissue regeneration and the treatment of bone diseases is of great interest. Since the bioavailability of Lf in vivo is poor, a nanotechnology- based strategy to improve the biological properties of Lf was developed. The investigated formulations include incorporation of Lf into collagen membranes, gelatin hydrogel, liposomes, loading onto nanofibers, porous microspheres, or coating onto silica/titan based implants. Lf has also been coupled with other biologically active compounds such as biomimetic hydroxyapatite, in order to improve the efficacy of biomaterials used in the regulation of bone homeostasis. : This review aims to provide an up-to-date review of research on the involvement of Lf in bone growth and healing and on its use as a potential therapeutic factor in bone tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Collagen-Based Electrospun Materials for Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Britani N. Blackstone ◽  
Summer C. Gallentine ◽  
Heather M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Increased Strength

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in organs and tissues throughout the body and is used for many tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning of collagen can produce scaffolds in a wide variety of shapes, fiber diameters and porosities to match that of the native ECM. This systematic review aims to pool data from available manuscripts on electrospun collagen and tissue engineering to provide insight into the connection between source material, solvent, crosslinking method and functional outcomes. D-banding was most often observed in electrospun collagen formed using collagen type I isolated from calfskin, often isolated within the laboratory, with short solution solubilization times. All physical and chemical methods of crosslinking utilized imparted resistance to degradation and increased strength. Cytotoxicity was observed at high concentrations of crosslinking agents and when abbreviated rinsing protocols were utilized. Collagen and collagen-based scaffolds were capable of forming engineered tissues in vitro and in vivo with high similarity to the native structures.

scholarly journals Dual Network Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Calcium Metaphosphate/Alginate with Osteogenic Ions for Bone Tissue Engineering in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Lilis Iskandar ◽  
Lucy DiSilvio ◽  
Jonathan Acheson ◽  
Sanjukta Deb
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery

Despite considerable advances in biomaterials-based bone tissue engineering technologies, autografts remain the gold standard for rehabilitating critical-sized bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial (OMF) region. A majority of advanced synthetic bone substitutes (SBS’s) have not transcended the pre-clinical stage due to inferior clinical performance and translational barriers, which include low scalability, high cost, regulatory restrictions, limited advanced facilities and human resources. The aim of this study is to develop clinically viable alternatives to address the challenges of bone tissue regeneration in the OMF region by developing ‘dual network composites’ (DNC’s) of calcium metaphosphate (CMP)—poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/alginate with osteogenic ions: calcium, zinc and strontium. To fabricate DNC’s, single network composites of PVA/CMP with 10% (w/v) gelatine particles as porogen were developed using two freeze–thawing cycles and subsequently interpenetrated by guluronate-dominant sodium alginate and chelated with calcium, zinc or strontium ions. Physicochemical, compressive, water uptake, thermal, morphological and in vitro biological properties of DNC’s were characterised. The results demonstrated elastic 3D porous scaffolds resembling a ‘spongy bone’ with fluid absorbing capacity, easily sculptable to fit anatomically complex bone defects, biocompatible and osteoconductive in vitro, thus yielding potentially clinically viable for SBS alternatives in OMF surgery.

Investigation of synergistic effects of inductive and conductive factors in gelatin-based cryogels for bone tissue engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1827-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Tsung Liao ◽  
K. T. Shalumon ◽  
Kun-Hung Chang ◽  
Chialin Sheu ◽  
Jyh-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Synergistic Effects

Gelatin cryogels modified with nHAP and BMP-2 could provide cues to promote the osteogenesis of ADSCs in vitro and in vivo.

TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Wei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cartilage Tissue

Cartilage injuries may be caused by trauma, biomechanical imbalance, or degenerative changes of joint. Unfortunately, cartilage has limited capability to spontaneous repair once damaged and may lead to progressive damage and degeneration. Cartilage tissue-engineering techniques have emerged as the potential clinical strategies. An ideal tissue-engineering approach to cartilage repair should offer good integration into both the host cartilage and the subchondral bone. Cells, scaffolds, and growth factors make up the tissue engineering triad. One of the major challenges for cartilage tissue engineering is cell source and cell numbers. Due to the limitations of proliferation for mature chondrocytes, current studies have alternated to use stem cells as a potential source. In the recent years, a lot of novel biomaterials has been continuously developed and investigated in various in vitro and in vivo studies for cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, stimulatory factors such as bioactive molecules have been explored to induce or enhance cartilage formation. Growth factors and other additives could be added into culture media in vitro, transferred into cells, or incorporated into scaffolds for in vivo delivery to promote cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration.Based on the current development of cartilage tissue engineering, there exist challenges to overcome. How to manipulate the interactions between cells, scaffold, and signals to achieve the moderation of implanted composite differentiate into moderate stem cells to differentiate into hyaline cartilage to perform the optimum physiological and biomechanical functions without negative side effects remains the target to pursue.

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