scholarly journals Process Induced Skin-Core Morphology in Injection Molded Polyamide 66

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Yvonne Spoerer ◽  
René Androsch ◽  
Dieter Jehnichen ◽  
Ines Kuehnert
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Ray Scattering

Polyamide 66 (PA 66) was injection-molded to obtain samples with a structure gradient between skin and core, as it was revealed by analysis of the semi-crystalline morphology using polarized-light optical microscopy (POM). Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were employed to characterize thin sections with a thickness in the order of magnitude of 50 µm, allowing detection of crystals of different perfection, as a function of the distance from the surface. It was found that the transparent and non-spherulitic skin layer contains rather imperfect α-crystals while the perfection of α-crystals continuously increases with extending distance from the surface. Since variation of the molding conditions allows tailoring the skin-core morphology, the present study was performed to suggest a reliable route to map the presence of specific semi-crystalline morphologies in such samples.

Macroscopically homogeneous deformation in injection molded polypropylene induced by annealing studied with microbeam X-ray scattering

Polymer ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Matsui ◽  
Akinori Bando ◽  
Takashi Sakurai ◽  
Yuya Shinohara ◽  
Toshiya Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Deformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Nanocomposites of Au/Disentangled UHMWPE: A Combined Optical and Structural Study

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3225
Author(s):  
Stavros X. Drakopoulos ◽  
Oreste Tarallo ◽  
Linlin Guan ◽  
Ignacio Martin-Fabiani ◽  
Sara Ronca
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Absorbance ◽  
Entanglement Density ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

The term disentangled refers to polymers with fewer entanglements in the amorphous regions, a metastable condition that can significantly affect the material’s properties and processing behavior. The lower entanglement density in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (dis-UHMWPE) facilitates the solid-state processability into uniaxially-oriented specimens reaching very high draw ratios and crystallinities. In this study, Au/dis-UHMWPE nanocomposites were formulated and processed at variable draw ratios. Polarized light microscopy suggests gold nanoparticles are oriented in arrays following the drawing of polymer chains. The structural features, upon orientation, are studied by means of Raman spectroscopy, wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering, and near-infrared spectrophotometry. Crystallinity is found to increase by 15%, as calculated by wide-angle X-ray scattering. The change in optical absorbance in the visible spectrum indicates that, with orientation, the average size of gold aggregates increases, supported quantitatively by small-angle X-ray scattering. Since the gold nanoparticles are expected to be found within amorphous chain segments, the aforementioned findings are attributed to the increase of crystallinity and thus the decrease of available (amorphous) space.

Effect of Structural Inhomogeneity on Mechanical Behavior of Injection Molded Polypropylene Investigated with Microbeam X-ray Scattering

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Shinohara ◽  
Kosuke Yamazoe ◽  
Takashi Sakurai ◽  
Shuichi Kimata ◽  
Toshiya Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Structural Inhomogeneity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Ray Scattering

X-ray scattering from a thickness-modulated phase of lipid membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
S. Madhukar ◽  
V. A. Raghunathan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Least Squares Fit ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Modulated Phase ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Ray Scattering

An electron density model for small-angle X-ray scattering from a novel thickness-modulated phase of lipid membranes is presented, and analytical expressions are derived for the intensities of the diffraction peaks. Structural parameters of the membranes in this phase have been determined from a least-squares fit of the calculated intensities to the observed ones. The amplitude of the thickness modulation is found to be about an order of magnitude smaller than the membrane thickness, which accounts for the very small number and very weak intensities of the peaks arising from these modulations.

scholarly journals An X-ray scattering study of water-conditioned injection-molded starch during isothermal heating

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Cagiao ◽  
R. K. Bayer ◽  
D. R. Rueda ◽  
F. J. Baltá Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Isothermal Heating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals The GALAXIES inelastic hard X-ray scattering end-station at Synchrotron SOLEIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ablett ◽  
D. Prieur ◽  
D. Céolin ◽  
B. Lassalle-Kaiser ◽  
B. Lebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

GALAXIES is an in-vacuum undulator hard X-ray micro-focused beamline dedicated to the study of the electronic structure of materials with high energy resolution using both photoelectron spectroscopy and inelastic X-ray scattering and under both non-resonant (NR-IXS) and resonant (RIXS) conditions. Due to the penetrating power of hard X-rays and the `photon-in/photon-out' technique, the sample environment is not a limitation. Materials under extreme conditions, for example in diamond anvil cells or catalysis chambers, thus constitute a major research direction. Here, the design and performance of the inelastic X-ray scattering end-station that operates in the energy range from ∼4 keV up to 12 keV is reported, and its capabilities are highlighted using a selection of data taken from recently performed experiments. The ability to scan `on the fly' the incident and scattered/emitted X-ray energies, and the sample position enables fast data collection and high experimental throughput. A diamond X-ray transmission phase retarder, which can be used to generate circularly polarized light, will also be discussed in the light of the recent RIXS–MCD approach.

scholarly journals Studying nanostructure gradients in injection-molded polypropylene/montmorillonite composites by microbeam small-angle x-ray scattering

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 015004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Stribeck ◽  
Konrad Schneider ◽  
Ahmad Zeinolebadi ◽  
Xuke Li ◽  
Catalina-Gabriela Sanporean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Ray Scattering
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