scholarly journals Emerging Developments in the Use of Electrospun Fibers and Membranes for Protective Clothing Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Baji ◽  
Komal Agarwal ◽  
Sruthi Venugopal Oopath
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Good Protection ◽  
Protective Fabrics

There has been increased interest to develop protective fabrics and clothing for protecting the wearer from hazards such as chemical, biological, heat, UV, pollutants etc. Protective fabrics have been conventionally developed using a wide variety of techniques. However, these conventional protective fabrics lack breathability. For example, conventional protective fabrics offer good protection against water but have limited ability in removing the water vapor and moisture. Fibers and membranes fabricated using electrospinning have demonstrated tremendous potential to develop protective fabrics and clothing. These fabrics based on electrospun fibers and membranes have the potential to provide thermal comfort to the wearer and protect the wearer from wide variety of environmental hazards. This review highlights the emerging applications of electrospinning for developing such breathable and protective fabrics.

scholarly journals Effect of Fabric Layers on Thermal Comfort Properties of Multilayered Thermal Protective Fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selin Hanife Eryuruk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Thermal Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Comfort Properties ◽  
Layered Fabric ◽  
Protective Fabrics

Abstract Thermal protective clothings are produced from multilayered textile materials. Fabric layers need to allow enough evaporation of perspiration, ventilation, and also thermal protection from fire. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fabric layers and their different combinations on the thermal properties of multilayered fabric samples. Three-layered fabric combinations were created using two types of outer shell fabrics, four types of moisture barrier fabrics with membrane, and two types of thermal barrier fabrics. Sixteen different fabric combinations that simulate three-layered thermal protective clothing were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that thermal and moisture comfort properties were significantly affected by different fabric layers.

Evaluation of thermal, moisture management and sensorial comfort properties of superabsorbent polyacrylate fabrics for the next-to-skin layer in firefighters’ protective clothing

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkishore Nayak ◽  
Sinnappoo Kanesalingam ◽  
Shadi Houshyar ◽  
Lijing Wang ◽  
Rajiv Padhye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Fabric Sample

This research investigated the transport properties (such as thermal resistance, water vapor resistance and air permeability), moisture management capacity and sensorial properties of some knitted structures of superabsorbent polyacrylate in order to explore their potential as next-to-skin layers in firefighters’ protective clothing in Australia. Test results using these fabrics were compared with the currently used next-to-skin woven fabric. Three different knitted structures (i.e. jersey, rib and interlock) were selected for the study in addition to the current woven fabric in use by Australian firefighters. It was observed that the knitted fabric samples of superabsorbent polyacrylate retained higher amounts of water compared to the fabric sample currently used in the firefighters’ clothing. However, the woven fabric sample dried at a faster rate. Hence, a blended fabric of polyacrylate with the current Nomex® fabric can help in higher sweat absorption and faster drying. The thermal and water vapor resistance of jersey fabric was the lowest, which may better facilitate the transfer of metabolic heat and vapor to the environment, resulting in better thermal comfort. Furthermore, all the fabric samples showed a low coefficient of friction (∼0.2), which indicated less tactile discomfort if the fabrics are worn as the next-to-skin layer in the firefighters’ clothing. The overall moisture management properties of the fabric samples were rated as fair to good. The findings of this research suggest that the superabsorbent material has the potential to be used in place of the existing next-to-skin layer of firefighters’ protective clothing, with better sweat absorption capacity and thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Knitted Structures Produced by Engineered Polyester Yarns and Their Blends in Terms of Thermal Comfort

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Oğlakcioğlu ◽  
Ahmet Çay ◽  
Arzu Marmarali ◽  
Emel Mert
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Thermal Comfort Properties ◽  
Knitted Structure ◽  
Drying Properties

Engineered yarns are used to provide better clothing comfort for summer garments because of their high levels of moisture and water vapor management. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of knitted structures that were produced using different types of polyester yarns in order to achieve better thermal comfort properties for summer clothing. However they are relatively expensive. Therefore, in this study engineered polyester yarns were combined with cotton and lyocell yarns by plying. This way, the pronounced characteristics of these yarns were added to the knitted structure as well. Channeled polyester, hollow polyester, channeled/hollow blended polyester, cotton, and lyocell yarns were plied with each other and themselves. Then, single jersey structures were knitted using these ply yarn combinations and air permeability, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, water vapor permeability, moisture management, and drying properties were tested. The results indicate that channeled PES fabrics are advantageous for hot climates and high physical activities with regards to high permeability and moisture transfer and also to fast drying properties. Besides, air permeability and thermal properties improved through the combination of lyocell yarn with engineered polyester yarns. However, the use of lyocell or cotton with engineered yarns resulted in a to a decrease in moisture management properties and an increase in drying times

scholarly journals Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining—a thermal manikin and questionnaire study

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsi JUSSILA ◽  
Sirkka RISSANEN ◽  
Anna AMINOFF ◽  
Jens WAHLSTRÖM ◽  
Arild VAKTSKJOLD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Thermal Manikin

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort Properties of Clothing Fabrics Woven with Polyester/Cotton Blend Yarns

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Thermal Comfort Properties ◽  
Fabric Construction ◽  
Twill Weave

Abstract In this research, thermal and water vapor resistance, components of thermal comfort of 65/35 and 33/67% polyester/ cotton (PES/CO) blend fabrics woven with 2/2 twill, matt twill, cellular and diced weaves, which are commonly used for clothing, were determined. The results indicate that both the fabric construction and the constituent fiber properties affect thermal comfort properties of clothing woven fabrics. Cellular weave, which is derivative of sateen weave and diced weave, which is compound weave, has the highest thermal resistance appropriating for cold climatic conditions. On the other hand, the 2/2 twill weave and matt twill weave, which is derivative of sateen weave, depicted the lowest water vapor thermal resistance, making it convenient for hot climatic conditions. Besides, fabrics woven with 65/35% PES/CO blend yarns have higher thermal resistance, so they are suitable for cold climatic conditions. Fabrics woven with 33/67% PES/CO blend yarns have lower water vapor resistance, so they are convenient for hot climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Air Gap Entrapped in Firefighter Protective Clothing on Thermal Resistance and Evaporative Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualing He ◽  
Zhicai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Vapor Transfer ◽  
Thermal Protective Clothing ◽  
Fabric System ◽  
Water Vapor Transfer

Abstract Heat and water vapor transfer behavior of thermal protective clothing is greatly influenced by the air gap entrapped in multilayer fabric system. In this study, a sweating hot plate method was used to investigate the effect of air gap position and size on thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of firefighter clothing under a range of ambient temperature and humidity. Results indicated that the presence of air gap in multilayer fabric system decreased heat and water vapor transfer abilities under normal wear. Moreover, the air gap position slightly influenced the thermal and evaporative performances of the firefighter clothing. In this study, the multilayer fabric system obtained the highest thermal resistance, when the air space was located at position B. Furthermore, the effect of ambient temperature on heat and water vapor transfer properties of the multilayer fabric system was also investigated in the presence of a specific air gap. It was indicated that ambient temperature did not influence the evaporative resistance of thermal protective clothing. A thermographic image was used to test the surface temperature of multilayer fabric system when an air gap was incorporated. These results suggested that a certain air gap entrapped in thermal protective clothing system could affect wear comfort.

scholarly journals Analysis of thermal properties, water vapor resistance and radiant heat transmission through different combinations of firefighter protective clothing

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (06) ◽  
pp. 458-465
Author(s):  
NAEEM JAWAD ◽  
ADNAN MAZARI ◽  
AKCAGUN ENGIN ◽  
HAVELKA ANTONIN ◽  
KUS ZDENEK
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Heat Flux Density ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Firefighter Protective Clothing ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Different Levels

This experimental work is an effort to seek the possibility of improvement in thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing at different levels of heat flux density. Improvement in thermal protective performance means enhancement in the time of exposure against the heat flux, which will provide extra time to firefighters to perform their duties without suffering from severe injuries. Four different multilayer combinations of firefighter protective clothing were investigated. Each combination consists of outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal liner. Aerogel sheet was also employed as a substitute to thermal barrier. Initially, properties like thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, and water vapor resistance of multilayer fabric assemblies were investigated. Later on these combinations were exposed to different levels of radiant heat flux density i.e. at 10, 20 and 30 kW/m2 as per ISO 6942 standard. It was noted that those combinations in which aerogel blanket was used as thermal barrier acquire greater thermal resistance, water vapor resistance and have less transmitted heat flux density values.

Barrier Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Films

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Xu ◽  
J. L. Mead ◽  
S. A. Orroth ◽  
R. G. Stacer ◽  
Q. T. Truong
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Fluid Resistance ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission ◽  
Chemical Protective Clothing

Abstract One application of barrier materials is chemical protective clothing. A variety of chemical protective clothing options are currently available, but many of the barrier materials combine good fluid resistance with high resistance to moisture vapor transport. This generates heat stress to the wearer. For certain applications it is desirable to find materials which are elastic, easy to process, and comfortable to use, while still having good fluid resistance. Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) represent a developing family of materials that may provide an answer to those requirements, but have not been thoroughly investigated for this application. In this work, commercially available thermoplastic elastomers and their blends were evaluated. Film samples were prepared by either extrusion or compression molding, and their barrier properties evaluated in terms of water vapor transmission, fluid vapor transmission, and fluid absorption. Films prepared from a polyester TPE showed the highest water vapor transport. Blends of the polyester TPE with more fluid resistant TPEs offered protection with enhanced water vapor transport. These results indicate that blends of TPEs can be tailored to offer fluid/vapor protection with significant improvements in water vapor transmission. For some fluids these materials offer even better protection, with enhanced water vapor transmission, than currently available materials.

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