scholarly journals Initial Analysis on the Characteristics and Synthesis of Exopolysaccharides from Sclerotium rolfsii with Different Sugars as Carbon Sources

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Jia Song ◽  
Yu-Xiang Jia ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
Xiao-Yu Zhang ◽  
Lin-Na Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ft Ir

Scleroglucan is widely used in the food and chemical industries because of its good rheological property, stability, and emulsification activity. To investigate the influence of different carbon sources on the properties and synthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPS), the three EPSs (GEPS, glucose was used as the carbon source; LEPS, lactose was used as the carbon source; and SEPS, sucrose was used as the carbon source) were determined, respectively. It was found that the yield and viscosity of exopolysaccharides were different. When sucrose and glucose were used as the carbon sources, the viscosity and yield of EPS were both higher than lactose. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the three EPSs had different morphologies, but the monosaccharide analysis showed that they were all composed of glucose units. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) proved that there were no additional substituents for the three EPSs. Furthermore, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that SEPS and LEPS had two fractions. Through the analysis of proteomics data, there were few differences in the metabolic pathways between GEPS and SEPS, but a significant difference between LEPS and SEPS. Our study provides a theoretical basis and reference for understanding the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides and the development of different types of EPS products.

Effect of carbon source on Phenobarbital metabolism by Rhizopus stolonifer

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027
Author(s):  
Kavitha K ◽  
Asha S ◽  
Hima Bindu T.V.L ◽  
Vidyavathi M
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Microbial Model

The safety and efficacy of a drug is based on its metabolism or metabolite formed. The metabolism of drugs can be studied by different in vitro models, among which microbial model became popular. In the present study, eight microbes were screened for their ability to metabolize phenobarbital in a manner comparable to humans with a model to develop alternative systems to study human drug metabolism. Among the different microbes screened, a filamentous fungi Rhizopus stolonifer metabolized phenobarbital to its metabolite which is used for further pharmacological and toxicological studies. The transformation of phenobarbital was identified by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Interestingly, Rhizopus stolonifer sample showed an extra metabolite peak at 3.11min. compared to its controls. The influence of different carbon sources in media used for growth of fungus, on metabolite production was studied, to find its effect in production of metabolite as the carbon source may influence the growth of the cell.

Development of mutants of Gliocladium virens tolerant to benomyl

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Papavizas ◽  
D. P. Roberts ◽  
K. K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Rhizosphere Competence ◽  
Filter Paper Cellulase ◽  
Type Strains

Aqueous suspensions of conidia of Gliocladium virens strains Gl-3 and Gl-21 were exposed to both ultraviolet radiation and ethyl methanesulfonate. Two mutants of Gl-3 and three of Gl-21 were selected for tolerance to benomyl at 10 μg∙mL−1, as indicated by growth and conidial germination on benomyl-amended potato dextrose agar. The mutants differed considerably from their respective wild-type strains in appearance, growth habit, sporulation, carbon-source utilization, and enzyme activity profiles. Of 10 carbon sources tested, cellobiose, xylose, and xylan were the best for growth, galactose and glucose were intermediate, and arabinose, ribose, and rhamnose were poor sources of carbon. The wild-type strains and the mutants did not utilize cellulose as the sole carbon source for growth. Two benomyl-tolerant mutants of Gl-3 produced less cellulase (β-1,4-glucosidase, carboxymethylcellulase, filter-paper cellulase) than Gl-3. In contrast, mutants of Gl-21 produced more cellulase than the wild-type strain. Only Gl-3 provided control of blight on snapbean caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Wild-type strain Gl-21 and all mutants from both strains were ineffective biocontrol agents. Key words: Gliocladium, benomyl tolerance, Sclerotium, rhizosphere competence.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Effects of Chiral Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Microorganisms by Metabolic Fingerprinting

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2075-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma S. Wharfe ◽  
Catherine L. Winder ◽  
Roger M. Jarvis ◽  
Royston Goodacre
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aquatic Microorganisms ◽  
Chiral Pharmaceuticals ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT The effects of the chiral pharmaceuticals atenolol and propranolol on Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, and Blastomonas natatoria were investigated. The growth dynamics of exposed cultures were monitored using a Bioscreen instrument. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy with appropriate chemometrics and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed in order to investigate the phenotypic changes and possible degradation of the drugs in exposed cultures. For the majority of the bacteria studied there was not a statistically significant difference in the organism's phenotype when it was exposed to the different enantiomers or mixtures of enantiomers. In contrast, the pseudomonads appeared to respond differently to propranolol, and the two enantiomers had different effects on the cellular phenotype. This implies that there were different metabolic responses in the organisms when they were exposed to the different enantiomers. We suggest that our findings may indicate that there are widespread effects on aquatic communities in which active pharmaceutical ingredients are present.

scholarly journals Comparison of methods for the identification and sub-typing of O157 and non-O157 Escherichia coli serotypes and their integration into a polyphasic taxonomy approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Prieto-Calvo ◽  
M.K. Omer ◽  
O. Alvseike ◽  
M. López ◽  
A. Alvarez-Ordóñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractPhenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data from 12 strains ofEscherichia coli werecollected, including carbon source utilisation profiles, ribotypes, sequencing data of the 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed region (ITS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic profiles. The objectives were to compare several identification systems forE. coliand to develop and test a polyphasic taxonomic approach using the four methodologies combined for the sub-typing of O157 and non-O157E. coli. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S–23S rRNA ITS regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced and compared with reference data available at the GenBank database using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) . Additional information comprising the utilisation of carbon sources, riboprint profiles and FT-IR spectra was also collected. The capacity of the methods for the identification and typing ofE. colito species and subspecies levels was evaluated. Data were transformed and integrated to present polyphasic hierarchical clusters and relationships. The study reports the use of an integrated scheme comprising phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic information (carbon source profile, sequencing of the 16S–23S rRNA ITS, ribotyping and FT-IR spectroscopy) for a more precise characterisation and identification ofE. coli. The results showed that identification ofE. colistrains by each individual method was limited mainly by the extension and quality of reference databases. On the contrary, the polyphasic approach, whereby heterogeneous taxonomic data were combined and weighted, improved the identification results, gave more consistency to the final clustering and provided additional information on the taxonomic structure and phenotypic behaviour of strains, as shown by the close clustering of strains with similar stress resistance patterns.

scholarly journals Multi-Technique Investigation of Grave Robes from 17th and 18th Century Crypts Using Combined Spectroscopic, Spectrometric Techniques, and New-Generation Sequencing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska ◽  
Marek Ślebioda ◽  
Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska ◽  
Martyna Mroczyńska ◽  
Jakub Karczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
New Generation Sequencing ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The textile fragments of the funeral clothes found in the 17th and 18th century crypts were subjected to spectroscopic, spectrometric, and microbial investigation. The next-generation sequencing enabled DNA identification of microorganisms at the genus and in five cases to the species level. The soft hydrofluoric acid extraction method was optimized to isolate different classes of dyes from samples that had direct contact with human remains. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode matrix and tandem mass spectrometry detectors with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) enabled the detection and identification of 34 colourants that are present in historical textiles. Some of them are thus far unknown and uncommon dyes. Indigo, madder, cochineal, turmeric, tannin-producing plant, and young fustic were identified as sources of dyes in textiles. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to identify and characterize fibres and mordants in funeral gowns. Of the 23 textile samples tested, 19 were silk while the remaining four were recognized as wool. The presence of iron, aluminium, sodium, and calcium suggests that they were used as mordants. Traces of copper, silica, and magnesium might originate from the contaminants. The large amount of silver indicated the presence of metal wire in one of the dyed silk textiles. SEM images showed that textile fibres were highly degraded.

scholarly journals “Metabolic contest”, a new way to control carbon source preference

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Allmann ◽  
Marion Wargnies ◽  
Edern Cahoreau ◽  
Marc Biran ◽  
Nicolas Plazolles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Glycerol Kinase ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Subcellular Compartment ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
The Right

SUMMARYMicroorganisms must make the right choice for nutrient consumption to adapt to their changing environment. As a consequence, bacteria and yeasts have developed regulatory mechanisms involving nutrient sensing and signaling, allowing to redirect cell metabolism to maximize the consumption of an energy-efficient carbon source. Here, we report a new mechanism, named “metabolic contest”, for regulating the use of carbon sources without nutrient sensing and signaling. In contrast to most microorganisms, trypanosomes show a glycerol-to-glucose preference that depends on the combination of three conditions: (i) the sequestration of both metabolic pathways in the same subcellular compartment, here in the peroxisomal-like organelles named glycosomes; (ii) the competition for the same substrate, here ATP, with the first enzymatic step of the glycerol and glucose metabolic pathways being both ATP-dependent (glycerol kinase and hexokinase, respectively) and (iii) an unbalanced activity between the competing enzymes, here the glycerol kinase activity being ~80-fold higher than the hexokinase activity.

Effect on the Characteristic and Properties of Carbon Coated LiFePO4/C Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
Yu Li Zhang ◽  
Zhi Jian Liu ◽  
Jian Hua Xia ◽  
Xi Lin ◽  
Lu Xing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Tap Density ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Carbon Coated

LiFePO4/C composite with different types of organic carbon sources has been synthesized by carbon thermal reduction technique. The physical characteristics and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C composite have been studied compared with commercial products. It is shown that good carbon-coated LiFePO4/C composite can be obtained with 13wt.% glucose as carbon source, which has effected on the good processing performance due to its suitable specific surface area of 26.3m2/g and high tap density of 1.3g/cm3. Furthermore, it has contributed to the high-rate electrochemical property with discharge capacity of 128mAh/g at 1C (1C=170 mAh/g).

scholarly journals Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced by Contaminated Soil Bacteria using Wastewater and Glucose as Carbon Sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1605-1611
Author(s):  
S Munir ◽  
N Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pha Production ◽  
Different Sources

Purpose: To isolate polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-producing bacterial strains from contaminated soil using industrial wastewater and glucose as carbon soured by Macrogen sequencing. Two different sources, namely, glucose and wastewater were used to ces.Methods: The strains were isolated and identified as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium and Stenotrophomonas using biochemical tests and further confirmevaluate and  compare the use of wastewater as a carbon source for PHA production. The biomass obtained was analyzed by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) to identify the presence of PHA in it. Afterwards, PHA extraction was carried out and then gas chromatography (GC) performed to identify PHA monomers.Results: Utilization of glucose resulted in the production of PHB, while wastewater yielded copolymers poly-3 hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyvalerate P(3HB-co-3HV) due to its content of volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, which led to the production of different types of polymers. The maximum PHA production was 41 ± 0.22 % obtained for Stenotrophomonas (SM03) using 2 % glucose as carbon source while for wastewater, maximum production was achieved by the Pseudomonas strain (SM01).Conclusion: Wastewater is produced in large quantities daily during various activities and therefore can be used as a cheap carbon source for the production of valuable products such as PHA.Keywords: Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Wastewater, Glucose, Pseudomonas strain, Stenotrophomonas

scholarly journals Production of Succinic Acid: Effects of C:N Ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Araujo Gonzales ◽  
Lucielen Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Beatriz Torsani Ubeda ◽  
Ranulfo Monte Alegre ◽  
Rosana Goldbeck
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Initial Carbon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Succinic Acid Production

In this work, the effects of different carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios, carbon source and initial carbon concentration, in liquid medium used for submerged fermentation, on biomass growth, succinic acid production and yield of product in substrate (YP/S) were studied. It was used three carbon sources as substrate such as glucose, xylose and sucrose and the C:N ratios studied were in the range of 2.5-35. The succinic acid production was best at a C:N ratio of 12.5:1, as much for the succinic acid production as for the yield of product in relation to the substrate (YP/S). For the biomass growth the C:N ratios of 2.5:1, 5:1 and 10:1 had only presented significant difference with regards to the too much assays. The substrate that presents the best results was the glucose with succinic acid concentrations up to 7.5 g.L-1.

scholarly journals Development of New High-Performance Biphenyl and Terphenyl Derivatives as Versatile Photoredox Photoinitiating Systems and Their Applications in 3D Printing Photopolymerization Processes

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomal ◽  
Pilch ◽  
Chachaj-Brekiesz ◽  
Ortyl
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Iodonium Salt

Novel 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were proposed as photosensitizes of iodonium salt for a highly effective bimolecular photoinitiating system upon soft irradiation conditions under long-wave ultraviolet (UV-A) and visible light. Remarkably, these structures are highly versatile, allowing access to photoinitiating systems for the free-radical polymerization of acrylates, the cationic photopolymerization of epoxides, glycidyl, and vinyl ethers, the synthesis of interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) and the thiol-ene photopolymerization processes. Excellent polymerization profiles for all of the monomers, along with the high final conversions, were obtained. The initiation mechanisms of these bimolecular systems based on the 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were investigated using the real-time FT-IR technique, steady-state photolysis, fluorescence experiments, theoretical calculations of molecular orbitals, and electrochemical analysis. Moreover, the 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were investigated as a type II free-radical photoinitiator with amine. It was confirmed that the 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives, in combination with different types of additives, e.g., amine as co-initiator or in the presence of onium salt, can act as a bimolecular photoinitiating system via the photo-reduction or photo-oxidation pathways, respectively.

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