scholarly journals Profiling of Chemical and Structural Composition of Lignocellulosic Biomasses in Tetraploid Rice Straw

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Zhixiong Chen ◽  
Jiajun Chen ◽  
Jiawei Huang ◽  
Huiling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Cellulose Crystallinity ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Enzyme Efficiency ◽  
G Ratio

The improvement of the saccharification of rice straw is one of the strategies to reduce the sophisticated pretreatment that results in high cost and is unfriendly to the environment. We explored the cell wall features in tetraploid rice and highlighted the enhanced saccharification of tetraploid with large biomass. Results showed that lignin content and S/G ratio reduced to 17.09% and 0.37, respectively, in tetraploid straw by the determination of the pyGC-MS method. After the pretreatment, the cellulose crystallinity index decreased from 63.22% to 57.65% in tetraploid straw, which is lower than that of pretreated diploid straw. Surface topological analysis of SEM images indicated that tetraploid straw was more susceptible to the pretreatment. Tetraploid straw showed a strong advantage in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzyme efficiency reached the highest value of 77.60%, and the rate of enzyme reaction was improved to make the reaction saturated earlier than conventional rice. We concluded that the high saccharification has resulted from the alteration of lignin and cellulose in tetraploid rice. Our research provides an improved green feedstock for bioenergy, and the tetraploid rice straw shows the potential utilization value in bioethanol production.

scholarly journals The study of patterns of influence of alkali treatment on properties of organosolvent cellulose from straw of rice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Вураско ◽  
Е.И. Симонова ◽  
А.Р. Минакова ◽  
Д.Д. Манойлович
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Color Determination ◽  
Visual Color

Получение доступных сорбентов на основе природных материалов, для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах является актуальным направлением исследований. Сорбенты на основе технической целлюлозы удовлетворяют этим требованиям. В работе для получения технической целлюлозы предложено использовать биомассу соломы риса. Для удаления из соломы риса минерального компонента при проведении окислительно-органосольвентной варки используют стадию щелочной обработки, которая приводит к деструкции полисахаридов, снижая выход технической целлюлозы. В связи с этим целью работы является изучение закономерностей проведения щелочной обработки соломы риса для максимального сохранения высокого выхода технической целлюлозы, извлечения минеральной части и возможности применения данной целлюлозы в качестве колористического сорбента. С учетом предварительных исследований найдены оптимальные значения технологических факторов, обеспечивающих высокий выход волокнистого материала из соломы риса при минимальном содержании в нем минеральных компонентов. Последующая органосольвентная варка позволяет получить техническую целлюлозу с выходом – 48,8% от абсолютно сухого сырья (а.с.с), зольностью 0,05% от а.с.с., содержанием лигнина 2,5% от а.с.с., удовлетворительными прочностными характеристиками, высокими сорбционными свойствами, необходимой белизной и рН водной вытяжки. Выявлено, что техническая целлюлоза из соломы риса содержит металлы, накопленные биомассой за вегетативный период. Щелочная обработка и окислительно-органосольвентная делигнификация в большинстве случаев приводят к снижению концентрации металлов в технической целлюлозе. Исключение составляют алюминий, железо и свинец, содержание которых в технической целлюлозе увеличивается. Таким образом, целлюлоза, полученная в оптимальных условиях щелочной обработки и последующей окислительно-органосольвентной варки из соломы риса, с учетом содержащихся в ней металлов, пригодна для использования в качестве сорбента для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах. Receive available sorbents based on natural materials for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in contaminated natural and waste waters is a topical area of research. Sorbents on the basis of technical cellulose satisfy these requirements. In the process of obtaining technical cellulose is proposed to use biomass straw rice. Removal of straw rice mineral component when carrying out the oxidation-organosolvent use the cooking stage alkali treatment, which leads to degradation of polysaccharides, reducing the output of technical cellulose. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study the regularities of the alkaline treatment of rice straw for maximum preservation of the high output technical cellulose, extracting the mineral and the possibility of using the cellulose as the colour of the sorbent. Taking into account the preliminary studies, optimal conditions of technological factors were found ensuring a high yield of fibrous material from rice straw with a minimum content of mineral components in it. Subsequent organosolvent pulping yields technical pulp with a yield of 48.8% bone dry raw material (BDRM), an mineral ash content of 0.05% of BDRM, a lignin content of 2.5% of BDRM, satisfactory strength properties, high sorption properties, the necessary whiteness and pH of aqueous extract. It is revealed that the technical cellulose from straw of rice contains metals accumulated biomass during the vegetation period. Alkaline treatment and oxidative-organosolvent the delignification in most cases leads to a decrease of metal concentrations in pulp technical. With the exception of aluminum, iron and lead, the content of which is technical cellulose increases. Thus, cellulose obtained in optimum conditions of alkaline treatment and subsequent oxidation-organosolvent pulping of straw of rice, taking into account the contained metals suitable for use as a sorbent for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in polluted natural and sewage waters.

scholarly journals Microwave Assisted Alkali Pretreatment of Rice Straw for Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Singh ◽  
Sapna Tiwari ◽  
Monika Srivastava ◽  
Ashish Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Enzymatic Digestibility ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment

Rapid industrialization, increasing energy demand, and climate change are the conditions that forced the researchers to develop a clean, efficient, renewable, and sustainable source of energy which has a potential to replace fossil fuels. Ethanol is one of the attractive and suitable renewable energy resources. In present study, effectiveness of microwave pretreatment in combination with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for increasing enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw has been investigated and under optimum conditions obtained a maximum reducing sugar (1334.79 µg/mL) through microwave assisted NaOH pretreatment. Chemical composition analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and silicon content is more in microwave assisted NaOH pretreatment than the blank sample. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity index of rice straw treated with microwave assisted alkali (54.55%) is significantly high as compared to the blank (49.07%). Hence, the present study proves that microwave assisted alkali pretreatment can effectively enhance enzymatic digestibility of rice straw and it is feasible to convert rice straw for bioethanol production.

scholarly journals Determination of the Effects of Superheated Steam on Microstructure and Micromechanical Properties of Bamboo Cell Walls Using Quasi-Static Nanoindentation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1742
Author(s):  
Tiancheng Yuan ◽  
Xiaorong Liu ◽  
Youming Dong ◽  
Xinzhou Wang ◽  
Yanjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micromechanical Properties

In this paper, quasi-static nanoindentation was applied for investigating the influence of superheated steam on microstructure and micromechanical properties of Moso bamboo cell walls. The changes of mico-morphology, chemical composition, cellulose crystallinity index, micro-mechanical properties of bamboo were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nanoindentation. As expected, the content of hemicellulose and cellulose showed a downward trend, whereas the relative lignin content increased. Elastic modulus and hardness of the cell wall increased compared with that of the untreated sample. The elastic modulus and hardness of bamboo increased from 11.5 GPa to 19.5 GPa and from 0.35 GPa to 0.59 GPa. Furthermore, results showed that the creep resistance positively correlated to treatment severity.

scholarly journals Determination of the Conservation State of Some Documents Written on Cellulosic Support in the Poni-Cernătescu Museum, Iași City in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8726
Author(s):  
Oana Florescu ◽  
Robert Hrițac ◽  
Maria Haulică ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
Ioana Stănculescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Cellulose Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preservation And Restoration ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Ft Raman

An important step in the conservation of old paper documents is the analysis of both the medium and the ink, in an attempt first to determine the extent of deterioration and degradation and then to choose the best preservation and restoration solutions. Our paper focuses on the analysis of three old documents displayed at the ‘Poni-Cernătescu’ Museum in Iaşi City, Romania by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), micro-FTIR spectroscopy and FT-Raman. Thus, the morphology and chemical composition of the paper media and the type of ink, as well as the cellulose crystallinity index were determined. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) was also used while relying on spectra collected by FTIR spectroscopy. We were able to determine the extent of degradation of the documents by corroborating all these findings.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sugarcane Straw Aging in the Field on Cell Wall Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Pagliuso ◽  
Adriana Grandis ◽  
Cristiane Ribeiro de Sousa ◽  
Amanda Pereira de Souza ◽  
Carlos Driemeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Cellulose Crystallinity ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Cell Wall Disassembly

Cellulosic ethanol is an alternative for increasing the amount of bioethanol production in the world. In Brazil, sugarcane leads the bioethanol production, and to improve its yield, besides bagasse, sugarcane straw is a possible feedstock. However, the process that leads to cell wall disassembly under field conditions is unknown, and understanding how this happens can improve sugarcane biorefinery and soil quality. In the present work, we aimed at studying how sugarcane straw is degraded in the field after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Non-structural and structural carbohydrates, lignin content, ash, and cellulose crystallinity were analyzed. The cell wall composition was determined by cell wall fractionation and determination of monosaccharide composition. Non-structural carbohydrates degraded quickly during the first 3 months in the field. Pectins and lignin remained in the plant waste for up to 12 months, while the hemicelluloses and cellulose decreased 7.4 and 12.4%, respectively. Changes in monosaccharide compositions indicated solubilization of arabinoxylan (xylose and arabinose) and β-glucans (β-1,3 1,4 glucan; after 3 months) followed by degradation of cellulose (after 6 months). Despite cellulose reduction, the xylose:glucose ratio increased, suggesting that glucose is consumed faster than xylose. The degradation and solubilization of the cell wall polysaccharides concomitantly increased the level of compounds related to recalcitrance, which led to a reduction in saccharification and an increase in minerals and ash contents. Cellulose crystallinity changed little, with evidence of silica at the latter stages, indicating mineralization of the material. Our data suggest that for better soil mineralization, sugarcane straw must stay in the field for over 1 year. Alternatively, for bioenergy purposes, straw should be used in less than 3 months.

Rapid, Microscale, Acetyl Bromide-Based Method for High-Throughput Determination of Lignin Content in Arabidopsis thaliana

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 6825-6834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Feng Chang ◽  
Richard Chandra ◽  
Thomas Berleth ◽  
Rodger P. Beatson
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Acetyl Bromide

Study on the Rice Straw Pretreated with NaOH for Biogasification

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Jia You Li ◽  
Xiao Mei Ye ◽  
Jian Xing Yu ◽  
Li Ling Cai ◽  
Shan Ming Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment ◽  
Main Factors

In this study, Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface analysis (RSA) methodology were employed to plan experiments and optimize the NaOH pretreatment of rice straw. Experimental results showed that concentration of NaOH (CS), treatment time (TT) and ratio of rice straw with NaOH (RS) were main factors governing the biogasification of rice straw. The polynomial equation describing the biogasification as a simultaneous function of the CS, TT and RS was confirmed. The FTIR analysis and SEM images of straws further confirmed that NaOH could disrupt the silicified waxy surface, break down the lignin-hemicellulose complex and partially remove silicon and lignin from the pretreated rice straw.

scholarly journals Production of fiberboard from rice straw thermomechanical extrudates by thermopressing: influence of fiber morphology, water and lignin content

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyna Theng ◽  
Gerard Arbat ◽  
Marc Delgado-Aguilar ◽  
Bunthan Ngo ◽  
Laurent Labonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fiber Morphology

scholarly journals A New Test of Filterability for Unprocessed Wines Evaluation of the Enzyme Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Amélie Vallet-Courbin ◽  
Soizic Lacampagne ◽  
Rose Marie Canal-Llauberes ◽  
Sigolène Mattalana Malzieu ◽  
Tihomir Kanev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Enzyme Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

A new Test of Filterability has been developed. Measurements carried out with different types of wines indicate that the new filterability index is a useful tool for understanding and predicting the propensity to fouling of treated or untreated wines, e.g. with or without enzyme addition. The measurement method used in the Test of Filterability, requires only one type of membrane for all types of wine, and uses the same equipment as the traditional Fouling Index. Numerous trials have demonstrated that the filtration of wines is governed by standard blocking law. The definition of the new Test of Filterability, based on this filtration law, is proposed. The choice of membrane and the selection of the optimal pore size were based on the results of the experiments. Current methods used for the determination of fouling properties in wine filtration have been developed for the membrane filtration of small quantities of suspended matter. Enzyme treatment is a process often used in wine clarification. The new Test of Filterability indicates the best conditions for the filtration of all types of wines. The test is easy to implement and has been validated with various wines. This new Test of Filterability is an important tool for winemakers as it constitutes a simplified test of a wine's filterability. The new test may also be used to determine the filtration process that is best adapted to each wine while reducing the number of operations. The same approach may be adopted for the filtration of other liquids. 

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