scholarly journals Xanthan Gum–Konjac Glucomannan Blend Hydrogel for Wound Healing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Alves ◽  
Sónia P. Miguel ◽  
André R.T.S. Araujo ◽  
María José de Jesús Valle ◽  
Amparo Sánchez Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Application ◽  
High Water Content

Hydrogels are considered to be the most ideal materials for the production of wound dressings since they display a three-dimensional structure that mimics the native extracellular matrix of skin as well as a high-water content, which confers a moist environment at the wound site. Until now, different polymers have been used, alone or blended, for the production of hydrogels aimed for this biomedical application. From the best of our knowledge, the application of a xanthan gum–konjac glucomannan blend has not been used for the production of wound dressings. Herein, a thermo-reversible hydrogel composed of xanthan gum–konjac glucomannan (at different concentrations (1% and 2% w/v) and ratios (50/50 and 60/40)) was produced and characterized. The obtained data emphasize the excellent physicochemical and biological properties of the produced hydrogels, which are suitable for their future application as wound dressings.

scholarly journals Design Strategies of Conductive Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5296
Author(s):  
Junpeng Xu ◽  
Yu-Liang Tsai ◽  
Shan-hui Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Conductive Hydrogel ◽  
Biomedical Field

Conductive hydrogel, with electroconductive properties and high water content in a three-dimensional structure is prepared by incorporating conductive polymers, conductive nanoparticles, or other conductive elements, into hydrogel systems through various strategies. Conductive hydrogel has recently attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field. Using different conductivity strategies, conductive hydrogel can have adjustable physical and biochemical properties that suit different biomedical needs. The conductive hydrogel can serve as a scaffold with high swelling and stimulus responsiveness to support cell growth in vitro and to facilitate wound healing, drug delivery and tissue regeneration in vivo. Conductive hydrogel can also be used to detect biomolecules in the form of biosensors. In this review, we summarize the current design strategies of conductive hydrogel developed for applications in the biomedical field as well as the perspective approach for integration with biofabrication technologies.

Three Dimensional structure and organization of diploid chromosomes by optical section microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 633-635
Author(s):  
David A. Agard ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka ◽  
John W. Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Structures

In an effort to understand the complex relationship between structure and biological function within the nucleus, we have embarked on a program to examine the three-dimensional structure and organization of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic chromosomes. Our overall goal is to determine how DNA and proteins are organized into complex and highly dynamic structures (chromosomes) and how these chromosomes are arranged in three dimensional space within the cell nucleus. Futher, we hope to be able to correlate structual data with such fundamental biological properties as stage in the mitotic cell cycle, developmental state and transcription at specific gene loci.Towards this end, we have been developing methodologies for the three-dimensional analysis of non-crystalline biological specimens using optical and electron microscopy. We feel that the combination of these two complementary techniques allows an unprecedented look at the structural organization of cellular components ranging in size from 100A to 100 microns.

Fiber Filled Hybrid Hydrogel for Bio-Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
MD Habib ◽  
Bashir Khoda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Abstract The extrusion based three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing deposits cell-laden bio-ink with high spatial resolution and may offer living tissue regeneration. Due to the biocompatibility, very low cytotoxicity, and high-water content, natural hydrogels are commonly considered as the cell-laden bio-ink for scaffold fabrication. However, due to the low mechanical integrity, a large-scale scaffold (> 10 layers) with intricate architecture is a challenge. In this paper, we developed and characterize a novel bio-ink consisting of alginate, CMC, and TO-NFC for bio-printing applications. The potential of cellulose derivatives in terms of rheological property to satisfy scaffold architecture and cell viability is explored with a relatively small amount of solid content (<5%). By combining alginate, CMC, and TO-NFC as a hybrid hydrogel, we design to overcome their individual challenges as bio-ink. At the design stage, we have considered two main characteristics, printability and shape fidelity with quantitative indices. We studied the rheological characteristics for determining the suitable composition for extrusion bio-printing. Our investigation suggests an optimal material composition that can print 42 layers and a 9 mm tall scaffold structure. The proposed hybrid hydrogel is used to prepare bio-ink encapsulating cells and cell viability is measured as 90% after 10 days of incubation.

Zona Pellucida Proteins, Fibrils, and Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 695-715
Author(s):  
Eveline S. Litscher ◽  
Paul M. Wassarman
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Preimplantation Development ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
N Terminus

The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix that surrounds all mammalian oocytes, eggs, and early embryos and plays vital roles during oogenesis, fertilization, and preimplantation development. The ZP is composed of three or four glycosylated proteins, ZP1–4, that are synthesized, processed, secreted, and assembled into long, cross-linked fibrils by growing oocytes. ZP proteins have an immunoglobulin-like three-dimensional structure and a ZP domain that consists of two subdomains, ZP-N and ZP-C, with ZP-N of ZP2 and ZP3 required for fibril assembly. A ZP2–ZP3 dimer is located periodically along ZP fibrils that are cross-linked by ZP1, a protein with a proline-rich N terminus. Fibrils in the inner and outer regions of the ZP are oriented perpendicular and parallel to the oolemma, respectively, giving the ZP a multilayered appearance. Upon fertilization of eggs, modification of ZP2 and ZP3 results in changes in the ZP's physical and biological properties that have important consequences. Certain structural features of ZP proteins suggest that they may be amyloid-like proteins.

A new RNase sheds light on the RNase/angiogenin subfamily from zebrafish

2010 ◽  
Vol 433 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Pizzo ◽  
Antonello Merlino ◽  
Mimmo Turano ◽  
Irene Russo Krauss ◽  
Francesca Coscia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Rnase A ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Sequence Signature ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Rnase A Superfamily

Recently, extracellular RNases of the RNase A superfamily, with the characteristic CKxxNTF sequence signature, have been identified in fish. This has led to the recognition that these RNases are present in the whole vertebrate subphylum. In fact, they comprise the only enzyme family unique to vertebrates. Four RNases from zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been previously reported and have a very low RNase activity; some of these are endowed, like human angiogenin, with powerful angiogenic and bactericidal activities. In the present paper, we report the three-dimensional structure, the thermodynamic behaviour and the biological properties of a novel zebrafish RNase, ZF-RNase-5. The investigation of its structural and functional properties, extended to all other subfamily members, provides an inclusive description of the whole zebrafish RNase subfamily.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity and physico-chemical analysis of Campomanesia rufa (O.Berg) Nied. fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Aparecida Ferreira de Abreu ◽  
Renato Paiva ◽  
Judith Georgette Alcalde Mosqueira ◽  
Michele Valquíria dos Reis ◽  
Ana Beatriz Silva Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
High Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Water Content

ABSTRACT Campomanesia rufa (O. Berg) Nied. is a native Cerrado species that presents great edible potential. However, it is a species “in danger of extinction” as recommended by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). No technical and scientific information about the species exists, thus demonstrating the importance of its research. The present work aimed at the physical and chemical characterization of immature and mature C. rufa fruits. The fruits showed a change in coloration from green (b * = 25.11, h = 122.43) to yellowish-green (b * = 34.26 , h = 115.73), an increase in mass (6.54 g to 10.88 g), diameter (23.76 mm to 28.03 mm) and soluble solids (8.00 to 10.80%). The fruits presented high levels of total (1246.35 mg 100 g-1) and soluble pectin (195.93 mg 100 g-1), high water content (78.86 g 100 g-1), low pH value (3.40), and high citric acid content (1.2%). However, the fruits had low protein (0.81 g 100 g-1), lipid contents, and low caloric values (64.76 kcal 100 g-1). The fruits presented significant values of carotenoids, phenolic compounds (312.47 mg 100 g-1), vitamin C (263.60 mg 100 g-1) as well as good in vitro antioxidant activity (1862.81 µM g-1). The results obtained indicate that C. rufa fruits showed a similar composition to the fruits of other Campomanesia species, and their biological properties should be investigated additionally under in vivo conditions.

scholarly journals Hydrogel Dressings for the Treatment of Burn Wounds: An Up-To-Date Overview

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Elena Stoica ◽  
Cristina Chircov ◽  
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Promising Alternative

Globally, the fourth most prevalent devastating form of trauma are burn injuries. Ideal burn wound dressings are fundamental to facilitate the wound healing process and decrease pain in lower time intervals. Conventional dry dressing treatments, such as those using absorbent gauze and/or absorbent cotton, possess limited therapeutic effects and require repeated dressing changes, which further aggravate patients’ suffering. Contrariwise, hydrogels represent a promising alternative to improve healing by assuring a moisture balance at the burn site. Most studies consider hydrogels as ideal candidate materials for the synthesis of wound dressings because they exhibit a three-dimensional (3D) structure, which mimics the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of skin in regard to the high-water amount, which assures a moist environment to the wound. There is a wide variety of polymers that have been used, either alone or blended, for the fabrication of hydrogels designed for biomedical applications focusing on treating burn injuries. The aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date overview of hydrogels applied in burn wound dressings.

scholarly journals The Application Status of Nanoscale Cellulose-Based Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Biomedicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
Jin Bai ◽  
Pei Tian ◽  
Rui Xie ◽  
Zifan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties

As a renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic material with moderate mechanical and thermal properties, nanocellulose-based hydrogels are receiving immense consideration for various biomedical applications. With the unique properties of excellent skeletal structure (hydrophilic functional groups) and micro-nano size (small size effect), nanocellulose can maintain the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel to a large extent, providing mechanical strength while ensuring the moisture content. Owing to its unique features, nanocellulose-based hydrogels have made excellent progress in research and development on tissue engineering, drug carriers, wound dressings, development of synthetic organs, 3D printing, and biosensing. This review provides an overview of the synthesis of different types of nanocellulose, including cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial nanocellulose, and describes their unique features. It further provides an updated knowledge of the development of nanocellulose-based functional biomaterials for various biomedical applications. Finally, it discusses the future perspective of nanocellulose-based research for its advanced biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Hydrogels for the Delivery of Plant-Derived (Poly)Phenols

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3254
Author(s):  
Nicola Micale ◽  
Andrea Citarella ◽  
Maria Sofia Molonia ◽  
Antonio Speciale ◽  
Francesco Cimino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Polymeric Networks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Polymeric Component ◽  
External Stimuli

This review deals with hydrogels as soft and biocompatible vehicles for the delivery of plant-derived (poly)phenols, compounds with low general toxicity and an extraordinary and partially unexplored wide range of biological properties, whose use presents some major issues due to their poor bioavailability and water solubility. Hydrogels are composed of polymeric networks which are able to absorb large amounts of water or biological fluids while retaining their three-dimensional structure. Apart from this primary swelling capacity, hydrogels may be easily tailored in their properties according to the chemical structure of the polymeric component in order to obtain smart delivery systems that can be responsive to various internal/external stimuli. The functionalization of the polymeric component of hydrogels may also be widely exploited to facilitate the incorporation of bioactive compounds with different physicochemical properties into the system. Several prototype hydrogel systems have been designed for effective polyphenol delivery and potential employment in the treatment of human diseases. Therefore, the inherent features of hydrogels have been the focus of considerable research efforts over the past few decades. Herein, we review the most recent advances in (poly)phenol-loaded hydrogels by analyzing them primarily from the therapeutic perspective and highlighting the innovative aspects in terms of design and chemistry.

scholarly journals Capturing the complexity of topologically associating domains through multi-feature optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Sauerwald ◽  
Carl Kingsford
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Replication Timing ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ctcf Binding ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Topologically Associating Domains ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Algorithmic Framework

AbstractThe three-dimensional structure of human chromosomes is tied to gene regulation and replication timing, but there is still a lack of consensus on the computational and biological definitions for chromosomal substructures such as topologically associating domains (TADs). TADs are described and identified by various computational properties leading to different TAD sets with varying compatibility with biological properties such as boundary occupancy of structural proteins. We unify many of these computational and biological targets into one algorithmic framework that jointly maximizes several computational TAD definitions and optimizes TAD selection for a quantifiable biological property. Using this framework, we explore the variability of TAD sets optimized for six different desirable properties of TAD sets: high occupancy of CTCF, RAD21, and H3K36me3 at boundaries, reproducibility between replicates, high intra- vs inter-TAD difference in contact frequencies, and many CTCF binding sites at boundaries. The compatibility of these biological targets varies by cell type, and our results suggest that these properties are better reflected as subpopulations or families of TADs rather than a singular TAD set fitting all TAD definitions and properties. We explore the properties that produce similar TAD sets (reproducibility and inter- vs intra-TAD difference, for example) and those that lead to very different TADs (such as CTCF binding sites and inter- vs intra-TAD contact frequency difference).

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