scholarly journals Biological Effects of Chitosan-Based Dressing on Hemostasis Mechanism

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Liu ◽  
Cherng ◽  
Lin ◽  
Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Hemostatic Dressing ◽  
Gauze Dressing ◽  
Chitosan Fiber ◽  
Uncontrolled Hemorrhage

: There have been numerous recent advances in wound care management. Nevertheless, the assessment of hemostatic dressing is essential to enable surgeons and other physicians and healthcare professionals to make the correct decisions regarding the disposition of severe hemorrhage. Here, we investigated the relative efficacies of chitosan-based and conventional gauze dressings in a rat model of femoral artery hemorrhage and in patients with surgical wounds. Dressing effectiveness was evaluated based on hemostatic profiles, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and blood factor responses in coagulation. Relative to standard gauze dressing, the chitosan fiber (CF) dressing treatment significantly shortened the time to hemostasis in injured rats. Moreover, the CF dressing significantly prolonged partial thromboplastin time, enhanced blood absorption, and reduced antithrombin production without altering the prothrombin ratio. Unlike regular gauze bandages, the CF dressing demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of chitosan as a hemostatic dressing and elucidate its underlying mechanism. It is possible that chitosan surgical dressings could serve as first-line intervention in hospital emergency care for uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Use of a transforming powder dressing in the lower leg wounds of two older patients: case studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (Sup7) ◽  
pp. S40-S43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Surgical Wounds

This report describes the use of a transforming powder dressing to treat lower leg surgical wounds occurring in two older patients. Wounds in this location are difficult and slow to heal. Both of these wounds exhibited complete granulation within two weeks of powder application and total healing in under four weeks, all while requiring no patient or nursing wound care.

scholarly journals Gauze Packing of Open Surgical Wounds: Empirical or Evidence-Based Practice?

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Dinah ◽  
A Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Secondary Intention ◽  
Surgical Wounds

INTRODUCTION Most surgical wounds are closed primarily, but some are allowed to heal by secondary intention. This usually involves repeated packing and dressing of the raw wound surfaces. Although the long-term care of such wounds has devolved to the care of nurses in the community or out-patient setting, the initial wound dressing or cavity packing is done by the surgeon in the operating theatre. Many surgeons are unaware of the growth of the discipline of wound care, and still use traditional soaked gauze for dressing and packing open surgical wounds and cavities. RESULTS This review summarises the some of the modern alternatives available and the evidence – or the lack of it – for their use in both the acute and chronic setting.

Chitosan based hemostatic dressing is associated with decreased blood loss in a swine uncontrolled hemorrhage model

2012 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. S54-S55
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Kunio ◽  
Gordon M. Riha ◽  
Katherine M. Watson ◽  
Igor V. Kremenevskiy ◽  
Jerome A. Differding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Hemostatic Dressing ◽  
Uncontrolled Hemorrhage

scholarly journals Implementation of the policy on standard protocol for care of septic and aseptic wounds in selected public health facilities in Ghana: an analytic case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Alhassan ◽  
Benedicta Quarshie-Odoo Karley ◽  
Francis Ennin Ackah ◽  
Irene Adodoaji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Surgical Wounds

Abstract Background It is estimated that millions of patients are affected by healthcare associated infections (HAIs) each year. In Ghana, high prevalence of HAIs in relations to septic and surgical wounds has been largely attributed to poor adherence to standard policy protocols on wound management by clinical staff especially nurses. Objective Explore the extent to which nursing staff adhere to the policy protocol on management of septic and surgical wounds in selected public health facilities in Ghana. Methodology An analytic cross-sectional study among nursing staff (n=140) in three government facilities in the Volta region of Ghana. Subjective and objective performance scores of staff on adherence proxies were compared using the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test, and univariate ordered logistic regression analysis used to predict staff likelihood of adherence to standard policy protocols on septic and surgical wound care. Findings Overall, staff self-rated themselves higher on subjective performance proxies relative to their objective scores (p<0.05). Staff with more years of work experience did not translate into a higher likelihood of adhering to standard protocol on wound healing (Coef.= -0.49, CI=-0.93 -0.05, p=0.036). Conversely, being a senior nursing officer relative to other professional ranks increases staff likelihood of complying with standard policy protocol for wound care (Coef. 5.27, CI=0.59 9.95, p=0.027) relative to lower rank of nurses. Conclusion There is the need for accelerated in-service training for staff on standard protocols for wound are coupled with supportive supervisions. Staff adherence to standard quality care should be a pre-requisite for licensing of health facilities by regulatory bodies like Health Facilities Regulatory Agency and National Health Insurance Authority.

scholarly journals Dressing use issues in primary abdominal wounds: a qualitative study of health staff and patient views

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (20) ◽  
pp. S10-S18
Author(s):  
Christel McMullan ◽  
Jane Blazeby ◽  
Jenny L Donovan ◽  
Leila Rooshenas ◽  
Daisy Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Wound Contamination ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Healing Wound ◽  
New Evidence

Primary surgical abdominal wounds are usually covered with a dressing. However, little is known about the practical issues and costs around these dressings. This study aimed to provide an in-depth description of patients' and health professionals' perspectives on the clinical and practical issues associated with standard and novel dressing (glue-as-a-dressing) use on primary surgical wounds, and to establish whether and how their experience compares with these perspectives. During semi-structured interviews, patients and health professionals discussed their positive experience of glue-as-a-dressing and no dressing around six themes: wound contamination and infection, wound healing, wound care, physical protection afforded by simple dressings, the potential psychological impact of an exposed wound, and ability to carry out everyday tasks. Current views on the practice of dressings for primary abdominal wounds are influenced by ingrained clinical practice. These views can be challenged when exposed to novel dressing strategies or as new evidence of the clinical effect of dressing strategies emerges.

scholarly journals Hydrogen, a Novel Therapeutic Molecule, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Tian ◽  
Yafang Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yunxi Chen ◽  
Weiping Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless and odorless gas. Studies have shown that H2 inhalation has the therapeutic effects in many animal studies and clinical trials, and its application is recommended in the novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment guidelines in China recently. H2 has a relatively small molecular mass, which helps it quickly spread and penetrate cell membranes to exert a wide range of biological effects. It may play a role in the treatment and prevention of a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, sepsis, respiratory disease, ischemia reperfusion injury diseases, autoimmunity diseases, etc.. H2 is primarily administered via inhalation, drinking H2-rich water, or injection of H2 saline. It may participate in the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity (mitochondrial energy metabolism), immune system regulation, and cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis) through annihilating excess reactive oxygen species production and modulating nuclear transcription factor. However, the underlying mechanism of H2 has not yet been fully revealed. Owing to its safety and potential efficacy, H2 has a promising potential for clinical use against many diseases. This review will demonstrate the role of H2 in antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects and its underlying mechanism, particularly in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), providing strategies for the medical application of H2 for various diseases.

Epidermolysis bullosa: Pediatric perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam Lun Hon ◽  
Samantha Chu ◽  
Alexander K. C. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
English Language ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex ◽  
Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy

: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare congenital genetic conditions that result in painful blistering of the skin and mucous membranes which occur with minor trauma or friction. There are many types and subtypes of EB that need to be distinguished, as the management and prognosis of each can vary significantly. We aim to perform an up-to-date literature review on congenital EB for healthcare providers in pediatrics. We performed a review of existing literature in the English language on EB via PubMed Clinical Queries, using keywords such as “epidermolysis bullosa”, “congenital” and “children”. We reviewed EB based on the following subheadings: epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, and clinical prediction guidelines. EB is due to mutation in a number of genes, and some types are autosomal dominant while others are autosomal recessive. The underlying mechanism is a defect in attachment between or within the epidermis and dermis of the skin. There are four main types: epidermolysis bullosa simplex, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, junctional epidermolysis bullosa, and Kindler syndrome. The diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and confirmed by skin biopsy and definitive genetic testing. Severity of EB can range from mild to fatal. Severe complications may arise in some EB types and subtypes within the eye, ear, nose, upper airway, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. There is no cure for the condition to date. Optimal management must be multidisciplinary and involves wound care, pain control, controlling infections, nutritional support, and prevention and treatment of complications. EB is present in different forms. Treatment is supportive. The prognosis of milder forms is good. Children severely affected with EB and their families live a miserable life with impaired quality of life. Health care workers must be aware of the suffering in these families and be proactively support them.

scholarly journals The N-terminal polypeptide derived from vMIP-II exerts its anti-tumor activity in human breast cancer by regulating lncRNA SPRY4-IT1

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihua Wu ◽  
Yueyue Wang ◽  
Tiantian Chen ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Haifeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) sprouty4-intron transcript 1 (lncRNA SPRY4-IT1) plays a vital role in the development of breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism has not been eventually illuminated. We aimed to explore the biological activity of lncRNA SPRY4-IT1 in breast cancer cells and whether N-terminal polypeptide derived from viral macrophage inflammatory protein II (NT21MP) could exert its anti-tumor effect by regulating lncRNA SPRY4-IT1 and its target gene SKA2. Real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, wound healing, and invasion assays were used to achieve this goal. We found that lncRNA SPRY4-IT1 was highly expressed in breast cancer cells. Moreover, NT21MP markedly inhibited biological effects of breast cancer cells by regulating lncRNA SPRY4-IT1, which was partially achieved through SKA2. Our findings suggested that lncRNA SPRY4-IT1 could serve as a novel biomarker by NT21MP for breast cancer.

scholarly journals Exosome-derived miR-127-5p Promotes Embryonic-like Stem Cells Differentiation Into Pacemaker Cell Through Nkx2.5 Down-regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Zhu ◽  
Jia You ◽  
Xiaojuan Gu ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Xiang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Pacemaker Cell ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Available evidence suggests the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathological process of several diseases. Nonetheless, molecular mechanism underlying biological effects of miRNAs such as pacemaker exosome-derived miR-127-5p in embryonic-like stem cells (ESCs) differentiation into pacemaker cell is yet to be clarified. Through real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or western blotting (WB) techniques, levels of miRNAs, miR-127-5p, and NKx2.5 expressions was quantitatively measured. Cellular differentiation (CD) was probed with flow cytometric (FC) and WB techniques. Prediction of miR-127-5p association with NKx2.5 was studied through bioinformatics tools before verification with luciferase assay. Promotion of ESCs differentiation to pacemaker through miR-127-5p was measured with qPCR and WB techniques. Through the same assaying methods, up-regulation of pace-making genes (shox2, HCN4, Cx45, Tbx3 and Tbx18) expression was observed in Nkx2.5 knockdown group. However, Nkx2.5 expression was down-regulated during differentiation of pacemaker-like cells into ESCs. Furthermore, techniques (such as qPCR, WB, immunofluorescent staining and FC) were employed to demonstrate that overexpressed miR-127-5p could suppress NKx2.5 expression. Through NKx2.5 targeting, ESCs could be differentiated into pacemaker-like cells with miR-127-5p possibly serving as a crucial positive regulator. On the account of our findings, further researches are needed to unearth the possible underlying mechanism and role of exosome-derived miRNAs in cell signaling.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-222 alleviates radiation-induced apoptosis by targeting BCL2L11 in cochlea hair cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-yan Zhang ◽  
Gao-yun Xiong ◽  
Xiao-xing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Radiation-induced hair cell injury is detrimental for human health but the underlying mechanism is not clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in various types of cellular biological processes. The present study investigated the role of miR-222 in the regulation of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cell injury in auditory cells and its underlying mechanism. Real time PCR was performed to identify the expression profile of miR-222 in the cochlea hair cell line HEI-OC1 after IR exposure. miRNA mimics or inhibitor-mediated upregulation or downregulation of indicated miRNA was applied to characterize the biological effects of miR-222 using MTT, apoptosis and DNA damage assay. Bioinformatic analyses and luciferase reporter assays were applied to identify a miRNA target gene. Our study confirmed that IR treatment significantly suppressed miR-222 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Upregulation of miR-222 enhances cell viability and alleviated IR-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in HEI-OC1 cells. In addition, BCL-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11) was validated as a direct target of miR-222. Overexpression of BCL2L11 abolished the protective effects of miR-222 in IR-treated HEI-OC1 cells. Moreover, miR-222 alleviated IR-induced apoptosis and DNA damage by directly targeting BCL2L11.The present study demonstrates that miR-222 exhibits protective effects against irradiation‑induced cell injury by directly targeting BCL2L11 in cochlear cells.

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