scholarly journals Polyhexamethylene Biguanide:Polyurethane Blend Nanofibrous Membranes for Wound Infection Control

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Worsley ◽  
Kristin Vassileva ◽  
Janice Tsui ◽  
Wenhui Song ◽  
Liam Good
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Cell Toxicity ◽  
Electrospun Membranes ◽  
Loss Of Susceptibility ◽  
Gradual Release

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a broad-spectrum antiseptic which avoids many efficacy and toxicity problems associated with antimicrobials, in particular, it has a low risk of loss of susceptibility due to acquired antimicrobial resistance. Despite such advantages, PHMB is not widely used in wound care, suggesting more research is required to take full advantage of PHMB’s properties. We hypothesised that a nanofibre morphology would provide a gradual release of PHMB, prolonging the antimicrobial effects within the therapeutic window. PHMB:polyurethane (PU) electrospun nanofibre membranes were prepared with increasing PHMB concentrations, and the effects on antimicrobial activities, mechanical properties and host cell toxicity were compared. Overall, PHMB:PU membranes displayed a burst release of PHMB during the first hour following PBS immersion (50.5–95.9% of total released), followed by a gradual release over 120 h (≤25 wt % PHMB). The membranes were hydrophilic (83.7–53.3°), gradually gaining hydrophobicity as PHMB was released. They displayed superior antimicrobial activity, which extended past the initial release period, retained PU hyperelasticity regardless of PHMB concentration (collective tensile modulus of 5–35% PHMB:PU membranes, 3.56 ± 0.97 MPa; ultimate strain, >200%) and displayed minimal human cell toxicity (<25 wt % PHMB). With further development, PHMB:PU electrospun membranes may provide improved wound dressings.

Identifying New Pathways and Targets for Wound Healing and Therapeutics from Natural Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinchi Feng ◽  
Jinsong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Viable Approach

: Chronic wounds remain a significant public problem and the development of wound treatments has been a research focus for the past few decades. Despite advances in the products derived from endogenous substances involved in a wound healing process (e.g. growth factors, stem cells, and extracellular matrix), effective and safe wound therapeutics are still limited. There is an unmet need to develop new therapeutics. Various new pathways and targets have been identified and could become a molecular target in designing novel wound agents. Importantly, many existing drugs that target these newly identified pathways could be repositioned for wound therapy, which will facilitate fast translation of research findings to clinical applications. This review discusses the newly identified pathways/targets and their potential uses in the development of wound therapeutics. Some herbs and amphibian skins have been traditionally used for wound repairs and their active ingredients have been found to act in these new pathways. Hence, screening these natural products for novel wound therapeutics remains a viable approach. The outcomes of wound care using natural wound therapeutics could be improved if we can better understand their cellular and molecular mechanisms and fabricate them in appropriate formulations, such as using novel wound dressings and nano-engineered materials. Therefore, we also provide an update on the advances in the wound therapeutics from natural sources. Overall, this review offers new insights into novel wound therapeutics.

scholarly journals Sintesis Hidrogel Pektin – Gelatin dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Sebagai Kandidat Pembalut Luka Bakar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Fadhil Muhammad Tarmidzi ◽  
Inggit Kresna Maharsih ◽  
Tina Raihatul Jannah ◽  
Cici Sari Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Fruit Peel

Teknik pembalutan luka saat ini menerapkan metode perawatan luka modern dengan cara mempertahankan isolasi lingkungan luka dalam keadaan tertutup dan lembab. Ada beberapa jenis pembalut luka yang telah dikembangkan, salah satunya hidrogel. Hidrogel merupakan pembalut luka berbentuk lembaran yang memiliki kemampuan menyerap cairan luka dan memiliki stabilitas yang baik pada pH asam sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan luka bakar. Dalam penelitian ini, hidrogel dibuat menggunakan polimer alami seperti pektin dan gelatin. Kedua bahan tersebut dikombinasikan menggunakan metode ikatan silang dengan penambahan asam sitrat sebagai agen pengikat silang. Penambahan asam sitrat memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik material hidrogel yang dihasilkan, sehingga diperlukan jumlah yang tepat agar didapatkan hidrogel dengan properti material yang baik. Hidrogel juga ditambahkan zat aktif berupa flavonoid pada ekstrak kulit buah naga agar dapat digunakan sebagai pembalut luka untuk menyembuhkan luka bakar. Dari hasil penelitian, hidrogel dengan konsentrasi asam sitrat 4% (Hidrogel CA 4%) menghasilkan nilai swelling, tensile strength, dan elongation tertinggi sebesar 890%, 0,05 Mpa, dan 200%. Hasil properti mekanik dari Hidrogel CA 4% ini dibuktikan dengan uji FTIR yang telah dilakukan, yaitu munculnya gugus karbonil C=O sebagai hasil reaksi esterifikasi yang terjadi antara polimer dengan asam sitrat di daerah serapan 1733,9 cm-1.Wound dressing technique currently applies modern wound care methods by maintaining the environmental isolation of the wound in a closed and moist state. There are several types of wound dressing that have been developed, one of them is hydrogel. Hydrogel is sheet-shaped wound dressings which have the ability to absorb exudate and have good stability acidic pH that can be used for the treatment of burns. In this study, hydrogel were made using natural polymers such as pectin and gelatin. The two polymers were combined using crosslinking method with the addition of citric acid as a crosslinking agent. The addition of citric acid has affect on the characteristics of the hydrogel material produced, therefore the right amount is needed to obtain a hydrogel with good mechanical properties. Hydrogel also added by an active substance in the form of flavonoids from dragon fruit peel extract that can be used as a wound dressing to cure burns. This study resulting hydrogel with a concentration of 4% citric acid (Hydrogel CA 4%) produced highest value of swelling, tensile strength, and elongation are 890%, 0.05 Mpa, and 200%, repectively. The mechanical properties of Hydrogel CA 4% was proved by FTIR test that had been carried out, namely the presence of C=O carbonyl group as a result of the esterification reaction that occurred between the polymers and citric acid in the absorption area of 1733.9 cm-1.

Skin problems in palliative care

2021 ◽  
pp. 613-621
Author(s):  
Sebastian Probst ◽  
Georgina Gethin
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Skin Breakdown ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Skin Conditions

Nursing aspects of palliative wound care are driven by patient and family goals integrated with three components of wound management: the management or palliation of the underlying cause of the wound, management of wound-related symptoms, and management of the wound and peri-wound skin. Wounds most commonly encountered include pressure ulcers, fungating malignant wounds, and fistulae. Patients with blistering skin conditions, inherited and acquired, have extensive long-standing wounds and palliative care needs. In addition, meticulous skin care for patients of all ages with debilitating long-term conditions is crucial to prevent unnecessary skin breakdown. The symptoms and local problems associated with broken skin and wounds include odour, exudate, excoriation, maceration, bleeding, pain, and pruritus. Key clinical interventions include the application of wound dressings and skin care products. Unless these are managed effectively and consistently, body image and feelings of self-worth are affected together with the ability to socialize and maintain function, including, for some people, employment.

scholarly journals Scaffolds for Wound Healing Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Negut ◽  
Gabriela Dorcioman ◽  
Valentina Grumezescu
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Microbial Invasion ◽  
Polymeric Biomaterials ◽  
Hybrid Biomaterials

In order to overcome the shortcomings related to unspecific and partially efficient conventional wound dressings, impressive efforts are oriented in the development and evaluation of new and effective platforms for wound healing applications. In situ formed wound dressings provide several advantages, including proper adaptability for wound bed microstructure and architecture, facile application, patient compliance and enhanced therapeutic effects. Natural or synthetic, composite or hybrid biomaterials represent suitable candidates for accelerated wound healing, by providing proper air and water vapor permeability, structure for macro- and microcirculation, support for cellular migration and proliferation, protection against microbial invasion and external contamination. Besides being the most promising choice for wound care applications, polymeric biomaterials (either from natural or synthetic sources) may exhibit intrinsic wound healing properties. Several nanotechnology-derived biomaterials proved great potential for wound healing applications, including micro- and nanoparticulate systems, fibrous scaffolds, and hydrogels. The present paper comprises the most recent data on modern and performant strategies for effective wound healing.

scholarly journals Certain Aspects of Silver and Silver Nanoparticles in Wound Care: A Minireview

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Konop ◽  
Tatsiana Damps ◽  
Aleksandra Misicka ◽  
Lidia Rudnicka
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Bactericidal Effects

Resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major health problem. In this context silver and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects and was used throughout history for treatment of skin ulcer, bone fracture, and supporting wound healing. In all of these applications prevention and treatment of bacterial colonized/infected wounds are critical. In this context silver and its derivatives play an important role in health care. Silver is widely used in clinical practice in the form of silver nitrate and/or silver sulfadiazine. In the last few years silver nanoparticles entered into clinical practice as both antimicrobial and antifungal agents. In addition, nanosilver is used in coating medical devices (catheters) and as component of wound dressings. In this paper we present summarized information about silver and nanoparticles made of silver in the context of their useful properties, especially antibacterial ones, being of a great interest for researchers and clinicians.

scholarly journals Ca-Zn-Ag Alginate Aerogels for Wound Healing Applications: Swelling Behavior in Simulated Human Body Fluids and Effect on Macrophages

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2741
Author(s):  
Claudia Keil ◽  
Christopher Hübner ◽  
Constanze Richter ◽  
Sandy Lier ◽  
Lars Barthel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Wound Fluid ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
Injury Models

Chronic non-healing wounds represent a substantial economic burden to healthcare systems and cause a considerable reduction in quality of life for those affected. Approximately 0.5–2% of the population in developed countries are projected to experience a chronic wound in their lifetime, necessitating further developments in the area of wound care materials. The use of aerogels for wound healing applications has increased due to their high exudate absorbency and ability to incorporate therapeutic substances, amongst them trace metals, to promote wound-healing. This study evaluates the swelling behavior of Ca-Zn-Ag-loaded alginate aerogels and their metal release upon incubation in human sweat or wound fluid substitutes. All aerogels show excellent liquid uptake from any of the formulas and high liquid holding capacities. Calcium is only marginally released into the swelling solvents, thus remaining as alginate bridging component aiding the absorption and fast transfer of liquids into the aerogel network. The zinc transfer quota is similar to those observed for common wound dressings in human and animal injury models. With respect to the immune regulatory function of zinc, cell culture studies show a high availability and anti-inflammatory activity of aerogel released Zn-species in RAW 264.7 macrophages. For silver, the balance between antibacterial effectiveness versus cytotoxicity remains a significant challenge for which the alginate aerogels need to be improved in the future. An increased knowledge of the transformations that alginate aerogels undergo in the course of the fabrication as well as during wound fluid exposure is necessary when aiming to create advanced, tissue-compatible aerogel products.

Wound care in venous ulcers

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Mosti
Keyword(s):  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
Venous Ulcers ◽  
Moist Environment

Wound dressings: ulcer dressings should create and maintain a moist environment on the ulcer surface. It has been shown that in an ulcer with a hard crust and desiccated bed, the healing process is significantly slowed and sometimes completely blocked so favouring infection, inflammation and pain. In contrast a moist environment promotes autolytic debridement, angiogenesis and the more rapid formation of granulation tissue, favours keratinocytes migration and accelerates healing of wounds. Apart from these common characteristics, wound dressings are completely different in other aspects and must be used according to the ulcer stage. In necrotic ulcers, autolytic debridement by means of hydrogel and hydrocolloids or with enzymatic paste is preferred. In case of largely exuding wounds alginate or hydrofibre are indicated. When bleeding occurs alginate is indicated due to its haemostatic power. Where ulcers are covered by granulation tissue, polyurethane foams are preferred. When infection coexists antiseptics are necessary: dressing containing silver or iodine with large antibacterial spectrum have proved to be very effective. In the epithelization stage polyurethane films or membranes, thin hydrocolloids or collagen based dressings are very useful to favour advancement of the healing wound edge. Despite these considerations, a Cochrane review failed to find advantages for any dressing type compared with low-adherent dressings applied beneath compression. Surgical debridement and grafting of wounds, negative wound pressure treatment: surgical and hydrosurgical debridement are indicated in large, necrotic and infected wounds as these treatments are able to get rid of necrotic, infected tissue very quickly in a single surgical session, thereby significantly accelerating wound bed preparation and healing time. Negative wound pressure treatment creating a negative pressure on ulcer bed is able to favour granulation tissue and shorten healing time. In case of hard-to-heal leg ulcers such as large, deep, infected and long-lasting venous ulcers, sharp debridement and skin grafting may favour and shorten ulcer healing.

Postsurgical Treatment of Split Skin Graft Donor Sites in Dermatological Departments

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Jansen ◽  
Ingo Stoffels ◽  
Joachim Klode ◽  
Finja Jockenhöfer ◽  
Matthias Augustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Graft Donor ◽  
Split Skin ◽  
Selection Of

The surgical removal of split skin grafts (SSGs) leads to superficial wounds that can be covered with different wound dressings. Currently, international guidelines that recommend a standard treatment of the donor sites are not yet established. We developed a questionnaire to evaluate the treatment of SSG donor sites and sent it to all dermatological departments in Germany. Altogether 78 of the 115 contacted departments in Germany participated in our cross-sectional trial. Our analysis reveals that multiple wound dressings with different frequencies of replacement are used. On an average, complete reepithelialization of the donor site takes 14-21 days. Foams and coated gauzes are used in 73% of all surgical procedures for postsurgical treatment of SSG donor sites. Still, neither a significant faster reepithelialization nor a lower rate of wound healing disorders can be assigned to any of the wound dressings. The results of our study indicate that a large number of wound care products and treatment strategies are currently applied on SSG donor sites in dermatological departments in Germany. The selection of the wound dressing is not based on scientific data but rather on the experience of individual experts.

Skin problems in palliative care

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Grocott ◽  
Georgina Gethin ◽  
Sebastian Probst
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Skin Conditions

Nursing aspects of palliative wound care are driven by patient and family goals integrated with three components of wound management: the management or palliation of the underlying cause of the wound, management of wound-related symptoms, and management of the wound and peri-wound skin. Wounds most commonly found include pressure ulcers, fungating malignant wounds, and fistulae. Patients with blistering skin conditions, inherited and acquired, have extensive longstanding wounds and palliative care needs. In addition, meticulous skin care for patients of all ages with debilitating long-term conditions is crucial to prevent unnecessary skin breakdown. The symptoms and local problems associated with broken skin and wounds include odour, exudate, excoriation, maceration, bleeding, pain, and pruritus, and key clinical interventions include the application of wound dressings and skin care products. Unless these are managed effectively and consistently, body image and feelings of self-worth are affected together with the ability to socialize and maintain employment.

scholarly journals Chitosan & Conductive PANI/Chitosan Composite Nanofibers - Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Moutsatsou ◽  
Karen Coopman ◽  
Stella Georgiadou
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Jet Stability ◽  
Electrospun Membranes ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Chitosan Composite

Background: Within the healthcare industry, including the care of chronic wounds, the challenge of antimicrobial resistance continues to grow. As such, there is a need to develop new treatments that can reduce the bioburden in wounds. Objective: The present study is focused on the development of polyaniline (PANI) / chitosan (CH) nanofibrous electrospun membranes and evaluates their antibacterial properties. Methods: To this end, experimental design was used to determine the electrospinning windows of both pure chitosan and PANI/CH blends of different ratios (1:3, 3:5, 1:1). The effect of key environmental and process parameters (relative humidity and applied voltage) was determined, as well as the effect of the PANI/CH ratio in the blend and the molecular interactions between PANI and chitosan that led to jet stability. Results: The nanofibrous mats were evaluated regarding their morphology and antibacterial effect against model gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, namely B. subtilis and E. coli. High PANI content mats show increased bactericidal activity against both bacterial strains. Conclusion: The blend fibre membranes combine the materials’ respective properties, namely electrical conductivity, biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. This study suggests that electrospun PANI/CH membranes are promising candidates for healthcare applications, such as wound dressings.

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