scholarly journals Lignin Transformation of One-Year-Old Plants During Anaerobic Digestion (AD)

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Waliszewska ◽  
Magdalena Zborowska ◽  
Agata Stachowiak-Wencek ◽  
Bogusława Waliszewska ◽  
Wojciech Czekała
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
One Year ◽  
Syringyl To Guaiacyl Ratio

The aim of the research is to identify the changes which occur in lignin from miscanthus and sorghum, one of the main biomass components, as a result of an anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The percentage content and structure of lignin before and after the fermentation process were analysed using biomass harvested in two growing periods—before and after vegetation. It was shown that plants at different developmental stages differ in lignin content. During plant growth, the lignin structure also changes—the syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio (S/G) increases, whereas the aliphatic and aromatic structure ratio (Al/Ar) decreases. The AD process leads to an increase in percentage lignin content in cell walls, and the increase is higher for plants harvested during vegetation. It has been shown in studies that the methane fermentation of miscanthus and sorghum produces waste containing a large amount of lignin, the structure of which is altered relative to native lignin. The quantity and the new, simplified structure of lignin create new possibilities for using this aromatic polymer.

scholarly journals Hardness of Densified Wood in Relation to Changed Chemical Composition

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Mania ◽  
Miłosz Wróblewski ◽  
Adam Wójciak ◽  
Edward Roszyk ◽  
Waldemar Moliński
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Densified Wood ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to evaluate some of the properties of densified poplar and birch wood earlier subjected to partial delignification of cell walls. The effects of delignification are presented as a comparison of the content of basic structural components in wood before and after chemical modification. In birch wood, the lignin content decreased by 20%, while that of cellulose decreased by 9.7% and that of hemicellulose decreased by 64.9%. In poplar, the lignin content decreased by 34.1%, that of cellulose decreaed by 13.5%, and that of hemicellulose decreased by 58.0%. The hardness of densified birch and poplar wood, after partial reduction of chemical components, was 147 and 111 MPa, respectively, and, compared with natural (non-densified) wood, was almost 4.5 times and 7 times higher, respectively. Poplar wood was more densified (without delignification 238% and after delignification 281%). In the case of birch wood, the density levels were 176% and 188%, respectively.

scholarly journals Penurunan Kadar Lignin pada Fermentasi Limbah Kayu Mahoni Menggunakan Phanerochaete chrysosporium

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Sri Rulianah ◽  
Prayitno Prayitno ◽  
Christyfani Sindhuwati ◽  
Dessi Ria Ambar Ayu ◽  
Khalimatus Sa’diyah
Keyword(s):  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Before And After

Limbah Kayu Mahoni merupakan limbah pertanian jenis kayu keras yang mengandung lignoselulosa (lignin, selulosa, hemiselulosa) yang cukup tinggi. Selulosa sangat berpotensi untuk didegradasi oleh Phanerochaete chrysosporium menjadi glukosa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama fermentasi dan penambahan serbuk Kayu Mahoni terhadap penurunan kadar lignin pada fermentasi limbah Kayu Mahoni menggunakan kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengeringkan dan mengecilkan ukuran limbah Kayu Mahoni, kemudian melakukan proses fermentasi limbah Kayu Mahoni dengan Phanerochaete chrysosporium dengan rentang waktu 9, 11, 13, 15, dan 17 hari, dan penambahan limbah serbuk Kayu Mahoni sebanyak 5, 6 dan 7%. Sebelum dan sesudah proses fermentasi dilakukan analisa kadar lignin. Hasil terbaik dari penelitian yaitu penurunan kadar lignin sebesar 85,33 % diperoleh pada lama fermentasi 17 hari dan penambahan serbuk Kayu Mahoni sebanyak 5 %.Mahogany wood waste is a type of hard wood agricultural waste containing lignocellulose which is quite high. In mahogany wood waste also contains lignin which is quite high, so the level of lignin must be reduced so that the cellulose can be used as glucose. Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a type of mold that is able to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation time and the addition of mahogany wood waste to the reduction of lignin content in the fermentation of mahogany wood waste using Phanerochaete chrysosporium molds. The study was conducted by drying and reducing the size of mahogany wood waste, then fermentation of mahogany wood waste with Phanerochaete chrysosporium with a span of 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 days, and the addition of mahogany wood waste 5, 6 and 7%. Before and after the fermentation process, lignin levels were analyzed. The best results from this study were obtained at 17 days of fermentation and the addition of 5% mahogany wood powder, obtained a decrease in lignin content of 85,33 %.

Methane fermentation process for utilization of organic waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Frąc ◽  
K. Ziemiński
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Renewable And Sustainable Energy

Methane fermentation process for utilization of organic wasteBiogas is a renewable and sustainable energy carrier generatedviaanaerobic digestion of biomass. This fuel is derived from various biomass resources and depending on its origin it contains methane (40-75%), carbon dioxide (20-45%) and some other compounds. The aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge and prospects of using the methane fermentation process to dispose of various types of organic wastes as well as conditions and factors affecting the methane fermentation process.

scholarly journals The Influence of Trace Elements on Anaerobic Digestion Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Myszograj ◽  
Artur Stadnik ◽  
Ewelina Płuciennik-Koropczuk
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract The article is the literature review on the importance of trace elements supplementation in the methane fermentation process. The production of biogas, including methane, as well as the efficiency of the process depend on the substrates to be fermented. Substances supplied with the substrate as well as products generated in the decomposition phases can inhibit the process. The factor limiting fermentation is the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of substrates. Certain compounds, such as alkanes, alkenes, biphenol, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and ketones, are not directly susceptible to hydrolysis. They undergo this process in the presence of extracellular enzymes. The instability of the methane fermentation process described in the literature may be related to the lack of trace elements or micronutrients. Trace elements (Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Se and Mo) are components of enzymes, some bacterial nucleic acids and essential for the synthesis of vitamins. The role of some trace elements, eg. Fe or Mo, has been well understood, while the importance of others still needs to be clarified. Literature data indicate that supplementing trace elements not only prevents process inhibition, but can also improve its performance by providing higher methane production.

Silicification of wood-cell walls

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
S. E. Keckler ◽  
D. M. Dabbs ◽  
N. Yao ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Inorganic Precursors

Cellular organic structures such as wood can be used as scaffolds for the synthesis of complex structures of organic/ceramic nanocomposites. The wood cell is a fiber-reinforced resin composite of cellulose fibers in a lignin matrix. A single cell wall, containing several layers of different fiber orientations and lignin content, is separated from its neighboring wall by the middle lamella, a lignin-rich region. In order to achieve total mineralization, deposition on and in the cell wall must be achieved. Geological fossilization of wood occurs as permineralization (filling the void spaces with mineral) and petrifaction (mineralizing the cell wall as the organic component decays) through infiltration of wood with inorganics after growth. Conversely, living plants can incorporate inorganics into their cells and in some cases into the cell walls during growth. In a recent study, we mimicked geological fossilization by infiltrating inorganic precursors into wood cells in order to enhance the properties of wood. In the current work, we use electron microscopy to examine the structure of silica formed in the cell walls after infiltration of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).

INVESTIGATION OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES POTENCIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO OCTADECANE DEGRADATION IN METHANE FERMENTATION PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. III_145-III_151
Author(s):  
Akinori IGUCHI ◽  
Yuya KANO ◽  
Yuki IKARASHI ◽  
Ayaka KAINUMA ◽  
Saori HORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Methane Fermentation

scholarly journals Real-World Experience of the One-Year Efficacy of Rifaximin Add-On to Lactulose Is Superior to Lactulose Alone in Patients with Cirrhosis Complicated with Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Ching Chang ◽  
Chien-Hao Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Jung Tseng ◽  
Fang-Chen Yang ◽  
Rong-Nan Chien
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Serum Ammonia

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neuropsychiatric complication of decompensated cirrhosis, is associated with high mortality and high risk of recurrence. Rifaximin add-on to lactulose for 3 to 6 months is recommended for the prevention of recurrent episodes of HE after the second episode. However, whether the combination for more than 6 months is superior to lactulose alone in the maintenance of HE remission is less evident. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the one-year efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose for the maintenance of HE remission in Taiwan. Methods: We conducted a real-world single-center retrospective cohort study to compare the long-term efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose (group R + L) versus lactulose alone (group L, control group). Furthermore, the treatment efficacy before and after rifaximin add-on to lactulose was also analyzed. The primary endpoint of our study was time to first HE recurrence (Conn score ≥ 2). All patients were followed up every three months until death, and censored at one year if still alive. Results and Conclusions: 12 patients were enrolled in group R + L. Another 31 patients were stratified into group L. Sex, comorbidity, ammonia level, and ascites grade were matched while age, HE grade, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were adjusted in the multivariable logistic regression model. Compared with group L, significant improvement in the maintenance of HE remission and decreased episodes and days of HE-related hospitalizations were demonstrated in group R + L. The serum ammonia levels were significantly lower at the 3rd and 6th month in group 1. Concerning changes before and after rifaximin add-on in group R + L, mini-mental status examination (MMSE), episodes of hospitalization, and variceal bleeding also improved at 6 and 12 months. Days of hospitalization, serum ammonia levels also improved at 6th month. Except for concern over price, no patients discontinued rifaximin due to adverse events or complications. The above results provide evidence for the one-year use of rifaximin add-on to lactulose in reducing HE recurrence and HE-related hospitalization for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document