scholarly journals Effect of Compatibility on the Foaming Behavior of Injection Molded Polypropylene and Polycarbonate Blend Parts

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Su ◽  
Ying-Guo Zhou ◽  
Bin-Bin Dong ◽  
Cao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Grafted Polymers ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Cell Nucleation ◽  
Foaming Behavior ◽  
Thermal Features ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Scanning Electron

To improve the foaming behavior of a common linear polypropylene (PP) resin, polycarbonate (PC) was blended with PP, and three different grafted polymers were used as the compatibilizers. The solid and foamed samples of the PP/PC 3:1 blend with different compatibilizers were first fabricated by melt extrusion followed by injection molding (IM) with and without a blowing agent. The mechanical properties, thermal features, morphological structure, and relative rheological characterizations of these samples were studied using a tensile test, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and torque rheometer. It can be found from the experimental results that the influence of the compatibility between the PP and PC phases on the foaming behavior of PP/PC blends is substantial. The results suggest that PC coupling with an appropriate compatibilizer is a potential method to improve the foamability of PP resin. The comprehensive effect of PC and a suitable compatibilizer on the foamability of PP can be attributed to two possible mechanisms, i.e., the partial compatibility between phases that facilitates cell nucleation and the improved gas-melt viscosity that helps to form a fine foaming structure.

Effect of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer on the foaming behavior of polypropylene

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tian Tan ◽  
Ying-Guo Zhou ◽  
Jing-Jing Zhou ◽  
Bin-Bin Dong ◽  
Chun-Tai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Torque Rheometry ◽  
Cell Nucleation ◽  
Foaming Behavior ◽  
Thermal Features ◽  
Influence Of Crystallization ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

To improve the cellular foam structure of common polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer (ABS) and compatibilizer were used to blend with PP, and the foaming behavior of PP/ABS blends was investigated. The solid and foamed samples of the PP/ABS blend with different component were first fabricated by melt extrusion followed by conventional injection molding with or without a blowing agent. The mechanical properties, thermal features, and rheological characterizations of these samples were studied using the tensile test, dynamic mechanical analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and torque rheometry. The results suggest that ABS is a suitable candidate to improve the foamability of PP. The effect of ABS and compatibilizer on the foamability of PP can be attributed to three possible mechanisms, that is, the weak interaction between phases that facilitates cell nucleation, the improved gas-melt viscosity that prevents the escape of gas, and the influence of crystallization behavior that helps to form a fine foaming structure.

A Study on the Optimization of Solvent Debinding Process for Powder Injection Molded 316L Stainless Steel Parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Faiz Ahmad ◽  
P.S.M. Bm-Yousoff ◽  
Khurram Altaf ◽  
Afian Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Blade Mixer ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Debinding Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

Optimization of solvent debinding process parameters for powder injection molded 316L stainless steel (SS) has been reported in this research work. Powder gas atomized (PGA) 316L SS was blended with a multicomponent binder in Z-blade mixer at 170°C ± 5°C for 90 minutes. Feedstock was successfully injected at temperature 170 ± 5°C. Injection molded samples were immersed in n-heptane for 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h at temperatures 50°C ,55°C and 60°C to extract the soluble binder components. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results attested that soluble binder components were completely extracted from injection molded samples at temperature 55°C after 6h.

scholarly journals Electrospinning of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Filled Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Solutions: Material Property Assessment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elliott Sanders ◽  
Yousoo Han ◽  
Todd S. Rushing ◽  
Douglas J. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Property Assessment ◽  
Vinyl Group ◽  
Random Composite ◽  
Scanning Electron

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) random composite mats were prepared using the electrospinning method. PVA/CNC mats were reinforced with weight concentrations of 0, 20 and 50% CNC (w/w) relative to PVA. Scanning electron microscopy was used to measure the fiber diameter, which ranged from 377 to 416 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the presence of CNC fibers in the mat fibers which were not visible by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical testing was conducted using ASTM D 638 on each sample group at 10 mm min−1. Neat PVA and PVA/CNC mats were heat treated at 170 °C for 2h hours, and the morphological structure was maintained with some fiber diameter reduction. Mechanical property results after heat treatment showed a decrease in tensile strength, an increase in tensile stiffness and a decrease in strain to yield (%). This effect was attributable to enhanced diffusion bonding of the mat fiber intersections. The CNC fibers also increased mat stiffness, and reduced strain to yield in non-treated mats. The use of CNCs show potential for compounding into bulk polymer composites as a reinforcement filler, and also show promise for chemical crosslinking attributable to the –OH groups on both the PVA, in addition to esterification of the vinyl group, and CNC.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Active Carbon from Utilization of Red Chili Trees (Capsicum annuum L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Ni Made Dwidiani ◽  
Putu Wijaya Sunu ◽  
Gusti Ngurah Nitya Santhiarsa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Made In

This work studies the use of red chilli tree (capsicum anuumm L) waste as material of activated carbon and examines the morphological structure and elemental composition of the activated chili trees. The morphological structure was measured at TekMIRA (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, Bandung) by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the composition of the elements of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and ash is determined by the ultimate testing analysis with the ASTM D5373 standard. In the testing procedure, activated carbon is made from red chili tree waste by dehydration with a temperature of 2000 C for 1 hour and carbonized with a temperature of 3750 C for 1 hour. Then, the chemical activation (NaOH) is made in variation of concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5% with soaked time 24 hours, and dried at 2000 C for one hour. The carbonization at a concentration of 1% (NaOH) gave the best result on activated carbon from red chili trees.

scholarly journals The influence of blowing agent addition, talc filler content, and injection velocity on selected properties, surface state, and structure of polypropylene injection molded parts

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Palutkiewicz ◽  
Milena Trzaskalska ◽  
Elżbieta Bociąga
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Blowing Agents ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Injection Cycle

The effects of blowing agent, talc, and injection velocity on properties of polypropylene molded parts were presented. Blowing agent was dosed to plastic in amounts 1–2% and talc 10–20%. The results of selected properties, such as weight, thickness, hardness, impact strength, tensile strength, and gloss, were presented. The article also presents microscopic investigations. The blowing agent and talc content have a large impact on mechanical properties and gloss of parts than addition of blowing agent. The use of the blowing agent in an amount of 2 wt% will allow the reduce injection cycle time by reducing the hold pressure and hold time. Addition of blowing agents lowers of tensile strength, hardness, impact strength, and significantly affected the gloss. Talc filler contributes to a significant increase in the weight of parts, a decrease in hardness, impact strength, and tensile strength. The injection velocity has no significant effect on parts properties.

scholarly journals Microwave Foaming of Materials: An Emerging Field

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2477
Author(s):  
Mukarram Zubair ◽  
Rebecca Ferrari ◽  
Omar Alagha ◽  
Nuhu Dalhat Mu’azu ◽  
Nawaf I. Blaisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Behavior ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Expansion ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Processing Factors

In the last two decades, the application of microwave heating to the processing of materials has to become increasingly widespread. Microwave-assisted foaming processes show promise for industrial commercialization due to the potential advantages that microwaves have shown compared to conventional methods. These include reducing process time, improved energy efficiency, solvent-free foaming, reduced processing steps, and improved product quality. However, the interaction of microwave energy with foaming materials, the effects of critical processing factors on microwave foaming behavior, and the foamed product’s final properties are still not well-explored. This article reviews the mechanism and principles of microwave foaming of different materials. The article critically evaluates the impact of influential foaming parameters such as blowing agent, viscosity, precursor properties, microwave conditions, additives, and filler on the interaction of microwave, foaming material, physical (expansion, cellular structure, and density), mechanical, and thermal properties of the resultant foamed product. Finally, the key challenges and opportunities for developing industrial microwave foaming processes are identified, and areas for potential future research works are highlighted.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Packaging Materials Based on Thermoplastic Starch

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Ocelić Bulatović ◽  
Anamarija Turković ◽  
Emi Govorčin Bajsić ◽  
Romana Zovko ◽  
Antun Jozinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Short Service Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is extensively used as packaging material, and as such has a short service life, but long environmental persistence. The alternative to reducing the impact of LDPE as packaging material on the environment is to blend it with carbohydrate-based polymers, like starch. Therefore, the focus of this investigation was to prepare bio-based blends of LDPE and thermoplastic starch (TPS) containing different amounts of TPS using a Brabender kneading chamber. Due to incompatibility of LDPE/ TPS blends, a styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene block copolymer, grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) containing 2 mol % anhydride groups, was added as a compatibilizer. The effect of the biodegradable, hydrophilic TPS, its content, and the incorporation of the compatibilizer on the properties of LDPE/TPS blends were analysed. The characterization was performed by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water absorption (WA). Based on the results of the morphological structure, a good dispersion of the TPS phase in LDPE matrix was obtained with the incorporation of compatibilizer, which resulted in better thermal and barrier properties of these materials.

scholarly journals Water-Soluble and Biodegradable Pectin-Grafted Polyacrylamide and Pectin-Grafted Polyacrylic Acid: Electrochemical Investigation of Corrosion-Inhibition Behaviour on Mild Steel in 3.5% NaCl Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Geethanjali ◽  
A. Ali Fathima Sabirneeza ◽  
S. Subhashini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Electrochemical Investigation ◽  
Grafted Polymers ◽  
Tafel Polarization ◽  
Inhibition Performance ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pectin-g-polyacrylamide (denoted as Pec-g-PAAm) and pectin-g-polyacrylic acid (denoted as Pec-g-PAA) were synthesized using pectin, acrylamide, and acrylic acid as starting materials. The grafted polymers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyser (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion inhibition behaviour of the grafted polymers on mild steel in 3.5% NaCl was evaluated electrochemically through Tafel polarization and impedance studies. The corrosion inhibition performance of both the polymers was found to be around 85%.

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