scholarly journals Improved Mechanical Properties of Copoly(Phthalazinone Ether Sulphone)s Composites Reinforced by Multiscale Carbon Fibre/Graphene Oxide Reinforcements: A Step Closer to Industrial Production

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Xiuxiu Yang ◽  
Feng Bao ◽  
Yunxing Pan ◽  
Chenghao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Matrix Interface ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Hybrid Fibre ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

The properties of carbon fibre (CF) reinforced composites rely heavily on the fibre-matrix interface. To enhance the interfacial properties of CF/copoly(phthalazinone ether sulfone)s (PPBES) composites, a series of multiscale hybrid carbon fibre/graphene oxide (CF/GO) reinforcements were fabricated by a multistep deposition strategy. The optimal GO loading in hybrid fibres was investigated. Benefiting from the dilute GO aqueous solution and repeated deposition procedures, CF/GO (0.5%) shows a homogeneous distribution of GO on the hybrid fibre surface, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thereby ensuring that its PPBES composite possesses the highest interlaminar shear strength (91.5 MPa) and flexural strength (1886 MPa) with 16.0% and 24.1% enhancements, respectively, compared to its non-reinforced counterpart. Moreover, the incorporation of GO into the interface is beneficial for the hydrothermal ageing resistance and thermo-mechanical properties of the hierarchical composite. This means that a mass production strategy for enhancing mechanical properties of CF/PPBES by regulating the fiber-matrix interface was developed.

A Novel Approach to the Functionalisation of Pristine Carbon Fibre Using Azomethine 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linden Servinis ◽  
Thomas R. Gengenbach ◽  
Mickey G. Huson ◽  
Luke C. Henderson ◽  
Bronwyn L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Matrix

We demonstrate the utilisation of an azomethine 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with carbon fibre to graft complex molecules onto the fibre surface. In an effort to enhance the interfacial interaction of the fibre to the matrix, the functionalised fibres possessed a pendant amine that is able to interact with epoxy resins. Functionalisation was supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the grafting process had no detrimental effects on tensile strength compared with the control (untreated) fibres. Also, microscopic roughness (as determined by atomic force microscopy) and fibre topography were unchanged after the described treatment process. This methodology complements existing methodology aimed at enhancing the surface of carbon fibres for advanced material applications while not compromising the desirable strength profile. Single-fibre fragmentation tests show a statistically significant decrease in fragment length compared with the control fibres in addition to transverse cracking within the curing resin, both of which indicate an enhanced interaction between fibre and resin.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties, Surface Assessment, and Structural Analysis of Functionalized CFRPs after Accelerated Weathering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4092
Author(s):  
Dionisis Semitekolos ◽  
Georgios Konstantopoulos ◽  
Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta ◽  
Craig Jones ◽  
Amit Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

The present study focuses on the effect of two novel carbon fibre surface treatments, electropolymerisation of methacrylic acid and air pressure plasma, on the mechanical properties and structural integrity of carbon-fibre-reinforced composites under operational conditions. Extensive mechanical testing was applied, both in nano- and macro-scale, to assess the performance of the composites and the interphase properties after ultraviolet/humidity weathering. The results of the mechanical assessment are supported by structure, surface, and chemistry examination in order to reveal the failure mechanism of the composites. Composites with the electropolymerisation treatment exhibited an increase of 11.8% in interlaminar shear strength, while APP treatment improved the property of 23.9%, rendering both surface treatments effective in increasing the fibre-matrix adhesion. Finally, it was proven that the developed composites can withstand operational conditions in the long term, rendering them suitable for a wide variety of structural and engineering applications.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide with cuprous oxide film under UV-vis irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Jianqing Feng ◽  
Lihua Jin ◽  
Chengshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Effect

AbstractWe have grown Cu2O films by different routes including self-oxidation and metal-organic deposition (MOD). The reduction efficiency of Cu2O films on graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by modified Hummer’s method has been studied. Surface morphology and chemical state of as-prepared Cu2O film and GO sheets reduced at different conditions have also been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that self-oxidation Cu2O film is more effective on phtocatalytic reduction of GO than MOD-Cu2O film. Moreover, reduction effect of self-oxidation Cu2O film to GO is comparable to that of environmental-friendly reducing agent of vitamin C. The present results offer a potentially eco-friendly and low-cost approach for the manufacture of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by photocatalytic reduction.

Characterization of X-ray irradiated graphene oxide coatings using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Blanton ◽  
Debasis Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carbon Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After

In an effort to study an alternative approach to make graphene from graphene oxide (GO), exposure of GO to high-energy X-ray radiation has been performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to characterize GO before and after irradiation. Results indicate that GO exposed to high-energy radiation is converted to an amorphous carbon phase that is conductive.

Effect of Graphene Oxide on Interfacial Interactions and Fracture Toughness of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6760-6767
Author(s):  
Seong Hwang Kim ◽  
Soo-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Microstructured Fibers ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Multiscale hierarchy is a promising chemical approach that provides superior performance in syner-gistically integrated microstructured fibers and nanostructured materials in composite applications. The main purpose of this work was to introduce graphene oxide (GO) between an epoxy matrix and basalt fibers to improve mechanical properties by enhancing interfacial adhesion. The composites were reinforced with various concentrations of GO. For all of the fabricated composites, the optimum GO content was found to be 0.5 wt%, which improved the interlaminar shear strength and fracture toughness by 66.2% and 86.1%, respectively, compared with those of neat composites. We observed a direct linear relationship between fracture toughness and certain surface free energy. In addition, the fracture toughness mechanisms were illustrated using a crack theory based on morphology analyses of fracture surfaces. Such an effort could accelerate the conversion of multi-scale composites into high-performance materials and provide rational guidance and fundamental understanding toward realizing the theoretical limits of mechanical properties.

Carbon Fiber Surface Modification by Plasma Treatment for Interface Adhesion Improvements of Aerospace Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 1135 ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Lima Santos ◽  
Edson Cocchieri Botelho ◽  
Konstantin Georgiev Kostov ◽  
Mario Ueda ◽  
Leide Lili G. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

This paper is focused on the processing of thermoplastic composite materials obtained from carbon fibers (CFs) treated by plasma assisted techniques. The treatments employed in this work were the Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD), which is done at atmospheric pressure, involving lower energies and the Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII), which is performed at low pressure, involving higher energies. After the treatments, samples characterizations were performed to determine which treatment is most effective to get better physico-chemical CF surface properties. The techniques employed in this work in order to evaluate the surface treatment were: scanning electron microscopy (SEM); atomic force microscopy (AFM) Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Treated and untreated CFs/Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites were processed by hot-compression molding technique. These composites were evaluated by interlaminar shear tests (ILSS). After analyzing the results, it was found that the treatments increased the CF roughness and caused slight changes in the CF structure. In addition, there was an increase in the shear strength of the composites obtained from treated fibers by both plasma processes. In conclusion, DBD and PIII treatments are effective tools for improving adhesion between CF and the polymeric matrix.

scholarly journals Carbonaceous Materials Coated Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidita Salahuddin ◽  
Shaikh N. Faisal ◽  
Tajwar A. Baigh ◽  
Mohammed N. Alghamdi ◽  
Mohammad S. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites have high mechanical properties that make them exemplary engineered materials to carry loads and stresses. Coupling fibre and matrix together require good understanding of not only fibre morphology but also matrix rheology. One way of having a strongly coupled fibre and matrix interface is to size the reinforcing fibres by means of micro- or nanocarbon materials coating on the fibre surface. Common coating materials used are carbon nanotubes and nanofibres and graphene, and more recently carbon black (colloidal particles of virtually pure elemental carbon) and graphite. There are several chemical, thermal, and electrochemical processes that are used for coating the carbonous materials onto a carbon fibre surface. Sizing of fibres provides higher interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix and allows better fibre wetting by the surrounded matrix material. This review paper goes over numerous techniques that are used for engineering the interface between both fibre and matrix systems, which is eventually the key to better mechanical properties of the composite systems.

Surface Modification of PBO Fibres by Gamma-Ray Irradiation: Effects on Interfacial Properties of their Epoxy Composites

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
C.H. Zhang ◽  
Y.D. Huang ◽  
L. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Fracture Topography ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

The surfaces of poly [p-phenylene benzobisoxazole] (PBO) fibres were grafted with epichlorohydrin by a gamma (γ)-ray irradiation method. The influence of irrdiation dose on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS), interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and the fibre wettability were investigated. In addition, the fibre surface composition, and the shear fracture topography of PBO fibre/epoxy resin composites were analysed by X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results indicate that a dose of 30KGy was the optimal condition for PBO fibre surface modification. The oxygen content of the irradiated PBO fibres was 22% higher than that of the untreated ones, and chlorine atoms were introduced onto the surface of the fibres through grafting actions between epichlorohydrin and PBO. The wettability of the epichlorohydrin-grafted PBO fibres was significantly increased, and the values of IFSS and ILSS of its composites were increased by 70% and 135%, respectively. SEM shows that the improved interfacial adhesion resulted in a change in the failure mode of PBO fibre/epoxy composite from an adhesive-type interfacial failure to a cohesive-like matrix failure.

scholarly journals Fabrication of silane-grafted graphene oxide and its effect on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and hysteretic behavior of polyurethane

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Hyung Lee ◽  
Seong Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Incorporation of nanofillers into polyurethane (PU) is a promising technique for enhancing its thermal and mechanical properties. Silane grafting has been used as a surface treatment for the functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with numerous reactive sites dispersed on its basal plane and edge. In this study, amine-grafted GO was prepared using silanization of GO with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The functionalized graphene oxide (fGO) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Next, it was introduced in PU fabricated using polycaprolactone diol, castor oil, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The fGO–PU nanocomposites were in turn characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and a universal testing machine. The results obtained from these analyses showed changes in structural thermal properties, as well as improved thermal stability and mechanical properties because of the strong interfacial adhesion between the fGO and the PU matrix.

Effects of Different Sizing Agents on the Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Qing Bo Zhang ◽  
Kai Qiang Sui ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Da Wei Jiang ◽  
Guang Shun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
Sizing Agents

In this work, carbon fibers were sized with three different sizing agents in order to improve the performances of carbon fibers and the interface of carbon fibers composites. The surface characteristic was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), at the same time, the single fiber strengths and weibull distributions were also studied in order to understand the effect of different sizing agents on carbon fibers. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites was also measured to study the effect of fiber coatings on the interface of the composites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also used to analyze the element composition of carbon fiber modified by different sizing agents. This investigation shows that different sizing agents could give a different composition of surface functional group for carbon fiber, which is crucial to the interfacial performance of carbon fiber composites.

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