scholarly journals Improved Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of XNBR Dielectric Elastomer Actuator by Poly(dopamine) Functionalized Graphene Nano-Sheets

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Yang ◽  
Xinxin Kong ◽  
Yufeng Ni ◽  
Mengnan Ruan ◽  
Shuo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups

In this work, graphene nano-sheets (GNS) functionalized with poly(dopamine) (PDA) (denoted as GNS-PDA) were dispersed in a carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) matrix to obtain excellent dielectric composites via latex mixing. Because hydrogen bonds were formed between –COOH groups of XNBR and phenolic hydroxyl groups of PDA, the encapsulation of GNS-PDA around XNBR latex particles was achieved, and led to a segregated network structure of filler formed in the GNS-PDA/XNBR composite. Thus, the XNBR composite filled with GNS-PDA showed improved filler dispersion, enhanced dielectric constant and dielectric strength, and decreased conductivity compared with the XNBR composite filled with pristine GNS. Finally, the GNS-PDA/XNBR composite displayed an actuated strain of 2.4% at 18 kV/mm, and this actuated strain was much larger than that of pure XNBR (1.3%) at the same electric field. This simple, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and effective method provides a promising route for obtaining a high-performance dielectric elastomer with improved mechanical and electrochemical properties.

scholarly journals Hydrophilic PAN based carbon nanofibres with improved graphitic structure and enhanced mechanical performance using ethylenediamine functionalized graphene

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2621-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Li ◽  
Omid Zabihi ◽  
Jinfeng Wang ◽  
Quanxiang Li ◽  
Jiemin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Carbon Nanofibres ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Graphitic Structure

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) reinforced with nano-carbons such as graphene (Gr) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provides great opportunity for the development of low-cost and high-performance carbon materials.

scholarly journals Application of FT-IR Spectroscopy for Investigation of Pink Water Remediation by Pine Bark

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Mara Grube ◽  
Olga Chusova ◽  
Marita Gavare ◽  
Karlis Shvirksts ◽  
Emma Nehrenheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

This study demonstrates the application of FT-IR spectroscopy for investigating the remediation of pink water with the low cost adsorbent pine bark. The removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from pink water by adsorption to pine bark was accompanied by a reduction in intensities of peaks at 1544 and 1347 cm in the spectra of acetonitrile extracts of the pine bark. Hierarchial cluster analysis differentiated samples with high (30-180 mg/L) and low (0-4 mg/L) TNT concentrations, demonstrating the potential of this approach as a quick screening method for the control of the removal of TNT from pink water. The amount of lignin in pine bark was inversely proportional to the size of the pine bark particles, while the concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increases with increasing size of pine bark particles. FT-IR spectra showed that as well as TNT, pine bark can also adsorb nitramine explosives such as RDX and HMX.

scholarly journals Organic Solvent Free Process to Fabricate High Performance Silicon/Graphite Composite Anode

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Chen Fang ◽  
Haiqing Xiao ◽  
Tianyue Zheng ◽  
Hua Bai ◽  
Gao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Composite Anodes

Cycling stability is a key challenge for application of silicon (Si)-based composite anodes as the severe volume fluctuation of Si readily leads to fast capacity fading. The binder is a crucial component of the composite electrodes. Although only occupying a small amount of the total composite mass, the binder has major impact on the long-term electrochemical performance of Si-based anodes. In recent years, water-based binders including styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) have attracted wide research interest as eco-friendly and low-cost alternatives for the conventional poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) binder in Si anodes. In this study, Si-based composite anodes are fabricated by simple solid mixing of the active materials with subsequent addition of SBR and CMC binders. This approach bypasses the use of toxic and expansive organic solvents. The factors of binder, silicon, and graphite materials have been systematically investigated. It is found that the retained capacities of the anodes are more than 440 mAh/g after 400 cycles. These results indicate that organic solvent free process is a facile strategy for producing high performance silicon/graphite composite anodes.

Characterization of slide ring materials for dielectric elastomer actuators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shintake ◽  
Koya Matsuno ◽  
Kazumasa Baba ◽  
Hiromitsu Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performances

Abstract This paper investigates the characteristics of sliding ring materials (SRMs), which are promising elastomeric materials for dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). Two different types of SRMs with Young's modulus of 0.8 MPa and 3.3 MPa, respectively, are prepared, and their material and mechanical properties and electro-mechanical performances at electric fields of up to 30 V/um are characterized. For comparison, the same tests are also performed on several commercially available elastomers: Elastosil 2030, Ecoflex 00-30, CF19-2186, and VHB 4905. The results reveal that SRMs demonstrate negligible Mullins effect and hysteresis, while their dielectric strength (62.4‒112.4 V/µm) and viscoelasticity (tan⁡δ 0.07‒0.24 at 10 Hz) are comparable or even superior to those of other elastomers. In addition, elongation at break is found to be 163.8‒172.1%. SRMs exhibit excellent electro-mechanical performance; for instance, one of the two types has an actuation force 293.2 mN at 24.9 V/µm and a strain of 5.2% at 22.3 V/µm. These values are the largest or larger than most of the tested elastomers. The high performance of SRMs results from their dielectric constant, which ranges from 10.3‒13.4, leading to an electro-mechanical sensitivity of up to 15.3 MPa-1. These results illustrate SRMs as attractive material options for DEAs.

scholarly journals ZrO2/g-C3N4 Hybrid Nanocomposite: An Efficient and Eco-Friendly Recyclable Catalyst for the Trimethylsilyl Protection of Hydroxyl Groups and Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghafuri ◽  
Ghazaleh Jafari ◽  
Nahal Goodarzi ◽  
Afsaneh Rashidizadeh
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Earth Abundant

Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to heterogeneous catalysts. Generally, heterogeneous catalysts offer several advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, high throughput, and ease of work-up procedures. Among the heterogeneous catalysts investigated, polymeric mesoporous graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) have attracted much attention recently due to strong van der Waals interactions between the layers. g-C3N4 is chemically stable against acidic, basic, and organic solvents, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also reveals that g-C3N4 is thermally stable even in air up to 600 °C, which can be attributed to its aromatic C-N heterocycles. More importantly, g-C3N4 is only composed of two earth-abundant elements: carbon and nitrogen. This not only suggests that it can be easily prepared at low cost, but also that its properties can be tuned by simple strategies without significant alteration of the overall composition. The last approach is considered to be the most efficient way to design high-performance heterogeneous catalysts utilizing g-C3N4 as a catalyst support. An interesting phenomenon is that the modification is mainly focused on metal oxides. Zirconia (ZrO2) is a physically rigid material with chemical inertness. It has high resistance against attacks by acids, alkalis, oxidants, and reductants. In this study, a ZrO2/g-C3N4 hybrid nanocomposite was shown to be an excellent catalyst for the conversion of alcohols and phenols into their corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) under solvent-free conditions and for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates. In addition, ZrO2/g-C3N4 could easily be recycled after separation from the reaction mixture without considerable loss in catalytic activity.

scholarly journals Recyclable High-Performance Epoxy-Anhydride Resins with DMP-30 as the Catalyst of Transesterification Reactions

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Wenzhe Zhao ◽  
Le An ◽  
Shujuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Epoxy Oligomer ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Alcoholic Hydroxyl

Epoxy-anhydride resins are widely used in engineering fields due to their excellent performance. However, the insolubility and infusibility make the recycling of epoxy resins challenging. The development of degradable epoxy resins with stable covalent networks provides an efficient solution to the recycling of thermosets. In this paper, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP-30) is incorporated into the epoxy-glutaric anhydride (GA) system to prepare high-performance epoxy resins that can be recycled below 200 °C at ordinary pressure via ethylene glycol (EG) participated transesterification. The tertiary amine groups in DMP-30 can catalyze the curing reaction of epoxy and anhydride, as well as the transesterification between ester bonds and alcoholic hydroxyl groups. Compared with early recyclable anhydride-cured epoxy resins, the preparation and recycling of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/GA/DMP-30 systems do not need any special catalysts such as TBD, Zn(Ac)2, etc., which are usually expensive, toxic, and have poor compatibility with other compounds. The resulting resins have glass transition temperatures and strengths similar to those of conventional epoxy resins. The influences of GA content, DMP-30 content, and temperature on the dissolution rate were studied. The decomposed epoxy oligomer (DEO) is further used as a reaction ingredient to prepare new resins. It is found that the DEO can improve the toughness of epoxy resins significantly. This work provides a simple method to prepare readily recyclable epoxy resins, which is of low-cost and easy to implement.

scholarly journals Improving the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of XNBR Using ILs/KH550-Functionalized Multilayer Graphene

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2800
Author(s):  
Duoli Chen ◽  
Chaoliang Gan ◽  
Xiaoqiang Fan ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Multilayer Graphene ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Modified Graphene

Graphene has been considered an ideal nanoscale reinforced phase for preparing high-performance composites, but the poor compatibility and weak interfacial interaction with the matrix have limited its application. Here a highly effective and environmentally friendly method for the functionalization of graphene is proposed through an interaction between as-exfoliated graphene and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550), in which 1-butylsulfonate-3-methylimidazolium bisulfate (BSO3HMIm)(HSO4) ionic-liquids-modified graphene was prepared via an electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in (BSO3HMIm)(HSO4) solution, then (BSO3HMIm)(HSO4)-modified graphene as a precursor was reacted with amine groups of KH550 for obtaining (BSO3HMIm)(HSO4)/KH550-functionalized graphene. The final products as filler into carboxylated acrylonitrile‒butadiene rubber (XNBR) improve the dynamic mechanical properties. The improvement in the dynamic mechanical properties of the nanocomposite mainly depends on high interfacial interaction and graphene’s performance characteristics, as well as a good dispersion between functionalized graphene and the XNBR matrix.

scholarly journals An approach towards tailoring interfacial structures and properties of multiphase renewable thermoplastics from lignin–nitrile rubber

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 5423-5437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Bova ◽  
Chau D. Tran ◽  
Mikhail Y. Balakshin ◽  
Jihua Chen ◽  
Ewellyn A. Capanema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Interfacial Structures ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Reactive Mixing

High-performance multiphase thermoplastics were synthesized by reactive mixing of unmodified industrial lignin and low-cost additives in a matrix of general-purpose acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR).

scholarly journals A Brief Description of Cyclic Voltammetry Transducer-Based Non-Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor Using Synthesized Graphene Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Mohamed Husien Fahmy Taha ◽  
Hager Ashraf ◽  
Wahyu Caesarendra
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Glucose Sensors ◽  
Fourth Generation

The essential disadvantages of conventional glucose enzymatic biosensors such as high fabrication cost, poor stability of enzymes, pH value-dependent, and dedicated limitations, have been increasing the attraction of non-enzymatic glucose sensors research. Beneficially, patients with diabetes could use this type of sensor as a fourth-generation of glucose sensors with a very low cost and high performance. We demonstrate the most common acceptable transducer for a non-enzymatic glucose biosensor with a brief description of how it works. The review describes the utilization of graphene and its composites as new materials for high-performance non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. The electrochemical properties of graphene and the electrochemical characterization using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique of electrocatalysis electrodes towards glucose oxidation have been summarized. A recent synthesis method of the graphene-based electrodes for non-enzymatic glucose sensors have been introduced along with this study. Finally, the electrochemical properties such as linearity, sensitivity, and the limit of detection (LOD) for each sensor are introduced with a comparison with each other to figure out their strengths and weaknesses.

Design of an Antagonistic Bistable Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Using the Bergstrom-Boyce Constitutive Viscoelastic Model

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Chouinard ◽  
Sylvain Proulx ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lucking Bigue´ ◽  
Jean-Se´bastien Plante
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Film ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Acrylic Polymer ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Relaxation Curves

Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEA) has great potential for low cost, high performance robotic and mechatronic devices. However, the reliability of these actuators remains an important issue when used in continuous strain applications. To improve actuators reliability, DEAs can be used in a binary or bistable manner where actuators flip between two stable positions, thus maintaining one of two equilibrium states without any electrical energy input. This paper presents an antagonistic bistable DEA concept using a single, planar polymer film that can lead to compact high force multilayered actuators. The system is made bistable by the addition of carbon fiber leaf springs designed to maximize actuator strain output. The strong viscoelastic nature of the chosen polymer film significantly affects the system’s output force and is accounted for in the Bergstrom-Boyce material model. The model shows good agreement with experimental stress relaxation curves and is used to set the leaf springs’ force curve. Experimental results have shown that the acrylic polymer film’s (VHB 4905) strong viscoelastic nature limits the actuator speed at ∼ 0.9 mm/s; at higher speeds, the leaf springs cannot be matched with the proposed concept. The study also demonstrates that the proposed antagonistic actuator configuration is an interesting solution to provide reliable bistable actuation for compact structures and that developing polymer films with low viscoelasticity is key for optimal performance.

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