scholarly journals Polyaspartamide Functionalized Catechol-Based Hydrogels Embedded with Silver Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Properties

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milène Tan ◽  
Youngjin Choi ◽  
Jaeyun Kim ◽  
Ji-Heung Kim ◽  
Katharina Fromm
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Release Kinetic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
20 Nm

In this study, polyaspartamide-based hydrogels were synthesized by boron-catechol coordination followed by incorporation of AgNPs into the materials. Free catechol moieties were exploited to produce AgNPs. TEM analyses displayed AgNPs of less than 20 nm in diameter and with minimum aggregation, attesting the role of hydrogels to act as an efficient template for the production of dispersed particles. XRD analyses confirmed the mean particle size using the Scherrer equation. Release kinetic studies were performed in DMEM medium, showing a slow release over a long time-period. Finally, the MIC and MBC were determined, demonstrating a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli.

Control of disinfection and halogenated disinfection byproducts by the electrochemical process

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. Jung ◽  
B.S. Oh ◽  
J.W. Kang ◽  
M.A. Page ◽  
M.J. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Inactivation Kinetic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Electrochemical Processes

The aim of this study was to investigate some aspects of the performance of electrochemical process as an alternative disinfection strategy, while minimising DBPs, for water purification. The study of electrochemical processes has shown free chlorine to be produced, but smaller amounts of stronger oxidants, such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide and OH radicals (•OH), were also generated. The formation of mixed oxidants increased with increasing electric conductivity, but was limited at conductivities greater than 0.6 mS/cm. Using several microorganisms, such as E. coli and MS2 bacteriophage, inactivation kinetic studies were performed. With the exception of free chlorine, the role of mixed oxidants, especially OH radicals, was investigated for enhancement of the inactivation rate. Additionally, the formation and reduction of DBPs was studied by monitoring the concentration of haloacetic acids (HAAs) during the process.

The changing pattern of UK strikes, 1964-2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Lyddon
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Strike Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the changing strike activity in the UK over the last 50 years. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a wide literature on UK strikes and an extensive trawl of newspaper sources. It is divided into four main sections. The first two summarise, in turn, the changing amount and locus of strike activity between 1964 and 2014. The third discusses the changing relationship and balance between official and unofficial strikes. The last covers the role of the courts and legislation on strikes, highlighting some key moments in this turbulent history. Findings – The period 1964-2014 can be divided into three sub-periods: high-strike activity until 1979; a transition period of “coercive pacification” in the 1980s; and unprecedentedly low-strike activity since the early 1990s. Unions were more combative against the legislative changes of the 1980s than they are normally given credit for. Research limitations/implications – Given its broad scope, this paper cannot claim to be comprehensive. Originality/value – This is a rare study of the changing nature of UK strikes over such a long time period.

scholarly journals Progression of vertebral fractures in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma undergoing mitotane therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Cosentini ◽  
Salvatore Grisanti ◽  
Julien Hadoux ◽  
Rossella Libè ◽  
Michele Frigerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Spinal Deformity Index ◽  
Independent Association

Abstract Context patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are frequently on mitotane therapy for a long-time period. The drug exerts an adrenolytic activity requiring glucocorticoid supplementation, which can be potentially detrimental for bone. Objectives to explore whether mitotane plus/minus chemotherapy is associated with an increased proportion of morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) in ACC patients. Secondary objectives were: proportion of patients with VF progression, or worsening of the spinal deformity index (SDI) during mitotane therapy; predictive factors of VF progression and prognostic role of VF progression. Design and setting multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients with ACC who received mitotane alone or in association to chemotherapy, recruited from January 2010 to January 2020 in two reference centers in Italy and France. Results a significant increase in the frequency of VFs before and after mitotane therapy was seen both in Italian (28.3% vs 47.8%, p: 0.04) and French (17.8% vs 35.6%, p 0.04) series. VF progression was observed in 39.1%, and 28.9% of patients, respectively. Baseline VFs and increased patient body mass index, but not the dose of cortisol supplementation, showed an independent association with VF progression at multivariate analysis. Among the 72 advanced ACC patients, progression of VFs was associated with a poorer survival. Conclusions the administration of mitotane plus/minus chemotherapy in ACC patients impairs bone health independently from cortisol supplementation. Appropriate preventive measures to decrease the fracture risk should be implemented in these patients.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, cDNA Cloning, and Antimicrobial Properties of Two Distinct Subfamilies of α-Defensins from Rhesus Macaque Leukocytes

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 6139-6144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Quan Tang ◽  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Christopher J. Miller ◽  
Michael E. Selsted
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Posttranslational Processing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

ABSTRACT Experiments to isolate and characterize rhesus macaque myeloid α-defensins (RMADs) were conducted. Seven RMAD peptides were isolated and sequenced, and the cDNAs encoding six of these peptides and one other α-defensin from bone marrow were also characterized. Four of the RMADs were found to be highly similar to human neutrophil α-defensins HNP-1 to HNP-3, while the remaining four peptides were much more similar to human enteric α-defensin HD-5. Two α-defensin pairs differed only by the presence or absence of an additional arginine at the amino termini of their mature peptides, indicative of alternate posttranslational processing. The primary translation products of RMAD-1 to -8 are 94- and 96-amino-acid prepropeptides that are highly similar to those of human α-defensins. Immunolocalization experiments revealed a granular cytoplasmic pattern in the cytoplasms of neutrophils, indistinguishable from the pattern observed after immunostaining of human myeloid α-defensins in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Each of the purified peptides was tested for its in vitro activities against Staphylococcus aureus 502a,Listeria monocytogenes EGD, Escherichia coliML35, and Cryptococcus neoformans 271A. Several of the peptides were microbicidal for the gram-positive bacteria and C. neoformans at defensin concentrations in the range of 2 to 5 μM. All of the peptides were bacteriostatic against E. coli, but none were bactericidal for this organism. This study is the first to characterize the sequences and activities of α-defensins from nonhuman primates, data that should aid in delineating the role of these peptides in rhesus macaque host defense.

scholarly journals About the need of carrying out researches of wear resistance of groups of mating parts for ensuring anticipatory scheduling of repair influences

2019 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 00114
Author(s):  
Tatyana Ivanova ◽  
Nikolay Revenko ◽  
Olga Silivanova
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investments ◽  
Repair Service ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Labor Resources

The article shows the role of scientifically substantiated system of planning as the function of management of technical maintenance and repair of the equipment on the basis of the analysis of the factors influencing durability of operation of processing equipment of the industrial enterprises. It is shown that the use of system of fixed-schedule maintenance allows: to prepare the controllable and predictable over a long time period repair program according to the types of repair, the types of equipment , the workshops and the whole enterprise; to predict material, financial and labor resources, necessary capital investments in development of production base of repair service; to carry out preliminary preparation of repair work, to carry out them in the minimum terms; it increases the quality of repair and, finally, increases the reliability of the equipment.

scholarly journals Insights into Enzymic Catalysis from Studies on Dihydrofolate Reductases

Pteridines ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Benkovic ◽  
Joseph A. Adams ◽  
Carol A. Fierke ◽  
Adel M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Energy Profiles ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductases ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Conserved Amino Acids

Summary The role of DHFR in the maintenance of cellular DNA has sparked wide interest in the structure and dynamics of this enzyme. Kinetic studies of specific amino acid replacements on the enzyme isolated from E. coli has proved useful in the detailing of hydrophobic and ionic interactions both proximal and distal to the site of chemical transformation (e. g. Phe-31, Leu-54 and Arg-44). Despite the low sequence homology shared by the E. coli and L. easei enzymes, the free energy profiles are surprisingly comparable. This probably is the result of the high degree of structural similarity of the active site surfaces, but the deleterious effects of subtle replacements (e. g. Leu-54-Ile) at strictly conserved amino acids underscore the latters unique role in attaining the required catalytic efficiency for the enzyme.

The Local Sanarelli-Shwartzman Phenomenon in Rats Induced by Human Leukaemic Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
J Lisiewicz ◽  
A Pituch ◽  
J. A Litwin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Demarcation Line ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leukaemic Cells ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon

SummaryThe local Sanarelli-Shwartzman phenomenon (SSP-L) in the skin of 30 rats was induced by an intr a cutaneous sensitizing injection of leukaemic leucocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AL) and chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and challenged by an intravenous injection of 100(μ of E. coli endotoxin. SSP-L was observed in 7 rats after injection of CLL lymphocytes and in 6 and 2 rats after AL myeloblasts and the CGL granulocytes, respectively. The lesions in the skin after AL myeloblasts appeared in a shorter time and were of longer duration compared with those observed after CLL lymphocytes and CGL granulocytes. Histologically, the lesions consisted of areas of destruction in the superficial layers of the skin ; the demarcation line showed the presence of neutrophils, macrophages and erythrocytes. Haemorrhages and fibrin deposits near the demarcation line were larger after injection of CLL lymphocytes and AL myeloblasts than after CGL granulocytes. The possible role of leucocyte procoagulative substances in the differences observed have been discussed.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Disinfection of Fruits with Activated Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1864-1872
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Lower Effect

The effect of ionized aqueous solutions (anolytes and catholyte) in the processing of fruits (cherries, morellos, and strawberries) for decontamination has been tested. Freshly prepared analytes and catholyte without the addition of salts were used, as well as stored for 7 months anolytes, prepared with 0.5% NaCl and a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3. The anolyte prepared with a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3, as well as the anolyte obtained with 0.5% NaCl, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against the surface microflora of strawberries, cherries, and sour cherries. They inactivate E. coli for 15 minutes. The other species of the fam. Enterobacteriaceae were also affected to the maximum extent, as is the total number of microorganisms, especially in cherries and sour cherries. Even stored for 7 months, they largely retain their antimicrobial properties. Anolyte and catholyte, obtained without the addition of salts, showed a lower effect on the total number of microorganisms, but had a significant effect on Gram-negative bacteria, and especially with regard to the sanitary indicative E. coli.

ПОЕТИЧНА МОВОТВОРЧІСТЬ ЯК ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОЇ КАРТИНИ СВІТУ

2018 ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
М. В. Дзисюк
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Space ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Filling Ability ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
Space Saving ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Literary Techniques ◽  
Linguistic Process

Definitions of concept and sphere of the concept are widely used in different aspects of modern linguistics. There is no single understanding of these notions and universal methodology of research has not been invented by linguists yet. This predetermines topicality of the article. The aim of our research is analysis, generalization, and systematization of different approaches to the interpretation of the notion ‘concept’ that exist in modern linguistics. It results in the following tasks: analysis of existing definitions of concept and its division into certain ranges and defining classification features. Modern linguists raise the questions of the conceptual and linguistic image of the world, the role of a human factor in its formation and interaction as in a linguistic process more frequently and it is defined as a fact in today’s linguistic scientific literature. The problem of individual language formation, poetic one in particular gains important meaning in this context. Ukrainian linguists use the notion of ‘concept’ for a long time now although they adhere to different views on its definition. Researches of the question define two major approaches in the analysis of the notion ‘concept’ that is linguistic-cognitive and linguistic-cultural. We can claim that words-concepts are agents between material reality and the ideal world that is synthesized in poetry, carriers of sense since with their help the versatility of the real world correlates with eternal spiritual values. Therefore, main features of the notion ‘concept’ in which objectively-cognitive and subjectively-creative features are combines are as follow sensual authenticity, time-spatial features, mediation between material and spiritual, semantic filling, ability to polysemy. A word with a generally symbolic meaning that is implemented in a language process through literary techniques typical for poet’s idiotype is the main core of the concept. The concept in poetic language formation by modern Uman poets is semantically integral, fulfilled, able to penetrate into other concepts and absorb semantically narrower images saving unity and semantic independence, varying numerous interpretations that project it in a certain semantic space, saving potential of real reflection.

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