scholarly journals Hydrogel Biomaterials for Stem Cell Microencapsulation

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goeun Choe ◽  
Junha Park ◽  
Hansoo Park ◽  
Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Cell Microencapsulation ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

Stem cell transplantation has been recognized as a promising strategy to induce the regeneration of injured and diseased tissues and sustain therapeutic molecules for prolonged periods in vivo. However, stem cell-based therapy is often ineffective due to low survival, poor engraftment, and a lack of site-specificity. Hydrogels can offer several advantages as cell delivery vehicles, including cell stabilization and the provision of tissue-like environments with specific cellular signals; however, the administration of bulk hydrogels is still not appropriate to obtain safe and effective outcomes. Hence, stem cell encapsulation in uniform micro-sized hydrogels and their transplantation in vivo have recently garnered great attention for minimally invasive administration and the enhancement of therapeutic activities of the transplanted stem cells. Several important methods for stem cell microencapsulation are described in this review. In addition, various natural and synthetic polymers, which have been employed for the microencapsulation of stem cells, are reviewed in this article.

Systematic Intracellular Biocompatibility Assessments of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchyme Stem Cells in Testifying Its Reusability for Inner Cell Tracking by MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2179-2192
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xie ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Liudi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Until now, there is no effective method for tracking transplanted stem cells in human. Ruicun (RC) is a new ultra-small SPIONs agent that has been approved by China Food and Drug Administration for iron supplementation but not as a stem cell tracer in clinic. In this study, we demonstrated magnetic resonance imaging-based tracking of RC-labeled human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplanted to locally injured site of rat spinal cords. We then comprehensively evaluated the safety and quality of the RC-labeled MSCs under good manufacturing practicecompliant conditions, to investigate the feasibility of SPIONs for inner tracking in stem cell-based therapy (SCT). Our results showed that RC labeling at appropriate dose (200 μg/mL) did not have evident impacts on characteristics of MSCs in vitro, demonstrating safety, non-carcinogenesis, and non-tissue inflammation in vivo. The systematic assessments of intracellular biocompatibility indicated that the RC labeled MSCs met with mandatory requirements and standards for law-regulation systems regarding SCT, facilitating translation of cell-tracking technologies to clinical trials.

scholarly journals Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Transplantation for Liver Diseases: Monitoring, Clinical Translation, and Theranostics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Francesco Petrella ◽  
Luca Nicosia ◽  
Massimo Bellomi ◽  
Stefania Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Stem Cells Transplantation

Stem cell transplantation has been investigated to rescue experimental liver failure and is promising to offer an alternative therapy to liver transplantation for liver diseases treatment. Several clinical studies in this field have been carried out, but the therapeutic benefit of this treatment is still controversial. A major obstacle to developing stem cell therapies in clinic is being able to visualize the cells in vivo. Imaging modalities allow optimization of delivery, detecting cell survival and functionality by in vivo monitoring these transplanted graft cells. Moreover, theranostic imaging is a brand new field that utilizes nanometer-scale materials to glean diagnostic insight for simultaneous treatment, which is very promising to improve stem cell-based therapy for treatment of liver diseases. The aim of this review was to summarize the various imaging tools that have been explored with advanced molecular imaging probes. We also outline some recent progress of preclinical and clinical studies of liver stem cells transplantation. Finally, we discuss theranostic imaging for stem cells transplantation for liver dysfunction and future opportunities afforded by theranostic imaging.

scholarly journals Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Asherman Syndrome: Promises and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110207
Author(s):  
Yiyin Gao ◽  
Guijie Wu ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Donghai Zhao ◽  
Lianwen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Endometrial Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Endometrial Regeneration

Asherman syndrome (AS) has an adverse effect on reproductive health and fertility by affecting endometrial regeneration. Stem cell-based therapies hold promise for future use in activating non-functional endometrium and reconstructing the endometrium in vivo. It has been postulated that various endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) are responsible for endometrial regeneration. Numerous studies have focused on bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs), which may provide new ideas for repairing endometrial lesions and reconstructing the endometrium. Other sources of stem cells, such as menstrual blood, umbilical cord, and amniotic membrane, have also attracted much attention as candidates for transplantation in AS. This review discusses the features and specific biomarkers among four types of resident endometrial stem cells, applications of four different sources of exogenous stem cells in AS, and development of stem cell therapy using biomaterials and exosomes.

scholarly journals Stem Cell-Based Regeneration and Restoration for Retinal Ganglion Cell: Recent Advancements and Current Challenges

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Jingxue Zhang ◽  
Shen Wu ◽  
Zi-Bing Jin ◽  
Ningli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Function Recovery ◽  
Cellular Components

Glaucoma is a group of irreversible blinding eye diseases characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Currently, there is no effective method to fundamentally resolve the issue of RGC degeneration. Recent advances have revealed that visual function recovery could be achieved with stem cell-based therapy by replacing damaged RGCs with cell transplantation, providing nutritional factors for damaged RGCs, and supplying healthy mitochondria and other cellular components to exert neuroprotective effects and mediate transdifferentiation of autologous retinal stem cells to accomplish endogenous regeneration of RGC. This article reviews the recent research progress in the above-mentioned fields, including the breakthroughs in the fields of in vivo transdifferentiation of retinal endogenous stem cells and reversal of the RGC aging phenotype, and discusses the obstacles in the clinical translation of the stem cell therapy.

scholarly journals Ad-Dressing Stem Cells: Hydrogels for Encapsulation

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Leonidas Kandilogiannakis ◽  
Eirini Filidou ◽  
George Kolios ◽  
Vasilis Paspaliaris
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Synthetic Hydrogels ◽  
Almost All

Regenerative medicine is a novel scientific field that employs the use of stem cells as cell-based therapy for the regeneration and functional restoration of damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells bear characteristics such as the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation towards specific lineages and, therefore, serve as a backup reservoir in case of tissue injuries. Therapeutically, they can be autologously or allogeneically transplanted for tissue regeneration; however, allogeneic stem cell transplantation can provoke host immune responses leading to a host-versus-transplant reaction. A probable solution to this problem is stem cell encapsulation, a technique that utilizes various biomaterials for the creation of a semi-permeable membrane that encases the stem cells. Stem cell encapsulation can be accomplished by employing a great variety of natural and/or synthetic hydrogels and offers many benefits in regenerative medicine, including protection from the host’s immune system and mechanical stress, improved cell viability, proliferation and differentiation, cryopreservation and controlled and continuous delivery of the stem-cell-secreted therapeutic agents. Here, in this review, we report and discuss almost all natural and synthetic hydrogels used in stem cell encapsulation, along with the benefits that these materials, alone or in combination, could offer to cell therapy through functional cell encapsulation.

Real-Time Imaging Tracking of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Labeled with Lipid-Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanobubbles

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2271-2280
Author(s):  
Hongmei Liu ◽  
Sai Liu ◽  
Yangbiao Liang ◽  
Zhiting Deng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Wide Range

Stem-cell-based therapy has attracted considerable attention due to the significant benefits to patients experiencing a wide range of diseases and injuries. However, their underlying mechanism of action is not completely understood. One main reason is the lack of imaging tools for real-time tracking of deep-seated transplanted stem cells. For the present study, we exploited a lipid poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanobubble (LPN) probe with nanoscale size, good compatibility, and strong contrast-enhanced ultrasound signals. Due to the nanoscale particle size, cellular labeling of mesenchymal stem cells can be achieved via incubation with LPNs. Significantly enhanced ultrasound images of these labeled stem cells were obtained in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the labeled stem cells could be tracked by ultrasound imaging for up to 5 days. Additional evaluation found that the in vivo detection limit achieved 2,000 labeled stem cells in the subcutaneous tissues of living mice. Our study presents a strategy to achieve real-time ultrasound imaging tracking, paving the way for an investigation on the underlying mechanism and future clinical application of stem cell therapy.

scholarly journals KARTOGENIN BERBASIS NANOCRYSTALS-POLYMER PARTICLES (KGN-NPP): INOVASI STEM-CELL BASED THERAPY TERBARU SEBAGAI TERAPI OSTEOARTHRITIS MELALUI INISIASI PROSES KONDROGENESIS DAN KONDROPROTEKTIF

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Glenardi . ◽  
Ghea Mangkuliguna
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Polymer Particle ◽  
Polymer Particles ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Pendahuluan: Osteoarthritis merupakan penyakit degeneratif sendi paling umum terjadi dan telah menyerang lebih jutaan orang di seluruh dunia. Walaupun angka prevalensi dan mortalitas dari penyakit ini terus meningkat setiap tahunnya, tetapi sampai saat ini belum ada terapi yang mampu menghambat atau bahkan menghentikan perjalanan penyakit dari osteoarthritis. Baru-baru ini, sebuah molekul kecil bernama kartogenin (KGN) telah dilaporkan mampu melakukan perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas dari kartilago sendi dan tulang subkondral pada hewan yang menderita osteoarthritis. Selanjutnya, untuk dapat menghantarkan molekul tersebut secara efektif dan efisien para penelitian kemudian juga menggembangkan sebuah sistem penghantaran obat yang baru bernama nanocrystal- polymer particles (NPP). Penghantaran KGN dengan NPP telah dilaporkan tidak hanya mampu meningkatkan efektifitas dari molekul tersebut, tetapi juga menurunkan kemungkinan efek samping yang timbul dari terapi tersebut. Pembahasan: Studi literatur ini menunjukkan bahwa KGN-NPP terbukti mampu menginduksi diferensiasi mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) menjadi kondrosit yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya ekspresi dari kolagen tipe 2 (Col2) dan Aggrecan hingga 5.5 kali lipat. Selain itu, kerusakan pada kartilago sendi juga telah terbukti dapat dicegah hingga 100% pada studi in vivo dengan ditemukannya skor OARSI yang mendekati angka nol. Bukan hanya itu saja, KGN-NPP juga telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan volume dari tulang subkondral. Hal tersebut merupakan bukti bahwa KGN-NPP tidak hanya mampu bertindak sebagai kondroprotektif, tetapi juga mampu meregenerasi kerusakan yang telah terjadi sebelumnya. Kesimpulan: Dengan segala keunggulan yang dimiliki, dapat disimpulkan bahwa KGN-NPP memiliki potensi yang menjanjikan untuk menjadi terapi yang efektif bagi semua penderita osteoarthritis di seluruh dunia. Kata Kunci: kartogenin, nanocrystals-polymer particle, osteoarthritis

Stem Cell Cure for Kidney Injury: Therapy to Solve Most Complex Issues in Renal System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Renal Regeneration ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Renal failure is a major health problem. The mortality rate remain high despite of several therapies. The most complex of the renal issues are solved through stem cells. In this review, different mechanism for cure of chronic kidney injury along with cell engraftment incorporated into renal structures will be analysed. Paracrine activities of embryonic or induced Pluripotent stem cells are explored on the basis of stem cell-induced kidney regeneration. Several experiments have been conducted to advance stem cells to ensure the restoration of renal functions. More vigour and organised protocols for delivering stem cells is a possibility for advancement in treatment of renal disease. Also there is a need for pressing therapies to replicate the tissue remodelling and cellular repair processes suitable for renal organs. Stem cells are the undifferentiated cells that have the ability to multiply into several cell types. In vivo experiments on animal’s stem cells have shown significant improvements in the renal regeneration and functions of organs. Nevertheless more studies show several improvements in the kidney repair due to stem cell regeneration.

scholarly journals Regulation of sarcomagenesis by the empty spiracles homeobox genes EMX1 and EMX2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Pedro Jimenez-García ◽  
Antonio Lucena-Cacace ◽  
Daniel Otero-Albiol ◽  
Amancio Carnero
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Gene Expression

AbstractThe EMX (Empty Spiracles Homeobox) genes EMX1 and EMX2 are two homeodomain gene members of the EMX family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, during brain development and neural crest migration. They play a role in the specification of positional identity, the proliferation of neural stem cells, and the differentiation of certain neuronal cell phenotypes. In general, they act as transcription factors in early embryogenesis and neuroembryogenesis from metazoans to higher vertebrates. The EMX1 and EMX2’s potential as tumor suppressor genes has been suggested in some cancers. Our work showed that EMX1/EMX2 act as tumor suppressors in sarcomas by repressing the activity of stem cell regulatory genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC, NANOG, NES, and PROM1). EMX protein downregulation, therefore, induced the malignance and stemness of cells both in vitro and in vivo. In murine knockout (KO) models lacking Emx genes, 3MC-induced sarcomas were more aggressive and infiltrative, had a greater capacity for tumor self-renewal, and had higher stem cell gene expression and nestin expression than those in wild-type models. These results showing that EMX genes acted as stemness regulators were reproduced in different subtypes of sarcoma. Therefore, it is possible that the EMX genes could have a generalized behavior regulating proliferation of neural crest-derived progenitors. Together, these results indicate that the EMX1 and EMX2 genes negatively regulate these tumor-altering populations or cancer stem cells, acting as tumor suppressors in sarcoma.

scholarly journals Preclinical efficacy of stem cell therapy for skin flap: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Qi-lin Jiang ◽  
Leanne Van der Merwe ◽  
Dong-hao Lou ◽  
Cai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Treatment

Abstract Background A skin flap is one of the most critical surgical techniques for the restoration of cutaneous defects. However, the distal necrosis of the skin flap severely restricts the clinical application of flap surgery. As there is no consensus on the treatment methods to prevent distal necrosis of skin flaps, more effective and feasible interventions to prevent skin flaps from necrosis are urgently needed. Stem therapy as a potential method to improve the survival rate of skin flaps is receiving increasing attention. Methods This review followed the recommendations from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements. Twenty studies with 500 animals were included by searching Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases, up until October 8, 2020. Moreover, the references of the included articles were searched manually to obtain other studies. All analyses were conducted using Review Manager V.5.3 software. Results Meta-analysis of all 20 studies demonstrated stem cell treatment has significant effects on reducing necrosis of skin flap compared with the control group (SMD: 3.20, 95% CI 2.47 to 3.93). Besides, subgroup analysis showed differences in the efficacy of stem cells in improving the survival rate of skin flaps in areas of skin flap, cell type, transplant types, and method of administration of stem cells. The meta-analysis also showed that stem cell treatment had a significant effect on increasing blood vessel density (SMD: 2.96, 95% CI 2.21 to 3.72) and increasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, SMD: 4.34, 95% CI 2.48 to 6.1). Conclusions The preclinical evidence of our systematic review indicate that stem cell-based therapy is effective for promoting early angiogenesis by up regulating VEGF and ultimately improving the survival rate of skin flap. In summary, small area skin flap, the administration method of intra-arterial injection, ASCs and MSCs, and xenogenic stem cells from humans showed more effective for the survival of animal skin flaps. In general, stem cell-based therapy may be a promising method to prevent skin flap necrosis.

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