scholarly journals Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tawiah ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Bin Fei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Past ◽  
Halogen Compounds ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
In Fire

PLA has become a commodity polymer with wide applications in a number of fields. However, its high flammability with the tendency to flow in fire has limited its viability as a perfect replacement for the petrochemically-engineered plastics. Traditional flame retardants, which may be incorporated into PLA without severely degrading the mechanical properties, are the organo-halogen compounds. Meanwhile, these compounds tend to bioaccumulate and pose a risk to flora and fauna due to their restricted use. Research into PLA flame retardants has largely focused on organic and inorganic compounds for the past few years. Meanwhile, the renewed interest in the development of environmentally sustainable flame retardants (FRs) for PLA has increased significantly in a bid to maintain the integrity of the polymer. A review on the development of new flame retardants for PLA is presented herein. The focus is on metal oxides, phosphorus-based systems, 2D and 1D nanomaterials, hyperbranched polymers, and their combinations, which have been applied for flame retarding PLA are discussed. The paper also reviews briefly the correlation between FR loadings and efficiency for various FR systems, and their effects on processing and mechanical properties.

Influence of extrusion screw speed on the properties of halloysite nanotube impregnated polylactic acid nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitra Venkatesh ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Zhi Cao ◽  
Shane Brennan ◽  
Ian Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Halloysite Nanotube ◽  
The Past

Abstract Poly (lactic acid)/halloysite nanotube (PLA/HNT) nanocomposites have been studied extensively over the past few years owing to the interesting properties of the polymer, PLA, and the nanoclay, HNT, individually and as composites. In this paper, the influence of the screw speed during extrusion was investigated and was found to have a significant impact on the mechanical and thermal performance of the extruded PLA/HNT nanocomposites. To determine the effect of screw speed on PLA/HNT nanocomposites, 5 and 10 wt% of HNTs were blended into the PLA matrix through compounding at screw speeds of 40, 80, and 140 rpm. Virgin PLA was compounded for comparison. The resultant polymer melt was quench cooled onto a calendar system to produce composite films which were assessed for mechanical, thermal, chemical, and surface properties. Results illustrate that in comparison to 40 and 80 rpm, the virgin PLA when compounded at 140 rpm, indicated a significant increase in the mechanical properties. The PLA/HNT 5 wt% nanocomposite compounded at 140 rpm showed significant improvement in the dispersion of HNTs in the PLA matrix which in turn enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties. This can be attributed to the increased melt shear at higher screw speeds.

Conductivity and mechanical properties of carbon black-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA/CB) composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jipeng Guo ◽  
Chi-Hui Tsou ◽  
Yongqi Yu ◽  
Chin-San Wu ◽  
Xuemei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid

scholarly journals A Review: Research Progress in Modification of Poly (Lactic Acid) by Lignin and Cellulose

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Sixiang Zhai ◽  
Qingying Liu ◽  
Yuelong Zhao ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Biao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Biomass Components

With the depletion of petroleum energy, the possibility of prices of petroleum-based materials increasing, and increased environmental awareness, biodegradable materials as a kind of green alternative have attracted more and more research attention. In this context, poly (lactic acid) has shown a unique combination of properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good workability. However, examples of its known drawbacks include poor tensile strength, low elongation at break, poor thermal properties, and low crystallization rate. Lignocellulosic materials such as lignin and cellulose have excellent biodegradability and mechanical properties. Compounding such biomass components with poly (lactic acid) is expected to prepare green composite materials with improved properties of poly (lactic acid). This paper is aimed at summarizing the research progress of modification of poly (lactic acid) with lignin and cellulose made in in recent years, with emphasis on effects of lignin and cellulose on mechanical properties, thermal stability and crystallinity on poly (lactic acid) composite materials. Development of poly (lactic acid) composite materials in this respect is forecasted.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Bioactivity of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Containing Poly(Glycolic Acid) Fiber and Hydroxyapatite Particles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Han-Seung Ko ◽  
Sangwoon Lee ◽  
Doyoung Lee ◽  
Jae Young Jho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Human Compact Bone

To enhance the mechanical strength and bioactivity of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to the level that can be used as a material for spinal implants, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fibers and hydroxyapatite (HA) were introduced as fillers to PLA composites. To improve the poor interface between HA and PLA, HA was grafted by PLA to form HA-g-PLA through coupling reactions, and mixed with PLA. The size of the HA particles in the PLA matrix was observed to be reduced from several micrometers to sub-micrometer by grafting PLA onto HA. The tensile and flexural strength of PLA/HA-g-PLA composites were increased compared with those of PLA/HA, apparently due to the better dispersion of HA and stronger interfacial adhesion between the HA and PLA matrix. We also examined the effects of the length and frequency of grafted PLA chains on the tensile strength of the composites. By the addition of unidirectionally aligned PGA fibers, the flexural strength of the composites was greatly improved to a level comparable with human compact bone. In the bioactivity tests, the growth of apatite on the surface was fastest and most uniform in the PLA/PGA fiber/HA-g-PLA composite.

scholarly journals Poly(Lactic Acid)–Poly(Butylene Succinate)–Sugar Beet Pulp Composites; Part I: Mechanics of Composites with Fine and Coarse Sugar Beet Pulp Particles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Rodion Kopitzky
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a residue available in large quantities from the sugar industry, and can serve as a cost-effective bio-based and biodegradable filler for fully bio-based compounds based on bio-based polyesters. The heterogeneous cell structure of sugar beet suggests that the processing of SBP can affect the properties of the composite. An “Ultra-Rotor” type air turbulence mill was used to produce SBP particles of different sizes. These particles were processed in a twin-screw extruder with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and fillers to granules for possible marketable formulations. Different screw designs, compatibilizers and the use of glycerol as a thermoplasticization agent for SBP were also tested. The spherical, cubic, or ellipsoidal-like shaped particles of SBP are not suitable for usage as a fiber-like reinforcement. In addition, the fineness of ground SBP affects the mechanical properties because (i) a high proportion of polar surfaces leads to poor compatibility, and (ii) due to the inner structure of the particulate matter, the strength of the composite is limited to the cohesive strength of compressed sugar-cell compartments of the SBP. The compatibilization of the polymer–matrix–particle interface can be achieved by using compatibilizers of different types. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture patterns show that the compatibilization can lead to both well-bonded particles and cohesive fracture patterns in the matrix. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties are limited by the impact and elongation behavior. Therefore, the applications of SBP-based composites must be well considered.

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer Blends: Effect of Organoclay Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Chaninthon Ounyai ◽  
Ployvaree Rassamee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Copolymer Blends ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
Ethylene Copolymer ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

The effects of four types of organoclay on morphology and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC) blends were investigated. The ratio of PLA and PEC was 80/20 by weight and the organoclay content was 5 phr. The morphology analysis showed that the addition of all oganocaly types could improve the miscibility of PLA and PEC blends due to the decreased of the domain sizes of PEC dispersed phase in the polymer matrix. The tensile properties showed Young’s modulus of the PLA/PEC blends was improved after adding clay treated surface with 25-30 wt% trimethyl stearyl ammonium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document