scholarly journals Ion Acceleration in Multi-Fluid Plasma: Including Charge Separation Induced Electric Field Effects in Supersonic Wave Layers

Plasma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-152
Author(s):  
Ross Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Ion Acceleration ◽  
Pickup Ions ◽  
Kinetic Effects

The need to understand the process by which particles, including solar wind and coronal ions as well as pickup ions, are accelerated to high energies (ultimately to become anomalous cosmic rays) motivate a multi-fluid shock wave model which includes kinetic effects (e.g., ion acceleration) in an electromagnetically self-consistent framework. Particle reflection at the cross-shock potential leads to ion acceleration in the motional electric field and thus anisotropic heating and pressure in the shock layer, with important consequences for the multi-fluid dynamics. This motivates development of a multi-fluid model of solar wind electrons and ions treated as fluid, coupled self-consistently with a small population of ions (e.g., pickup ions) dynamically treated as individual particles. Consideration of both the time dependent and steady state regimes, indicate that such a multi-fluid approach is necessary for resolving the, Debye scale, particle reflecting cross-shock potential and subsequent dynamics. To study charge separation effects in narrow, supersonic wave layers we consider a reduction of the system to the steady state for cold ions and hot electrons and find two types of solitary waves inherent to the reduced two-fluid system in this limiting case.

scholarly journals Ion Acceleration in Multi-Fluid Plasma: Including Charge Separation induced Electric Field Effects in Supersonic Wave Layers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Ion Acceleration ◽  
Pickup Ions ◽  
Kinetic Effects

The need to understand the process by which particles, including solar wind and coronal ions as well as pickup ions, are accelerated to high energies (ultimately to become anomalous cosmic rays) motivate a multi-fluid shock wave model which includes kinetic effects (e.g. ion acceleration) in an electromagnetically self-consistent framework. Particle reflection at the cross-shock potential leads to ion acceleration in the motional electric field and thus anisotropic heating and pressure in the shock layer, with important consequences for the multi-fluid dynamics. This motivates development of a multi-fluid model of solar wind electrons and ions treated as fluid, coupled self-consistently with a small population of kinetically treated ions (e.g. pickup ions.) Consideration of both the time dependent and steady state regimes, indicate that such a multi-fluid approach is necessary for resolving the, Debye scale, particle reflecting cross-shock potential and subsequent dynamics. To study charge separation effects in narrow, supersonic wave layers we consider a reduction of the system to the steady state for cold ions and hot electrons and find two types of solitary waves inherent to the reduced two-fluid system in this limiting case.

Coherent ion acceleration at a density gradient

1975 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiew L. Hsieh ◽  
Howard W. Bloomberg ◽  
S. Peter Gary
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Ion Acceleration ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Cold Electrons ◽  
Cold Ions

The paper describes a model, in which ions are accelerated against the direction of the electric field at a density gradient. A one-dimensional, inhomogeneous, steady-state is constructed, in which cold electrons stream relative to cold ions. The wavenumber and amplitude of the fluctuating potential are calculated, then used to compute the trajectories of representative ions trapped in the potential troughs. Ion acceleration to energies an order of magnitude greater than the applied potential is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Size of a plasma cloud matters

2018 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. A50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nilsson ◽  
H. Gunell ◽  
T. Karlsson ◽  
N. Brenning ◽  
P. Henri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Plasma Density ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Parameter Range ◽  
Pickup Ions ◽  
Rosetta Mission ◽  
Comet 67P ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Context. The cometary ionosphere is immersed in fast flowing solar wind. A polarisation electric field may arise for comets much smaller than the gyroradius of pickup ions because ions and electrons respond differently to the solar wind electric field.Aims. A situation similar to that found at a low activity comet has been modelled for barium releases in the Earth’s ionosphere. We aim to use such a model and apply it to the case of comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the target of the Rosetta mission. We aim to explain the significant tailward acceleration of cometary ions through the modelled electric field.Methods. We obtained analytical solutions for the polarisation electric field of the comet ionosphere using a simplified geometry. This geometry is applicable to the comet in the inner part of the coma as the plasma density integrated along the magnetic field line remains rather constant. We studied the range of parameters for which a significant tailward electric field is obtained and compare this with the parameter range observed.Results. Observations of the local plasma density and magnetic field strength show that the parameter range of the observations agree very well with a significant polarisation electric field shielding the inner part of the coma from the solar wind electric field.Conclusions. The same process gives rise to a tailward directed electric field with a strength of the order of 10% of the solar wind electric field. Using a simple cloud model we have shown that the polarisation electric field, which arises because of the small size of the comet ionosphere as compared to the pick up ion gyroradius, can explain the observed significant tailward acceleration of cometary ions and is consistent with the observed lack of influence of the solar wind electric field in the inner coma.

scholarly journals Commission 49: Interplanetary Plasma and Heliosphere

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (T26A) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Webb ◽  
Jean-Louis Bougeret ◽  
Hilary V. Cane ◽  
Neil F. Cramer ◽  
Stephen W. Kahler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Particle Acceleration ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Termination Shock ◽  
Pickup Ions ◽  
Interplanetary Plasma ◽  
Transient And Steady State ◽  
Made In

AbstractCommission 49 covers research on the solar wind, shocks and particle acceleration, both transient and steady-state, e.g., corotating, structures within the heliosphere, and the termination shock and boundary of the heliosphere. During the last three years there was considerable progress made in studies of solar energetic particles, compositional and other signatures in the heliosphere, solar wind pickup ions, the termination shock, which was finally crossed by a spacecraft, and the boundary between the heliosphere and interstellar medium, and in solar wind modeling and space weather. These topics have been summarized here in five articles, each with extensive references that will guide the reader who wants further details. Observations from the following spacecraft have extensively used during this period: Ulysses, Cassini, Voyager 1 and 2, MESSENGER, ACE, Genesis, SOHO, Wind, and RHESSI.

High-speed isotachophoresis. Analytical aspects of the steady-state longitudinal temperature profiles

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Ryšlavý ◽  
Petr Boček ◽  
Miroslav Deml ◽  
Jaroslav Janák
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Longitudinal Temperature ◽  
Continuous Character

The problem of the longitudinal temperature distribution was solved and the bearing of the temperature profiles on the qualitative characteristics of the zones and on the interpretation of the record of the separation obtained from a universal detector was considered. Two approximative physical models were applied to the solution: in the first model, the temperature dependences of the mobilities are taken into account, the continuous character of the electric field intensity at the boundary being neglected; in the other model, the continuous character of the electric field intensity is allowed for. From a comparison of the two models it follows that in practice, the variations of the mobilities with the temperature are the principal factor affecting the shape of the temperature profiles, the assumption of a discontinuous jump of the electric field intensity at the boundary being a good approximation to the reality. It was deduced theoretically and verified experimentally that the longitudinal profiles can appreciably affect the longitudinal variation of the effective mobilities in the zone, with an infavourable influence upon the qualitative interpretation of the record. Pronounced effects can appear during the analyses of the minor components, where in the corresponding short zone a temperature distribution occurs due to the influence of the temperatures of the neighbouring zones such that the temperature in the zone of interest in fact does not attain a constant value in axial direction. The minor component does not possess the steady-state mobility throughout the zone, which makes the identification of the zone rather difficult.

Numerical study of electric field effects on the deformation of two-dimensional liquid drops in simple shear flow at arbitrary Reynolds number

2009 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 367-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN MÄHLMANN ◽  
DEMETRIOS T. PAPAGEORGIOU
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Simple Shear ◽  
Simple Shear Flow ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Drops

The effect of an electric field on a periodic array of two-dimensional liquid drops suspended in simple shear flow is studied numerically. The shear is produced by moving the parallel walls of the channel containing the fluids at equal speeds but in opposite directions and an electric field is generated by imposing a constant voltage difference across the channel walls. The level set method is adapted to electrohydrodynamics problems that include a background flow in order to compute the effects of permittivity and conductivity differences between the two phases on the dynamics and drop configurations. The electric field introduces additional interfacial stresses at the drop interface and we perform extensive computations to assess the combined effects of electric fields, surface tension and inertia. Our computations for perfect dielectric systems indicate that the electric field increases the drop deformation to generate elongated drops at steady state, and at the same time alters the drop orientation by increasing alignment with the vertical, which is the direction of the underlying electric field. These phenomena are observed for a range of values of Reynolds and capillary numbers. Computations using the leaky dielectric model also indicate that for certain combinations of electric properties the drop can undergo enhanced alignment with the vertical or the horizontal, as compared to perfect dielectric systems. For cases of enhanced elongation and alignment with the vertical, the flow positions the droplets closer to the channel walls where they cause larger wall shear stresses. We also establish that a sufficiently strong electric field can be used to destabilize the flow in the sense that steady-state droplets that can exist in its absence for a set of physical parameters, become increasingly and indefinitely elongated until additional mechanisms can lead to rupture. It is suggested that electric fields can be used to enhance such phenomena.

scholarly journals A three-dimensional steady state thermal fluid model of jumbo ingot casting during electron beam re-melting of Ti–6Al–4V

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 3607-3623 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhao ◽  
C. Reilly ◽  
L. Yao ◽  
D.M. Maijer ◽  
S.L. Cockcroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ingot Casting

Acceleration of interstellar pickup ions in the disturbed solar wind observed on Ulysses

1994 ◽  
Vol 99 (A9) ◽  
pp. 17637 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gloeckler ◽  
J. Geiss ◽  
E. C. Roelof ◽  
L. A. Fisk ◽  
F. M. Ipavich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Pickup Ions
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