scholarly journals DNA-Based Authentication and Metabolomics Analysis of Medicinal Plants Samples by DNA Barcoding and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1601
Author(s):  
Marta Sánchez ◽  
Elena González-Burgos ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Divakar ◽  
M. Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
Quadrupole Mass ◽  
Valerenic Acid

There is growing interest for medicinal plants in the world drug market. Particularly, Matricaria recutita L., Valeriana officinalis L., Tilia spp., and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze are some of the most consumed medicinal plants for treatment of minor health problems. Medicinal plants are seen as natural and safe; however, they can cause interactions and produce adverse reactions. Moreover, there is lack of consensus in medicinal plants regulation worldwide. DNA barcoding and UHPLC-MS technique are increasingly used to correctly identify medicinal plants and guarantee their quality and therapeutic safety. We analyzed 33 samples of valerian, linden, tea, and chamomile acquired in pharmacies, supermarkets, and herbal shops by DNA barcoding and UHPLC-MS. DNA barcoding, using matk as a barcode marker, revealed that CH1 sold as Camellia sinensis was Blepharocalyx tweediei, and sample TS2 sold as linden belong to Malvales. On the other hand, UHPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds (apigenin-7-glucoside, acetoxy valerenic acid, valerenic acid, epigallocatechin, and tiliroside). However, none of samples met minimum content of these active principles (except for valerenic acid in VF3) according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Real Spanish Pharmacopeia. In conclusion, this study revealed the need to incorporate DNA barcoding and HPLC-MS techniques in quality controls of medicinal plants.

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) for the Investigation of Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Gökbulut
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Powerful Analytical Tool ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Background: Chromatographic techniques such as TLC basically and, HPLC, GC, HPTLC equipped with various detectors are most frequently used for the qualitative and quantitative examination of herbals. Method: An overview of the recent literature concerning the usage of HPTLC for the analysis of medicinal plants has been reviewed. Results: During the last decade/s, HPTLC, a modern, sophisticated and automatized TLC technique with better and advanced separation efficiency, detection limit, data acquisition and processing, has been used for the analysis of herbal materials and preparations since the rapid development of technology in chromatography world. HPTLC with various detectors is a powerful analytical tool especially for the phytochemical applications such as herbal drug quantification and fingerprint analysis. Conclusion: In this review, a latest perspective has been established and some of the previous studies were summarized for the usage of HPTLC in the analysis of herbal remedies, dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Metabolomics and DNA-Based Authentication of Two Traditional Asian Medicinal and Aromatic Species of Salvia subg. Perovskia

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Monika Bielecka ◽  
Bartosz Pencakowski ◽  
Marta Stafiniak ◽  
Klemens Jakubowski ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Aromatic Species

Subgenus Perovskia of the extended genus of Salvia comprises several Central Asian medicinal and aromatic species, of which S. yangii and S. abrotanoides are the most widespread. These plants are cultivated in Europe as robust ornamentals, and several cultivars are available. However, their medicinal potential remains underutilized because of limited information about their phytochemical and genetic diversity. Thus, we combined an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) based metabolomics with DNA barcoding approach based on trnH-psbA and ITS2 barcodes to clarify the relationships between these two taxa. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that aerial parts are more similar than roots and none of the major compounds stand out as distinct. Sugiol in S. yangii leaves and carnosic acid quinone in S. abrotanoides were mostly responsible for their chemical differentiation, whereas in roots the distinction was supported by the presence of five norditerpenoids in S. yangii and two flavonoids and one norditerpenoid in S. abrotanoides. To verify the metabolomics-based differentiation, we performed DNA authentication that revealed S. yangii and S. abrotanoides to be very closely related but separate species. We demonstrated that DNA barcoding coupled with parallel LC-MS profiling constitutes a powerful tool in identification of taxonomically close Salvia species.

scholarly journals The Safety of COVID-19 Vaccinations—We Should Rethink the Policy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 693
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Rainer J. Klement ◽  
Wouter Aukema
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Risks And Benefits

Background: COVID-19 vaccines have had expedited reviews without sufficient safety data. We wanted to compare risks and benefits. Method: We calculated the number needed to vaccinate (NNTV) from a large Israeli field study to prevent one death. We accessed the Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) database of the European Medicines Agency and of the Dutch National Register (lareb.nl) to extract the number of cases reporting severe side effects and the number of cases with fatal side effects. Result: The NNTV is between 200–700 to prevent one case of COVID-19 for the mRNA vaccine marketed by Pfizer, while the NNTV to prevent one death is between 9000 and 50,000 (95% confidence interval), with 16,000 as a point estimate. The number of cases experiencing adverse reactions has been reported to be 700 per 100,000 vaccinations. Currently, we see 16 serious side effects per 100,000 vaccinations, and the number of fatal side effects is at 4.11/100,000 vaccinations. For three deaths prevented by vaccination we have to accept two inflicted by vaccination. Conclusions: This lack of clear benefit should cause governments to rethink their vaccination policy.

scholarly journals DIC-Like Syndrome Following Administration of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Gerardo Casucci ◽  
Domenico Acanfora
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Safety Committee ◽  
Vectored Vaccine ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

In recent weeks, adverse reactions have been reported after administration of Oxford–AstraZeneca chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222), in particular thrombus formation, which has led several European Countries to discontinue administration of this vaccine. On March 8, 2021, the European Medicines Agency Safety Committee did not confirm this probable association. We report the case of a patient who developed disseminated intravascular coagulation after the first dose of Oxford-Astra Zeneca vaccine, which resolved in a few days with the administration of dexamethasone and enoxaparin. This work demonstrates the safety of the Oxford-Astra Zeneca vaccine and that any development of side effects can be easily managed with a prompt diagnosis and in a short time with a few commonly used drugs.

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