scholarly journals Response of Mycorrhizal ’Touriga Nacional‘ Variety Grapevines to High Temperatures Measured by Calorespirometry and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1499
Author(s):  
Amaia Nogales ◽  
Hugo Ribeiro ◽  
Julio Nogales-Bueno ◽  
Lee D. Hansen ◽  
Elsa F. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heat Shocks ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Sensitive Parameters

Heat stress negatively affects several physiological and biochemical processes in grapevine plants. In this work, two new methods, calorespirometry, which has been used to determine temperature adaptation in plants, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which has been used to determine several grapevine-related traits and to discriminate among varieties, were tested to evaluate grapevine response to high temperatures. ‘Touriga Nacional’ variety grapevines, inoculated or not with Rhizoglomus irregulare or Funneliformis mosseae, were used in this study. Calorespirometric parameters and NIR spectra, as well as other parameters commonly used to assess heat injury in plants, were measured before and after high temperature exposure. Growth rate and substrate carbon conversion efficiency, calculated from calorespirometric measurements, and stomatal conductance, were the most sensitive parameters for discriminating among high temperature responses of control and inoculated grapevines. The results revealed that, although this vine variety can adapt its physiology to temperatures up to 40 °C, inoculation with R. irregulare could additionally help to sustain its growth, especially after heat shocks. Therefore, the combination of calorespirometry together with gas exchange measurements is a promising strategy for screening grapevine heat tolerance under controlled conditions and has high potential to be implemented in initial phases of plant breeding programs.

scholarly journals Lethal Effects of High Temperatures on Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Adults before and after Overwintering

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Scaccini ◽  
Carlo Duso ◽  
Alberto Pozzebon
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperature Exposure

The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is causing economic and ecological damage in invaded areas. Its overwintering behavior warrants mitigation practices in warehouses and shipping operations. The aim of this study was to characterize the mortality response curves of H. halys adults to short high-temperature exposure. Here we compared field-collected individuals entering (ENA) and exiting diapause (EXA). EXA adults displayed increased susceptibility to high temperatures compared to ENA individuals. Complete mortality of all tested individuals was obtained after 10 min exposure at 50.0 °C, and after 15 (EXA) or 20 min (ENA) at 47.5 °C. The nutritional status of these insects had no effect on high-temperature tolerance. The mortality curves obtained here may be used for the definition of cost-effective heat treatments aimed at the H. halys control.

scholarly journals Novel Multilayer SAW Temperature Sensor for Ultra-High Temperature Environments

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Xuhang Zhou ◽  
Qiulin Tan ◽  
Xiaorui Liang ◽  
Baimao Lin ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Passive Sensors ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Engine Systems

Performing high-temperature measurements on the rotating parts of aero-engine systems requires wireless passive sensors. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors can measure high temperatures wirelessly, making them ideal for extreme situations where wired sensors are not applicable. This study reports a new SAW temperature sensor based on a langasite (LGS) substrate that can perform measurements in environments with temperatures as high as 1300 °C. The Pt electrode and LGS substrate were protected by an AlN passivation layer deposited via a pulsed laser, thereby improving the crystallization quality of the Pt film, with the function and stability of the SAW device guaranteed at 1100 °C. The linear relationship between the resonant frequency and temperature is verified by various high-temperature radio-frequency (RF) tests. Changes in sample microstructure before and after high-temperature exposure are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The analysis confirms that the proposed AlN/Pt/Cr thin-film electrode has great application potential in high-temperature SAW sensors.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Diffusion Bonded Austenitic Fe-Base Alloys—Before and After Exposure to High Temperature Supercritical-CO2

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hwan Kim ◽  
Ji-Hwan Cha ◽  
Changheui Jang ◽  
Injin Sah
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Bond Line ◽  
Grain Boundary Migration ◽  
Compact Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Co2 Environment

Austenitic Fe-base alloys, SS 316H and Alloy 800HT, were diffusion bonded for use in compact-type heat exchangers in supercritical-carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycles. For diffusion bonded 316H, grain boundary migration across the bond-line was observed despite the formation of some Cr-rich carbide, and its tensile properties were similar to those of as-received 316H. However, diffusion bonded Alloy 800HT exhibited severely degraded elongation compared to as-received 800HT due to the formation of continuous Ti-rich carbides along the bond-line. Post-bond heat treatment (PBHT) was found to improve elongation at fracture for diffusion bonded alloys. However, a subsequent corrosion test in S-CO2 at 600 °C (20 MPa) for 1000 h resulted in a loss of elongation. This was much more severe for PBHT-ed 800HT due to the formation of Cr-rich carbides at the bond-line. Meanwhile, it was found that the effect of ageing on loss of elongation during high temperature exposure was greater than that of S-CO2 environment.

High Temperature Composite of Aluminous Cement with Addition of Metakaolin and Ground Bricks Dust

2013 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Holčapek ◽  
Pavel Reiterman ◽  
Petr Konvalinka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Aluminous Cement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Sufficient Strength

The following article deals with the study of mechanical properties of aluminous cement composites exposure to high temperatures. The newly designed mixtures that resist the action of high temperatures 1000 °C find their application in various fields of industrial production or in the form of fire wall for protection bearing structures. All the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and tensile strength in bending were measured on samples 160x40x40 mm. These samples were exposed to temperatures 600 °C and 1000 °C and one group of samples was reference and stayed in laboratory condition. Aluminous cement unlike the common Portland cement keeps sufficient strength even after high temperature exposure. For ensuring required ductility the basalt fibers were added to the mixture. In an effort to use of secondary raw materials as a replacement for cement as well as a suitable binder was used metakaolin and ground brick dust. Very convenient characteristics of these components are their latent hydraulic potential that makes interesting hydration products.

scholarly journals Contrasting Proteomic Responses of Adult and Larval Coral to High Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal J. McRae ◽  
Anderson B. Mayfield ◽  
Wen-Bin Huang ◽  
Isabelle M. Côté ◽  
Tung-Yung Fan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Protein Trafficking ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Exposure ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

Climate change-induced increases in seawater temperature continue to impact coral reef ecosystems globally. There is a consequent need to characterize the responses of corals to thermal stress to understand the molecular processes underpinning these responses and identify hallmarks of resilience. Here we used an iTRAQ approach to compare the proteomes of adult corals (Pocillopora acuta) that had been thermally conditioned at a control (26°C) or elevated temperature (29.5°C) for three reproductive cycles, as well as the larvae released by these corals. We found that larvae responded more to high-temperature exposure at the protein level than their parents and that different proteins were affected between life stages; a single protein was up-regulated at high temperatures in both adults and their offspring, and its identity is currently unknown. Similarly, different cellular pathways were affected by high-temperature exposure between the coral hosts and their dinoflagellate endosymbionts; proteins involved in translation and protein trafficking were most likely to be affected by high-temperature exposure in the former, with photosynthesis being the most thermo-sensitive process in the latter. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of considering both life stage and the composition of the coral holobiont when using molecular-scale data to model cellular processes associated with responses to future ocean warming.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sticky Cotton by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1388-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Barton ◽  
J. D. Bargeron ◽  
G. R. Gamble ◽  
D. L. McAlister ◽  
E. Hequet
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cotton Gins ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Opening Line

“Stickiness” in cotton is a major problem affecting throughput in cotton gins and spinning mills alike. Stickiness is thought to be caused by the deposition of sugars by insects, principally aphid and whitefly, on the open boll. Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was used to develop models for sugar content from high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermodetector, and mini-card data. A total of 457 cotton samples were selected to represent both Upland and Pima varieties and cotton processing before and after ginning. The Unscrambler was used to develop the models. A successful model was made to determine the mini-card value and successfully detect “stickiness”. The standard error of cross-validation (SECv) was 0.26 with an R2 of 0.96. The model was not improved by increasing the range of “stickiness” as measured by the mini-card from the usual 0–3 scale to a scale of 0–8. If a value is determined to be greater than 1 it will be difficult to blend bales at a spinning plant “opening line” to allow for maximum efficiency of spinning.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Determination of Diastase Activity of Honey Based on Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Zhenxiong Huang ◽  
Lang Liu ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Dapeng Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Heating Process

The activities of enzymes are the basis of evaluating the quality of honey. Beekeepers usually use concentrators to process natural honey into concentrated honey by concentrating it under high temperatures. Active enzymes are very sensitive to high temperatures and will lose their activity when they exceed a certain temperature. The objective of this work is to study the kinetic mechanism of the temperature effect on diastase activity and to develop a nondestructive approach for quick determination of the diastase activity of honey through a heating process based on visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy. A total of 110 samples, including three species of botanical origin, were used for this study. To explore the kinetic mechanism of diastase activity under high temperatures, the honey of three kinds of botanical origins were processed with thermal treatment to obtain a variety of diastase activity. Diastase activity represented with diastase number (DN) was measured according to the national standard method. The results showed that the diastase activity decreased with the increase of temperature and heating time, and the sensitivity of acacia and longan to temperature was higher than linen. The optimum temperature for production and processing is 60 °C. Unsupervised clustering analysis was adopted to detect spectral characteristics of these honeys, indicating that different botanical origins of honeys can be distinguished in principal component spaces. Partial least squares (PLS) and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) algorithms were applied to develop quantitative relationships between Vis/NIR spectroscopy and diastase activity. The best result was obtained through Gaussian filter smoothing-standard normal variate (GF-SNV) pretreatment and the LS-SVM model, known as GF-SNV-LS-SVM, with a determination coefficient (R2) of prediction of 0.8872, and root mean square error (RMSE) of prediction of 0.2129. The overall results of this paper showed that the diastase activity of honey can be determined quickly and non-destructively with Vis/NIR spectral methods, which can be used to detect DN in the process of honey production and processing, and to maximize the nutrient content of honey.

Compression Studies on Particulate Composites of Ternary Al-Ti-Fe, and Quaternary Al-Ti-Fe-Nb and Al-Ti-Fe-Mn L12 Compounds

1990 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Kumar ◽  
M.S. Dipietro ◽  
J.D. Whittenberger
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Monolithic Material ◽  
Alloying Additions ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTCompression studies were conducted on monolithic and TiB2 particulatereinforced composites of AI22 Fe3 Ti8, both with and without minor quaternary alloying additions (2 at.% Nb and 2 at.% Mn) as a function of temperature and as a function of strain rate at high temperature. The volume fraction of reinforcement was varied between 0 and 20 percent. The particulate reinforcements were found to be effective in increasing ambient- and warm-temperature strength; at high temperatures, the monolithic material is stronger than the composites, although the composites are superior at slow strain rates. The microstructures of the monolithic and composite specimens were examined before and after deformation to explain these observations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document