scholarly journals Early Low-Fluence Red Light or Darkness Modulates the Shoot Regeneration Capacity of Excised Arabidopsis Roots

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Xi Wei ◽  
Yanpeng Ding ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Fuguang Li ◽  
Xiaoyang Ge
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Dynamic Distribution ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Root Excision

In plants, light is an important environmental signal that induces meristem development and interacts with endogenous signals, including hormones. We found that treatment with 24 h of low-fluence red light (24 h R) or 24 h of darkness (24 h D) following root excision greatly increased the frequency of shoot generation, while continuous low-fluence red light in callus and shoot induction stages blocked the explants’ ability to generate shoots. Shoot generation ability was closely associated with WUS expression and distribution pattern. 1-N-naphthylphtalamic acid (NPA) disrupted the dynamic distribution of the WUS signal induced by early 24 h R treatment, and NPA plus 24 R treatment increased the average shoot number compared with early 24 h R alone. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes involved in meristem development and hormone signal pathways were significantly enriched during 24 R or 24 D induced shoot regeneration, where early 24 h R or 24 h D treatment upregulated expression of WOX5, LBD16, LBD18 and PLT3 to promote callus initiation and formation of root primordia, and also activated WUS, STM, CUC1 and CUC2 expression, leading to initiation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). This finding demonstrates that early exposure of explants to transient low-fluence red light or darkness modulates the expression of marker genes related with callus development and shoot regeneration, and dynamic distribution of WUS, leading to an increased ability to generate shoots.

Shoot apical development during in vitro embryogenesisThis review is one of a selection of papers published on the Special Theme of Shoot Apical Meristems.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1650-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Claudio Stasolla
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Meristem Development

Formation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) has been extensively investigated in zygotic embryos of flowering plants, where it follows a prolonged and dynamic developmental pattern underlined by precise temporal and spatial changes in gene expression. Studies conducted on the plant model system Arabidopsis have revealed that SAM formation is controlled by a genetic network and involves the participation of several regulatory genes expressed at different stages of development. As a general rule apical meristem development in vivo occurs very early; at the globular stage of development in flowering plants and in club-stage embryos of conifers. Once formed, meristems of zygotic embryos are stable structures that become reactivated at the onset of germination. Shoot apical meristem formation during in vitro embryogenesis is demarked by structural events similar to those described for zygotic embryos, although differences can be observed during the late phases of development, where cellular differentiation and formation of intercellular spaces disrupt the architecture of SAMs produced in culture. These events, which denote the “unstable” nature of SAMs of somatic embryos, often result in poor conversion frequency and reduced plant regeneration. By using Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce) somatic embryos and microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus L. (canola) as model systems, this review provides methods for improving SAM formation through manipulations of the culture medium which alter the cellular redox status. Meristem marker genes from Arabidopsis, such as WUSCHEL (which is required for the acquisition of stem fate identity), represent a valuable tool for estimating the quality of SAM produced by microspore-derived embryos of canola. In spruce, the identification of two novel meristem marker genes, HBK1 and PgAGO, will allow similar studies in conifers.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Argonaute10 Specifically Sequesters miR166/165 to Regulate Shoot Apical Meristem Development

Cell ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Zhu ◽  
Fuqu Hu ◽  
Ronghui Wang ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Sing-Hoi Sze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Meristem Development

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Flowering Behavior in Response to Photoperiod and Vernalization in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Abu-Elenein ◽  
Rabea Al-Sayaydeh ◽  
Zahera Akkeh ◽  
Zakaria Al-Ajlouni ◽  
AbdRaheem A. Al-Bawalize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background In barley, flowering behavior is a highly regulated and complex process where the appropriate matching of reproductive development with seasonal variation in water availability confer barley adaptation to different environments. In this study, the role of variation in flowering time and drought tolerance in four selected barley genotypes was studied under field and controlled conditions. For this purpose, field trials were conducted for two consecutive seasons at three diverse environments where the studied genotypes were subjected to either rainfed conditions or rainfed plus supplementary irrigation under two different sowing dates. Furthermore, reproductive meristem development in two selected barley genotypes, Rum (drought tolerant) and Steptoe (drought-sensitive) was also assessed in response to both vernalization and water stress under two different photoperiod conditions.Results Variation in the number of days to heading was more pronounced under rainfed conditions than under well water conditions. For agronomic performance, Rum was superior under all tested environments, which assure its general adaptability to multiple environments, while Steptoe was the poorest. The transition to reproductive meristem was faster under vernalized long-day conditions as compared to vernalized short-day conditions. The progress of shoot apical meristem development and heading under long-day conditions was significantly faster in Rum than that of Steptoe. A clear effect of drought stress was observed on shoot apical meristem development in Steptoe. Under short-day conditions, vernalized Rum plants subjected to water deficit showed an advanced meristem development stage a significant earlier HD when compared with non-stressed plants. This early flowering behavior in stressed Rum plants under short-day conditions was accompanied by higher gene expression of the Vrn-H1 gene. Conclusion In conclusion, the integration of vernalization and photoperiod signals in drought-tolerant barley genotypes is associated with early flowering behavior and higher productivity in dry environments.

scholarly journals Meristem Development and its Relation to Endogenous GA3 and IAA Contents During Floral Bud Differentiation in Broccoli

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xinmei Jiang ◽  
Xihong Yu ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Floral Bud

The effects of three temperature treatments on morphological changes in the apical meristem and contents of GA3 and IAA in leaves during floral bud differentiation in early maturing cultivar of broccoli were studied. Plants went through every stage of flower-bud differentiation at day/night temperatures of 17.3±1/9.3±1°C. At 21.3±1/13.3±1°C, floral bud development ceased after primary axillary scape primordium differentiation and apical meristem entered a reversion stage. The apical meristem remained in the vegetative growth phase in plants growing at 25.3±1/17.3±1°C. Leaf GA3 contents started to increase while IAA contents started to decrease when plants entered the flower bud initiation stage. GA3 content was high and IAA content was low during all stages of axillary scape primordium differentiation.Key words: Meristem development; Broccoli; Apical meristem; GA3; IAADOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1.7966 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.35, No.1, 1-6, 2011

scholarly journals An auxin responsive CLE gene regulates shoot apical meristem development in Arabidopsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Guo ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Hainan Tian ◽  
Kaijie Zheng ◽  
Xuemei Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Meristem Development

scholarly journals The regeneration potential of promising winter common wheat lines in shoot apical meristem culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
S. V. Pykalo ◽  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
T. V. Yurchenko ◽  
N. I. Prokopik ◽  
O. V. Humeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Wheat Lines

Aim. To investigate the regenerative ability of promising winter common wheat lines in shoot apical meristem culture. Methods. Plant tissue culture methods, statistical evaluation of data. Results. The processes of morphogenesis in culture of apical meristem of 3-days seedlings of lines of winter common wheat were investigated and it was established that the frequency of callusogenesis and shoot regeneration in the studied forms is determined by the genotype of explant. Two types of callus with morphophysiological properties were identified: morphogenic and nonmorphogenic callus. The formation of regenerated plants from wheat calli took place through both gemmorizogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Conclusions. The line Erytrospermum 60068 was characterized the highest regeneration potential and it can be recommended for further biotechnology of wheat. Obtained technology of vigorous regenerated plant production of winter common wheat lines in shoot apical meristem culture can be used in cell selection and genetic engineering experiments. Keywords: winter common wheat, apical meristem, genotype, callus, shoot regeneration.

scholarly journals Direct Shoot Organogenesis of Medicago sativa

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 628f-628
Author(s):  
Guochen Yang ◽  
Marihelen Kamp-Glass
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Direct Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Direct Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Direct Shoot ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

An efficient and reliable protocol of in vitro shoot regeneration must be first established to have a successful genetic transformation. As a member of legume family, alfalfa is very difficult for direct shoot regeneration. There is no published information on direct shoot organogenesis, although success has been well documented on embryogenesis, which must go through callus stage. Different plant growth regulators at various concentrations were evaluated for callus initiation, development, and direct shoot regeneration. Multiple shoots were produced directly from each individual explant. This will provide an efficient means for production of transgenic alfalfa plants. Therefore, genetic transformation of Medicago germplasm will be significantly expedited.

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