scholarly journals Variable Fall Climate Conditions on Carbon Assimilation and Spring Phenology of Young Peach Trees

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Brian T. Lawrence ◽  
Juan Carlos Melgar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Fall Temperature ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Variable fall temperature and moisture conditions may alter leaf senescence of deciduous fruit trees, influencing carbon assimilation before dormancy and phenology the following spring. This study explored gas exchange of young peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) when senescence proceeded normally or was delayed during the fall under two soil moisture treatments: Well-irrigated trees or water deficit. Results showed leaf carbon assimilation was similar between the senescence treatments, but whole tree assimilation was estimated to be greater in delayed senescence trees compared to normal senescence trees based on timing of defoliation and total leaf area. The effect of soil moisture on carbon assimilation was not consistent between years. Delayed sap flow and bloom time resulted as a consequence of delayed senescence the previous fall, but soil moisture did not affect spring phenology.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Botryosphaeria spp. Causing Gummosis of Peach Trees in Hubei Province, Central China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Guohuai Li ◽  
Junbin Huang ◽  
Tom Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Fusicoccum Aesculi ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Genomic Regions

Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important and widely grown fruit trees in China; however, perennial gummosis on trunks and branches is a major problem in peach orchards of Hubei Province, one of the most important peach production areas of China. In order to identify the gummosis-causing agents, diseased trunks and branches were collected from 11 peach orchards in Hubei Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from these samples, yielding three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea (anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi), B. rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae), and B. obtusa (anamorph Diplodia seriata). They were identified based on conidial morphology and cultural characteristics, as well as analyses of nucleotide sequences of three genomic regions: the internal transcribed spacer region, a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene. Fusicoccum aesculi was found in all 11 orchards but L. theobromae was found only in Shayang County in the Jingmen region and D. seriata only in Gong'an County in the Jingzhou region. Via artificial inoculation using mycelia on wounded twigs or branches, these three species were all found to be pathogenic, causing dark lesions on the twigs and branches and, sometimes, gum exudation from diseased parts. Isolates of L. theobromae were the most virulent and caused the largest lesions and most copious gummosis, and D. seriata had less gum than the other two species. This report represents the first description of L. theobromae and D. seriata as causal agents of gummosis on peach in China.

scholarly journals Effect of Diagonal Cut Surface Length on Graft Success and Growth of Mangifera indica, Persia americana, and Prunus persica

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Mng’omba ◽  
Elsa S. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Surface Length ◽  
Cut Surface

Grafting has been a common propagation method in many fruit trees to achieve fruiting precocity. Its success has depended on proper alignment of parenchymatous tissues of both scions and their respective rootstocks. Although grafting has been practiced for a long time, the right or ideal length of a diagonal cut surface that promotes proper alignment of vascular bundles of both graft partners to ensure fast graft-take and eventually graft success have not been investigated. An experiment was carried out on mango, avocado, and peach trees with an objective of establishing suitable or correct length of a diagonal cut surface when grafting (splice method) to improve graft success. Diagonal cut surface lengths applied to both scions and rootstocks included 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, or 100 mm with at least three grafters treated as a random component. A significant difference (P < 0.0001) was found among the diagonal cut surface lengths and over 80% of graft success was obtained with 40- to 100-mm diagonal cut surface lengths, especially for mango. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) were also obtained in shoot length and stem diameter size (thickness) for all tree crops studied and also for number of leaves except for avocado plants. It is concluded that improved graft success can be achieved with a diagonal cut surface length of 40 mm long with the need for a few grafting strips.

scholarly journals L-PEACH: A Computer-based Model to Understand How Peach Trees Grow

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Lopez ◽  
Romeo R. Favreau ◽  
Colin Smith ◽  
Theodore M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Peach Trees

L-PEACH is a computer-based model that simulates the growth of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. The model integrates important concepts related to carbon assimilation, distribution, and use in peach trees. It also includes modeling of the responses to horticultural practices such as tree pruning and fruit thinning. While running L-PEACH, three-dimensional (3D) depictions of simulated growing trees can be displayed on the computer screen and the user can easily interact with the model. Quantitative data generated during a simulation can be saved to a file or printed for visualization and analysis. L-PEACH is a powerful tool for understanding how peach trees function in the field environment, and it can be used as an innovative method for dissemination of knowledge related with carbohydrate assimilation and partitioning. In this study, we describe the version of L-PEACH that runs on a daily time-step (L-PEACH-d) and how users can run the model and interact with it. To demonstrate how L-PEACH-d works, different pruning and fruit thinning strategies were analyzed. Regarding pruning, model outputs showed 3D depictions of unpruned trees and pruned trees trained to a perpendicular V system. For the fruit thinning studies, we simulated different intensities and dates of fruit thinning in mature peach trees. Total simulated yield increased with crop load but the opposite was observed for average fruit weight. An optimal balance between simulated total yield and average fruit weight was obtained by leaving 150 fruit per tree. Simulating different dates of fruit thinning indicated that fruit weight at harvest was higher on earlier compared with later-thinned trees. The model indicates that fruit thinning should be therefore carried out early in the season to maximize fruit size. The simulation results demonstrate that L-PEACH-d can be used as an educational tool and facilitate the adoption of suitable cultural practices for efficient production.

scholarly journals Data on biology and ecology of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on fruit trees in the Peloponnese

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
George J. Stathas ◽  
Α. Kostriva ◽  
Panagiotis J. Skouras ◽  
Dimitrios C. Kontodimas ◽  
Ch. F Karipidis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Chilocorus Bipustulatus ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Rhyzobius Lophanthae

The study was conducted In Kalamata, Messinia, province of the Peloponnese, where infestations of Pseudauacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) were found on kiwi trees Actinidia deliciosa (Actinidiaceae), peach trees Prunus persica (Rosaceae) and mulberry trees Morus alba (Moraceae). Data on biology and ecology of the scale were recorded by samplings of infested branches of mulberry trees and by examining them in the laboratory, during the years 2016-2018. Pseudaulacaspis pentagona is an oviparous and amphigonic species. The fecundity of the scale fluctuated between 97 and 133 eggs per female. In the area of Kalamata it completed 3 generations per year and overwintered as mated pre-ovipositing female. The main natural enemies of P. pentagona recorded in the area of Kalamata are the coccinellid predators: Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) and Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell.

scholarly journals Water extraction pattern and transpirational losses of peach trees Under well-watered and drying cycles

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
R.P. SAMUI ◽  
M.J. Mc FARLAND ◽  
J.W. WORTHINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Extraction Pattern ◽  
Peach Trees

 Mature peach trees [Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch] grown in weighing lysimeters were subjected to soil moisture stress by shutting off irrigation. Initially transpiration (T) was at potential rate when available soil moisture in the active root zone was near field capacity. Rapid changes in soil moisture under drying cycles caused gradual decrease in transpirational rate. When 0 to 60 cm soil layer reached permanent wilting point, there was a sharp decline in water use. Mature peach trees require barest minimum of 10  mm of water for their metabolic activity. A regression model has been developed to estimate transpirational loss of peach from available soil profile water.    

Effects of nitrogen content on growth and hydraulic characteristics of peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings under different soil moisture conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-liang Zhang ◽  
Guo-dong Liu ◽  
Fu-cang Zhang ◽  
Cai-xia Zheng ◽  
Fu-quan Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Evaluation of Presswheels and Seed Coverers for Direct Seeding of Brassica

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599E-600
Author(s):  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Richard L. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Determine Effect

Improved stand establishment of direct-seeded crops has usually involved seed treatment and/or seed covers. Planters have been evaluated for seed/plant spacing uniformity, singulation, furrow openers, and presswheel design; however, effects of presswheels and seed coverers on plant establishment have not been widely investigated. Five experiments were conducted in a fine sandy loam soil to determine effect of presswheels and seed coverers on emergence of direct-seeded cabbage and mustard. Seed were planted with Stanhay 870 seeder equipped with one of four presswheels and seed coverers. Presswheels included smooth, mesh, concave split, and flat split types. Seed coverers included standard drag, light drag, paired knives, and no coverer. Soil moisture at planting ranged from 8% to 19% in the top 5 cm of bed. Differences in plant counts taken 2 weeks after planting were minimal with any presswheel or seed coverer. Visual observation indicated the seed furrow was more completely closed with the knife coverer in high soil moisture conditions. All tests received at least 14 mm of precipitation within 6 days from planting, which may account for lack of differences in plant emergence.

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