In Vitro Decoated Seed Germination and Seedling Development for Propagation of Wild Mandrake (Mandragora autumnalis Bertol.)

Hani Al-Ahmad

doi:10.3390/plants9101339

In Vitro Decoated Seed Germination and Seedling Development for Propagation of Wild Mandrake (Mandragora autumnalis Bertol.)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9101339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1339

Author(s):

Hani Al-Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Zygotic Embryo ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Cold Treatment ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Plant Materials ◽

System P ◽

Double Number

The establishment of an efficient in vitro propagation system for the conservation of the Mediterranean Mandragora autumnalis is highly desirable due to its scarcity, besides its potential medicinal and pharmacological properties. In a separate unpublished study, this species has proved to be resistant to laboratory plant regeneration from vegetative tissue cultures; therefore, an alternative decoated seed (i.e., endosperm enclosed the zygotic embryo) germination approach was conducted in this study. Pre-cold treatment of M. autumnalis seeds, removal of seed coats, and exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) promoted in vitro seed germination and seedling emergence. In two separate experiments, approximately 10–27% of the germinated decoated seeds developed healthy seedlings within two weeks, compared to the non-germinated intact seeds of the potting soil controls. After 72 days, the highest rates of healthy seedlings development (67.4 and 69.4%) achieved in the in vitro decoated seed cultures supplemented with 60 and 100 mg/L GA3, respectively, compared to only 25% seedlings emergence rate of the in vitro cultures devoid of GA3, and 44.2% of the soil controls. The in vitro developed plants were healthy, survived transplantation conditions, and, significantly, grew faster, formed on average more than the double number of true leaves and shoot fresh weight (p ≤ 0.05), 90% more fresh weight of root system (p ≤ 0.05), and ultimately more than the double gross fresh weight (p ≤ 0.05) than that of the in vivo developed plants of the soil controls. Such in vitro seed germination approaches would be favorable due to the higher capacity of uniform seedling establishment year-round under lab-controlled conditions, facilitating proliferation and conservation of rare and threatened species, and providing fresh and axenic plant materials required for downstream studies such as those associated with leaf-derived protoplasts and genetic transformations.

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Effect of pre-sowing treatment on seed germination and seedling vigour in endive and chicory

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/28/2008-hortsci ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 117-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

G. Tzortzakis N

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Gibberelic Acid ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

The Mean

The influence of pre-sowing treatments using hydropriming, osmopriming and halopriming in laboratory and/or nursery tests on seedling emergence, seedling weight and plant growth of endive and chicory was examined. Halopriming (KNO3) or growth regulators (gibberelic acid; GA3) improved the rate of germination of endive and chicory and reduced the mean germination time needed. 30 min pre-sowing treatment with NaHClO3, methyl jasmonate and dictamus essential oil decreased seed germination as well as seed radicle length in vitro. In the nursery tests, pre-sowing treatments had in some extent impact on the upper part (fresh weight) of the seedling, while no major changes were observed for leaf number and root fresh weight. 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or NaHClO3 treatment reduced plant growth of both species. The present study suggests that KNO3 and secondly GA3 treatments may improve rapid and uniform seedling emergence and plant development in nurseries and/or in greenhouses, which is easily applicable by nursery workers with economic profits.

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Biological activity from indigenous medicinal plants of Mauritius

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac200577010041 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. Gurib-Fakim ◽

H. Subratty ◽

F. Narod ◽

J. Govinden-Soulange ◽

F. Mahomoodally

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Plant Materials ◽

In Vivo Screening ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Minor Ailments

The Mauritian population has a long tradition in the use of ethno-medicine, and the practice is still strong, especially in the treatment of minor ailments. Such interest stems from an existing culture, and many “tisanes” are still prepared from plant materials and sold in several markets around the island.This paper will focus on the various chemical/biological screening techniques currently being used to evaluate the biological properties of medicinal plant extracts. Particular emphasis will be put on extraction and various screening for biological/pharmacological properties. Due consideration will be given to the pharmacological approaches that utilize different animal models for the in vitro and in vivo screening of medicinal plant extracts.

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Super Cooling Point Phenotypes and Cold Resistance in Hyles euphorbiae Hawk Moths from Different Climate Zones

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13050207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Hana Daneck ◽

Matthias Benjamin Barth ◽

Martin Geck ◽

Anna K. Hundsdoerfer

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Cold Treatment ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Frost Tolerance ◽

Cold Sensitivity ◽

Cold Hardy ◽

Hyles Euphorbiae

The spurge hawkmoth Hyles euphorbiae L. (Sphingidae) comprises a remarkable species complex with still not fully resolved taxonomy. Its extensive natural distribution range covers diverse climatic zones. This predestinates particular populations to cope with different local seasonally unfavorable environmental conditions. The ability of the pupae to overcome outer frosty conditions is well known. However, the differences between two main ecotypes (‘euphorbiae’ and ‘tithymali’) in terms of the inherent degree of frost tolerance, its corresponding survival strategy, and underlying mechanism have not been studied in detail so far. The main aim of our study was to test the phenotypic exhibition of pupae (as the relevant life cycle stadia to outlast unfavorable conditions) in response to combined effects of exogenous stimuli, such as daylight length and cooling regime. Namely, we tested the turnout of subitan (with fast development, unadapted to unfavorable conditions) or diapause (paused development, adapted to unfavorable external influences and increased resistance) pupae under different conditions, as well as their mortality, and we measured the super cooling point (SCP) of whole pupae (in vivo) and pupal hemolymph (in vitro) as phenotypic indicators of cold acclimation. Our results show higher cold sensitivity in ‘tithymali’ populations, exhibiting rather opportunistic and short-termed cold hardiness, while ‘euphorbiae’ produces a phenotype of seasonal cold-hardy diapause pupae under a combined effect of short daylight length and continuous cold treatment. Further differences include the variability in duration and mortality of diapause pupae. This suggests different pre-adaptations to seasonal environmental conditions in each ecotype and may indicate a state of incipient speciation within the H. euphorbiae complex.

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Antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningiopsis against Fusarium solani in seed germination and vigor of Miahuateco chili seedlings

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.18781/r.mex.fit.2101-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Leydi Miguel-Ferrer ◽

Omar Romero-Arenas ◽

Petra Andrade-Hoyos ◽

Primo Sánchez-Morales ◽

José Antonio Rivera-Tapia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Para Determinar ◽

Santa Maria

El chile es la segunda hortaliza de mayor producción en México. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la actividad antagónica in vitro e in vivo de Trichoderma harzianum (T-H4) y T. koningiopsis (T-K11) versus Fusarium solani (MX-MIC 798) en la germinación y establecimiento de plántula de chile Miahuateco. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento radial (PICR) de la cepa MX-MIC 798. Además, se analizó el porcentaje de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero, así como la mortalidad de plántulas y grado de severidad a los 40 días después del trasplante (ddt) en Santa María Tecomavaca, Oaxaca, a través de biocontrol y control químico (Mancozeb 80®). La cepa T-H4 presentó el nivel antagónico PICR más alto (53.3%) in vitro y clase II en la escala de Bell, asimismo obtuvo 82% de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero y 48% de mortalidad en campo; de manera que igualó al control químico y superó a T. koningiopsis T-K11. La actividad antifúngica de Trichoderma spp., ofrecen una alternativa para el biocontrol de la marchitez y necrosis en raíz del cultivo de chile Miahuateco causada por F. solani MX-MIC 798.

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Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants7040079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

María Ibáñez ◽

María Blázquez

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Food Crops ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

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Efficacy of different fungicides and biopesticides for the management of lentil wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis)

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v8i01.19565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Author(s):

KAMLESH RAM ◽

RAMESH SINGH

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Test Plant ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Wilt Incidence

In Vitro and In Vivo studies on the efficacy of fungicides and biopesticides. Among the fungicides, in Carbedazim to the most effective as they have inhibited the mycelia growth completely of the test fungus, and Benomyl, Topsin - M, Ridomil,Vitavax were found the next best in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen up to 92.11% to 83.46% respectively. Sadabahar was least effective plant extracts which causes 42 mm of radial growth and inhibited the growth of the only 19.23%. In Vivo condition the maximum seed germination (95.50% and 95.33%), minimum wilt incidence (5.16% and 3.65%) and highest grain yield (10.50 q/ha and 10.35 q/ha) was found seed treatment with Carbendazim (0.2%). Among the test plant extracts Tulsi was lested effective, which show the minimum seed germination (80.00% and 77.50%), maximum wilt incidence (15.70% and 14.10%), and lowest grain yield (3.92 q/ha and 4.17 q/ha).

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Study of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Properties of Selected Plant Extracts for Food Preservative Applications

International Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.7455/ijfs/10.si.2021.a8 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 95-111

Author(s):

Tania Islam ◽

Md Nazrul Islam ◽

Wahidu Zzaman ◽

Md Morsaline Billah

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Food Preservative

An attempt has been made to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of extracts from onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum), leaves of guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), tea (Camellia sinensis), baen (Avicennia alba) and keora (Sonneratia apetala), respectively to apply as natural preservatives for tomatoes. The air-dried plant materials of the respective plant species were subjected to ethanol-methanol extraction, concentrated and stored at 4 °C before use. The extracts were dissolved in 95% ethanol for analysis of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Of the extracts tested, tea extracts showed the highest zone of inhibition against several pathogenic bacteria (E. coli 35.0±3.2 mm; P. aeruginosa 29.3±2.6 mm; S. typhi 28.4±2.1 mm and S. pyogenes 27.7±3.7 mm) using the disc diffusion method. In regard to DPPH free radical scavenging assay, keora and guava extracts showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity with the values of 89.64± 0.18 and 89.39± 0.88, respectively, which were in agreement with higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of these extracts obtained by the phosphomolybdenum method. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay for cytotoxicity assessment showed LC50 of 132.54 ± 18.99 µg/mL for the leaf extract of keora which was found to be most toxic among all studied extracts. The initial results indicated that the extracts could be used for food preservative applications based on the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of the tested extracts. However, efficacy, stability and safety issues need to be addressed with both in vitro and in vivo studies.

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Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2017-0150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (9-10) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nursenem Karaca ◽

Betül Demirci ◽

Fatih Demirci

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Lavandula Stoechas ◽

Main Components

Abstract Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.

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