scholarly journals Phytochemical, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Psilocybe Natalensis Magic Mushroom

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanah M. Nkadimeng ◽  
Alice Nabatanzi ◽  
Christiaan M.L. Steinmann ◽  
Jacobus N. Eloff
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Controls

Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, have been used since ancient and recent times for depression and to improve quality of life. However, their anti-inflammatory properties are not known. The study aims at investing cytotoxicity; antioxidant; and, for the first time, anti-inflammatory effects of Psilocybe natalensis, a psilocybin-containing mushroom that grows in South Africa, on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Macrophage cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and treated with different concentrations of Psilocybe natalensis mushroom extracted with boiling hot water, cold water and ethanol over 24 h. Quercetin and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester were used as positive controls. Effects of extracts on the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and cytokine activities were investigated. Phytochemical analysis, and the antioxidant and cytotoxicity of extracts, were determined. Results showed that the three extracts inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin 1β cytokine production significantly in a dose-dependent manner close to that of the positive controls. A study proposed that ethanol and water extracts of Psilocybe natalensis mushroom were safe at concentrations used, and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds in the mushroom extracts.

scholarly journals Bioactive Phytochemicals from Mulberry: Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8120
Author(s):  
Dahae Lee ◽  
Seoung Rak Lee ◽  
Ki Sung Kang ◽  
Ki Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Iκb Kinase ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The fruits of the mulberry tree (Morus alba L.), known as white mulberry, have been consumed in various forms, including tea, beverages, and desserts, worldwide. As part of an ongoing study to discover bioactive compounds from M. alba fruits, the anti-inflammatory effect of compounds from M. alba were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract of the M. alba fruits led to the isolation of 22 compounds. Among the isolated compounds, to the best of our knowledge, compounds 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, and 14–22 were identified from M. alba fruits for the first time in this study. Inhibitory effects of 22 compounds on the production of the nitric oxide (NO) known as a proinflammatory mediator in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were evaluated using NO assays. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5). We evaluated whether the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5) following LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages occurred because of phosphorylation of IκB kinase alpha (IKKα), IκB kinase beta (IKKβ), inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5) significantly suppressed phosphorylations of IKKα, IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB and activations of iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5) can be considered a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-associated disorders.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF NF-κB, COX-1, COX-2, COMT, IL-10, IL-6 AND TNF-α IN MODULATING ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ENTADA PHASEOLOIDES

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
CHANDANA CHOUDHURY BARUA ◽  
S. M. ABDUL AZIZ BARBHUIYA ◽  
LIPIKA BURAGOHAIN ◽  
AJAY KAKATI ◽  
ACHEENTA GOHAIN BARUA
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Entada Phaseoloides ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 1

Objective: To investigate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Entada phaseoloides (MEEP) along with its molecular mechanistic pathway. Methods: Swiss albino female mice and Wistar rats of either sex were administered orally with MEEP extracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and pentazocine, tramadol and diclofenac sodium, as standard drugs. Following administration, anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated using an acetic acid-induced writhing test, Eddy’s hot plate, and hot water immersion test. Serum was collected for molecular expression of various proteins and genes using Reverse Transcriptase PCR and Western Blotting. Results: Acetic acid writhing test, a frequently used method to assess peripheral analgesic activity, revealed that MEEP reduced peripherally induced pain in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, Eddy’s hot plate and hot water immersion methods, often implicated for testing central analgesic activities, showed that MEEP is bestowed with the capability to counteract analgesia in a dose and time-dependent manner. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors like COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB that cause inflammatory responses and pain were significantly reduced, suggesting its analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. This analgesic and the anti-inflammatory role played by MEEP is also supported by the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and COMT and COX-1 enzyme demonstrated no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The study revealed the weak peripheral and potent central analgesic property MEEP by modulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Essential Oils of Amomum aromaticum Fruits in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hai Dang ◽  
Le Thi Van Anh ◽  
Nguyen Tien Dat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Physiologic Response ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

Inflammation is a vital physiologic response of cellular injury, infection, or autoimmune activation. Overproduction of proinflammatory mediators may result in the chronic inflammation that leads to many diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we assessed for the first time the anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oils of Amomum aromaticum fruits (AAE) in RAW264.7 murine macrophage model. As a result, AAE potently inhibited the production of nitric oxide in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with the IC50 value of 0.45 ± 0.11 μg/ml. AAE also dose-dependently reduced the expression of two proinflammatory proteins iNOS and COX-2 in the stimulated cells. Phytochemical analysis revealed that major compositions of the volatile oils including 1,8 cineole (48.22%), geranial (9.24%), neral (6.72%), α-pinene (2.43%), and α-terpineol (2.28%) may contribute greatly to the inhibition effects due to their anti-inflammatory properties. The results suggest for the potential uses of AAE in chronic inflammation prevention.

Ethanol Extract of Lilium Bulbs Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role by Targeting the IKKα/β-Mediated NF-κB Pathway in Macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 1281-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yun Han ◽  
Young-Su Yi ◽  
Seong-Gu Jeong ◽  
Yo Han Hong ◽  
Kang Jun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lilium bulbs have long been used as Chinese traditional medicines to alleviate the symptoms of various human inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of Lilium bulb-mediated anti-inflammatory activity and the bioactive components in Lilium bulbs remain unknown. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of Lilium bulbs and the underlying mechanism of action were investigated in macrophages using Lilium bulb ethanol extracts (Lb-EE). In a dose-dependent manner, Lb-EE inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) without causing significant cytotoxicity. Lb-EE also down-regulated mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which included inducuble nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]). Furthermore, Lb-EE markedly restored LPS-induced morphological changes in RAW264.7 cells to a normal morphology. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol as bioactive components contained in Lb-EE. Mechanistic studies in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells revealed that Lb-EE suppressed MyD88- and TRIF-induced NF-[Formula: see text]B transcriptional activation and the nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B transcription factors. Moreover, Lb-EE inhibited IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-induced activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway and IKK inhibition significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Lb-EE plays an anti-inflammatory role by targeting IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-mediated activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TINOCRISPOSIDE BY INHIBITING NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES-STIMULATED RAW 264.7 CELLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adek Zamrud Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Taher ◽  
Tika Afriani ◽  
Annisa Fauzana ◽  
Dewi Imelda Roesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of tinocrisposide using lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Tinocrisposide is a furano diterpene glycoside that was isolated in our previous study from Tinospora crispa.Methods: Anti-inflammatory effect was quantified spectrometrically using Griess method by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production after the addition of Griess reagent.Results: The sample concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM and 100 μM of dexamethasone (positive control) have been tested against the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the results showed NO level production of 39.23, 34.00, 28.9, 20.25, 16.3, and 13.68 μM, respectively, and the inhibition level of 22.67, 33.00, 43.03, 60.10, 68.00, and 73%, respectively.Conclusions: From the study, it could be concluded that tinocrisposide was able to inhibit the formation of NO in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in concentration activity-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibition concentration 46.92 μM. It can be developed as anti-inflammatory candidate drug because NO is a reactive nitrogen species which is produced by NO synthase. The production of NO has been established as a mediator in inflammatory diseases.

345. Experiments on milking technique

1947 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Dodd ◽  
A. S. Foot
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Milk Flow

1. During the first 2 weeks and last 2 weeks of a 9-week period nine cows, milked by machine, were prepared for milking by hosing and washing the udders with cold water 15 min. to 1 hr. before milking, while in the intervening 5 weeks the udders only were washed with water at 115 to 120° F. immediately before milking.2. The hot-water routine had no pronounced effect on the yield and quality of the milk from the majority of the cows, although one reacted unfavourably to a change back to the cold water routine and had to be stripped by hand.3. The gradual restriction, over an interval of 4–6 weeks, in the milking time from 100 to 60% of the previous normal flow period for three cows in mid-lactation had no great influence on the maximum rate of milk flow from the udder, even when hot-water washing of the udder immediately before milking was introduced late in the experiment. The maximum rate of flow was, however, reached slightly sooner after putting on the teat cups.4. The restriction in milking time caused only a small reduction in yield as the flow during the latter part of the flow period had in any case been small.5. The fat content of the milk of the cows whose milking time was restricted fell somewhat while the solids-not-fat content remained steady.6. Washing the udder with hot water or restricting milking time showed no clear-cut effect on the incidence of mastitis.

Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Kenya Grade AA Green Coffee Bean Extracts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Chul LEE ◽  
Jae-Sook LEE ◽  
Jeong-Hyun LEE ◽  
Yeona KIM ◽  
Wi-Young SO
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Green Coffee Bean

Background: Kenya AA green coffee bean extracts were tested for natural ingredients used for anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory purposes in cosmetic products Methods: Anti-oxidative activities were measured by total polyphenol, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated via nitric oxide (NO) assays, and through quantification of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression by western blotting. Data analyses were performed using independent Student’s t-tests, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Total polyphenol content of water and ethanol extract was 169.0 ± 3.1 mg and 300.34 ± 16.6 mg tannic acid/g dry weight, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of all the extracts were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Kenya AA green coffee bean extracts were toxic at a concentration of 1,000 µg/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. Anti-inflammatory activity as determined by NO assay showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO was significantly inhibited following treatment with Kenya AA green coffee bean extracts in a concentration-dependent manner. iNOS and COX-2 protein expression was also significantly inhibited following treatment. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential of Kenya AA green coffee bean extracts as a naturally active anti-inflammatory agent in cosmetic products.

Ecklonia stolonifera inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and proinflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Jin Yang ◽  
Young-Min Ham ◽  
Dong Kim ◽  
Ji-Young Kim ◽  
Jung Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Ecklonia Stolonifera ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase

AbstractAs part of our ongoing alternative medicine program, we have directed our attention toward the identification of edible seaweeds in Korea. Here we report on the anti-inflammatory activities of Ecklonia stolonifera. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the pharmacological and biological effects of E. stolonifera extracts on the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The results indicate that the hexane fraction of E. stolonifera extract (ESH) is an effective inhibitor of lipopolysccharide (LPS)-induced NO, prostaglandin E2, and proinflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells. These inhibitory effects of ESH were accompanied by decreases in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins. Furthermore, ESH inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, which is required for the nuclear translocations of the p50 and p65 nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) subunits in RAW 264.7 cells. Our results suggest that ESH might exert an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such an effect is mediated by a blocking of NF-κB activation, which consequently inhibits the generation of inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells. Through HPLC fingerprinting of the E. stolonifera extract, the phloroglucinol was also identified and quantified as standard substance. Moreover, we tested the potential application of E. stolonifera extract as a cosmetic material by performing human skin primary irritation tests. In these assays, E. stolonifera extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that E. stolonifera extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF THE COMPONENTS OF AMOMUM TSAO-KO IN MURINE MACROPHAGE RAW 264.7 CELLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Chun Whan Choi ◽  
Ju Young Shin ◽  
Changon Seo ◽  
Seong Su Hong ◽  
Eun-Kyung Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Murine Macrophage ◽  
Etoh Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Plants still remain the prime source of drugs for the treatment of inflammation and can provide leads for the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents. Material and methods: An in vitro bioassay guide revealed that the 80% ethanol (EtOH) extract of the whole plant, Amomum tsao-ko (Zingiberaceae), displayed anti-inflammatory activity after assessing its effects on murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Result: Phytochemical study of the 80% EtOH extract of Amomum tsao-ko led to the isolation of eight compounds: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid (1), meso-hannokinol (2), (+)-hannokinol (3), coumaric acid (4), 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid (5), (+)-epicatechin (6), (-)-catechin (7), and myrciaphenone A (8). The results indicated that two of the isolated components, (+)-epicatechin (6) and (-)-catechin (7), inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) significantly in lipopolysaccharide treated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: LPS-induced interleukin tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), IL-1β and IL-10 production was also decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that (+)-epicatechin (6) and (-)-catechin (7) reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and inhibited nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB).

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Sonchus oleraceus Extract in Lipopoly saccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1755-1761
Author(s):  
Eun-Jin Yang ◽  
Sungchan Jang ◽  
Kwang Hee Hyun ◽  
Eun-Young Jung ◽  
Seung-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The anti-inflammatory activity and non-toxicity of Sonchus oleraceus extract (J6) were tested by measuring its effect on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. We treated the RAW264.7 cells with various concentrations (50, 100, or 200 μg/mL) of J6. Our results showed that J6 inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner, without compromising cell viability. In addition, we provided supporting evidence that the inhibitory activity of J6 on the production of NO and PGE2 occurred via the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. Our findings suggest that J6 is a new source for anti-inflammatory drugs and ingredients for healthcare products that include functional cosmetics.

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