scholarly journals Water Shortage Strongly Alters Formation of Calcium Oxalate Druse Crystals and Leaf Traits in Fagopyrum esculentum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenka Gaberščik ◽  
Mateja Grašič ◽  
Katarina Vogel-Mikuš ◽  
Mateja Germ ◽  
Aleksandra Golob
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a robust plant with high resistance to different environmental constraints. It contains high levels of calcium oxalate (CaOx) druse crystals, although their role remains obscure. The objective was to examine the effects of water shortage on plant biomass partition and leaf traits and formation of CaOx druse crystals in common buckwheat. Buckwheat plants were exposed to favorable and reduced water availability for 28 days. The element composition and morphological, biochemical, physiological and optical traits of the leaves, and the plant biomass were investigated under these conditions. Measurements of photochemical efficiency of photosystem II showed undisturbed functioning for buckwheat exposed to water shortage, apparently due to partially closed stomata and more efficient water regulation. Strong relationships were seen between water-related parameters and Ca, Mn and S content, and size and density of CaOx druse crystals. Redundancy analysis revealed the importance of the size of CaOx druse crystals to explain reflection in the UV range. Water shortage resulted in shorter plants with the same leaf mass (i.e., increased mass:height ratio), which, together with denser leaf tissue and higher content of photosynthetic pigments and protective substances, provides an advantage under extreme weather conditions.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Phenolic Acids Are Differently Genetically Determined in Leaves, Flowers, and Grain of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Alena Vollmannová ◽  
Janette Musilová ◽  
Judita Lidiková ◽  
Július Árvay ◽  
Marek Šnirc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a valuable source of proteins, B vitamins, manganese, tryptophan, phytochemicals with an antioxidant effect, and the natural flavonoid rutin. Due to its composition, buckwheat supports the human immune system, regulates blood cholesterol, and is suitable for patients with diabetes or celiac disease. The study aimed to compare the allocation of selected phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, trans-sinapic acid, trans-ferulic acid) and flavonoids (rutin, vitexin, quercetin, kaempferol) in the leaves, flowers, and grain of buckwheat cultivars of different origin. The content of individual phenolics was determined by the HPLC-DAD method. The results confirmed the determining role of cultivar on the relative content of chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-sinapic acid, vitexin, and kaempferol in buckwheat plants. A significantly negative correlation among concentrations of phenolic acids in different common buckwheat plant parts shows that there are different mechanisms of genetic influences on the concentration of phenolic substances in common buckwheat flowers, leaves, and grain. These differences should be taken into account when breeding buckwheat for a high concentration of selected phenolic substances.

scholarly journals Severe Water Deficiency during the Mid-Vegetative and Reproductive Phase has Little Effect on Proso Millet Performance

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grašič ◽  
Golob ◽  
Vogel-Mikuš ◽  
Gaberščik
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Proso Millet

Climate change can result in extreme droughts, significantly affecting crop production. C4 crop proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) has the lowest water consumption among all of the cereal crops. Understanding its survival mechanisms is thus crucial for agriculture. Furthermore, yield reduction does not only occur directly due to water shortage, but is also a consequence of an impaired element uptake during drought. This study aimed to examine the effect of water deficiency on proso millet leaf traits, plant biomass partition, and yield. In addition, leaf element contents were analysed, including silicon, which is an important multifunctional element for grasses. The majority of the measured parameters showed little change from the control to the moderate and severe water shortage treatments, even though the soil moisture levels differed significantly. The most pronounced reduction in comparison to the control was for leaf biomass, leaf stomatal conductance, and leaf silicon, phosphorus, calcium, and sulphur contents. Conversely, an increase was obtained for leaf potassium and chlorine contents. Panicle biomass was the same for all plant groups. Leaf silicon was positively correlated to reflectance in the UV region, while leaf calcium was negatively correlated to reflectance in the visible regions, which might prevent damage due to short-wave UV radiation and provide sufficient visible light for photosynthesis. The efficient light and water management, reduction of leaf biomass, and same-sized root system may be the mechanisms that mitigate the negative effects of water shortage in proso millet.

scholarly journals Influence of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid on Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Sprouts

Molecules ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Park ◽  
Hyeon Yeo ◽  
Yun Park ◽  
Abubaker Morgan ◽  
Mariadhas Valan Arasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid
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