scholarly journals Impacts of Phosphogypsum, Soluble Fertilizer and Lime Amendment of Acid Soils on the Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Sulphur under Lucerne (Medicago sativa)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Moussa Bouray ◽  
Jim Moir ◽  
Leo Condron ◽  
Niklas Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Responses

Legumes play critical dual roles in grazed grassland ecosystems; providing nitrogen inputs and high-quality feed for grazing livestock. However, many species fail to persist in acidic, low fertility soils. A glasshouse study was conducted to investigate the response of lucerne (Medicago sativa) to phosphogypsum (PG), lime and soluble P + S fertilizer (PS) application to two soils. Phosphorus and sulphur were applied through either PG (0, 1, 3 and 9 t ha−1) or P + S fertilizer at equivalent rates to PG. Both PG and PS were applied with or without lime, which was applied at 2 t ha−1. Yield and nutrient uptake of the lucerne was measured, while the soil was analyzed for pH, Olsen P and exchangeable aluminum. Yield responses were significantly different between the two soils. Maximum yields and P and S uptakes were obtained under PG 9 t ha−1 combined with lime. Exchangeable Al decreased in both soils under 1 ha−1 of PG compared with the control. At the highest rate, Olsen P increased by 8 and 6 mg kg−1 for PG and by 6 and 11 mg kg−1 for PS compared with the control for Glenmore and Molesworth soils respectively. Phosphogypsum showed positive effects on P and S bioavailability.

Alfalffa,Medicago sativa L., in highly weathered, acid soils

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Bouton ◽  
M. E. Sumner ◽  
J. E. Giddens
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

scholarly journals The Influence of Biochar, Slow-Release Molasses, and an Organic N:P:K Fertilizer on Transplant Survival of Pyrus communis ‘Williams’ Bon Chrétien’

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Schaffert ◽  
Glynn Percival
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Transplant Survival ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Growing Seasons

High mortality rates result from transplanting bare-rooted plants into urban landscapes where unsuitable soil conditions, such as low fertility and poor structure, often exist. Coupled with little aftercare, these losses can cause high economic losses to the industry. Previous studies have shown lowered transplant stress and higher survival rates through the addition of soil amendments at the time of planting to improve soil conditions. The efficacy of three soil amendments applied singly and in combination—biochar, slow-release molasses, and an organic N:P:K fertilizer—were investigated for their potential to reduce transplant losses of Pyrus communis ‘Williams’ Bon Chrétien. Results of this investigation showed that use of these soil amendments in virtually all cases had significant positive effects on tree growth and vitality across two growing seasons. For example, all amendments reduced mortality of Pyrus communis ‘Williams’ Bon Chrétien’ by 20% compared to none in treated controls, while increases in fruit yield and crown canopy coverage per tree ranged from 19.3% to 46.7% and 14.4% to 31.1% over non-amended soils when averaged over two growing seasons. Amendments of biochar with an organic N:P:K fertilizer and an organic N:P:K fertilizer alone showed, on average, the highest improvements in vitality and growth. Results indicate use of biochar, slow-release molasses, and organic N:P:K fertilizer amendments offer potential for increasing bare-root transplant survival and establishment of Pyrus communis ‘Williams’ Bon Chrétien.

Quantification of N2O fluxes and EF values in a pasture using chamber and eddy-covariance technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Barczyk ◽  
Kate Kuntu-Blankson ◽  
Pierluigi Calanca ◽  
Johan Six ◽  
Christof Ammann
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
Patch Scale ◽  
Relevant Factors

<p>In grassland ecosystems nitrogen (N) inputs are mainly attributed to fertilizer applications for increasing  herbage productivity and to excreta of grazing animals. Cattle, for instance, excrete 75-95 % of the N intake. Accordingly, dung and urine patches of grazing animals form hotspots of nitrate leaching and gaseous N emissions as ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) or the important greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O). Global default emission factor (EF) values for N<sub>2</sub>O, 2.0 % for grazing based nitrogen inputs (EF3) and 1.0 % for nitrogen inputs via fertilizer applications (EF1) have been suggested by IPCC. However, some countries like New Zealand, Canada or the Netherlands have established country-specific EFs showing considerable regional differences.</p><p>In the present research study, we examine N<sub>2</sub>O emissions of a pasture field in Switzerland in relation to possible drivers. Field scale emissions by eddy covariance are measured in parallel to patch-scale N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from controlled applications of urine, dung and fertilizer. The patch-scale fluxes are measured by a manually operated chamber ('fast-box') connected to an online gas analyzer. Besides estimating EF values on annual and seasonal basis, relevant factors that might control N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes like environmental conditions (weather parameters, soil moisture, soil temperature), vegetation characteristics (height, composition, nitrogen and carbon content) and pasture management (patch age, grazing, fertilization, cut events, interactive effects) are analyzed. </p><p>We present and discuss results of the first measurement year 2020. Three artificial urine applications during summer and autumn were performed. They show peak N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes of 279-1718 μg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> directly after application that decrease to near-background fluxes within 19-43 days. Using a simple linear interpolation of measured N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes, EF values of artificial urine patches vary between 0.57 and 2.44 % indicating a seasonal variability of N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes.</p>

Lowest-Low Fertility in South Korea: Policy and Domestic Labor Supports and the Transition to Second Birth

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 700-731
Author(s):  
Joeun Kim ◽  
Nancy Luke
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Work Family

Abstract Scholars and policymakers contend that severe work-family constraints for women are a key contributor to lowest-low fertility in industrialized countries. Two separate areas of research have examined supports that could alleviate these constraints and potentially increase fertility: institutional support in the form of public policies and domestic labor support from male partners. There are few studies considering the influence of both policy and domestic labor supports and no investigations of the interplay between these two support mechanisms. We develop and test a theoretical framework that considers how the combination of these supports could alleviate women’s work-family constraints and increase fertility. Using the case of South Korea, a country with one of the most sustained lowest-low fertility rates in history, we examined the relationship between women’s eligibility for parental leave and husbands’ share of domestic labor and the transition to a second birth. Our analyses revealed that both supports, independently, had positive effects on the likelihood of a second birth. More importantly, we found that husbands’ domestic labor had a positive influence on fertility only when women’s access to parental leave was limited, suggesting that policy and domestic labor supports are substitutes and alleviate the same underlying work-family constraint in the Korean context. Our study underscores the importance of understanding the nature of work-family conflict across countries and how various supports―alone or in combination―could relieve women’s constraints on childbearing and upturn lowest-low fertility.

Alfalfa,Medicago sativa L., in highly weathered, acid soils

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Brooks ◽  
J. H. Bouton ◽  
M. E. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The assessment of available manganese and aluminium status in acid soils under subterranean clover pastures of various ages

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bromfield ◽  
RW Cumming ◽  
DJ David ◽  
CH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
New South ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Practical Measure

Three methods of estimating available manganese and aluminium status in acid soils were compared on three groups of soils from the Pejar district near Goulburn, New South Wales in which differences in pH had been brought about by different periods under subterranean clover pasture. Managanese extracted by 0.01 M calcium chloride gave the best correlation with the manganese concentration in rape and subterranean clover grown in pot culture, and provided the best index of available manganese. Soil solution manganese was inferior to CaCl2-extractable manganese and was more difficult to determine. Extraction with neutral ammonium acetate was unsatisfactory because this reagent overestimated available forms of manganese in soils containing high levels of reactive manganese. Aluminium extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2 was well correlated with exchangeable aluminium and with percentage aluminium saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity. None of the three measures of aluminium status alone was an effective index for predicting lime response by rape on these soils because both manganese and aluminium status were involved in this response. These three parameters were equally effective in multiple regressions for yield responses of rape to lime. Because of its relative ease of determination, CaCl2 extraction is preferred as a practical measure of aluminium status. Aluminium interacted with and increased the toxic effects of manganese in rape. Thus CaCl2-extractable manganese alone only provided a satisfactory index of a 'critical' value for manganese toxicity in rape for soils low in available aluminium. Subterranean clover was only slightly affected by aluminium and manganese levels in these soils, and manganese toxicity symptoms were only observed on soils containing 50 ppm or more CaCl2-extractable manganese. Nodulation failure in pots occurred in all soils with pH below 5.2 (water) or below 4.3 in CaCl2, whereas nodulation was normal when these soils were treated with CaCO3 to raise the pH to 5.8-6.0 (water). With one exception nodulation appeared adequate at field sites from which soils showing nodulation failure in the glasshouse had been collected.

Yield responses to lime of wheat and barley on acid soils in north-eastern Victoria

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Coventry ◽  
BR Walker ◽  
GR Morrison ◽  
MT Hyland ◽  
JC Avery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Yield Responses

Liming experiments were conducted at 13 sites (soil pH range 4.99-6.27, 0-10 cm depth) in the dryland cropping region of north-eastern Victoria with wheat grown at all sites and barley at 3 sites. Lime increased wheat yields at 9 of the 13 sites with the acid sensitive cultivar Oxley, but the yield increase was not correlated (r2=0.07) with exchangeable Al. Exchangeable A1 was closely related to pH (in 0.01 mmol/L CaCl2). The acid-tolerant wheat cultivars (Matong and Millewa) out-yielded Oxley at a soil pH (CaCl2) of 4.7 and the acid-tolerant cultivars were less responsive to liming. The barley responded to the lime treatment at each of the 3 sites. The use of acid tolerant crop species is recommended on these soils, but an improvement in the predictability of a lime response is required before liming is widely recommended.

scholarly journals Studia embriologiczne u pięciu odmian Medicago saliva L. Cz. II [Embriological studies in five varieties of Medicago sativa L. Part II.]

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
K. Bijok ◽  
E. Adamkiewicz ◽  
L. Grygorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Medicago Saliva ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

The objective of this study was to elucidate the problem of low seedy yields of five varieties of <i>Medicago sativa</i> L. (Australijska, Grimma, Kleszczewska, Miechowska, and Warmińska) under climatic conditions of northern Poland. The study included pollination and fertilization processes, embryo sac, embryo and endosperm development. These factors in case of lack of the proper amount of pollen, and insufficient number of pollinators, may under certain environmental conditions results in poor seed setting and low fertility of the varieties studied.

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