scholarly journals Nematicidal Efficacy of Milbemectin against Root-Knot Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Miguel Talavera-Rubia ◽  
Maria Dolores Vela-Delgado ◽  
Soledad Verdejo-Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

The nematicidal efficacy of milbemectin and its commercial formulate Milbeknock® on (i) egg hatching, (ii) juvenile motility and (iii) infective capacity of root-knot nematodes was evaluated in vitro and in planta assays. Serial dilutions of pure milbemectin were tested against nematode eggs and juveniles and lethal concentrations LC50 and LC90 calculated. Exposure of egg masses to milbemectin at a concentration of 30 μg/mL for 72 h reduced egg hatching by 52%. The increase in exposure time to 240 h did not increase the egg hatching inhibition at the highest concentration 30 μg/mL (53%) but reduced egg hatching at 15 and 7 μg/mL by 35 and 24%, respectively, when compared to untreated controls. The inhibitory effect of milbemectin on juvenile motility ranged from 41 to 87% depending on its concentration, and this effect was persistent after rinsing the juveniles in water. The probabilistic dose–response model indicated that lethal concentrations of milbemectin for juvenile motility were LC50: 7.4 μg/mL and LC90: 29.9 μg/mL. The pre-plant application of Milbeknock® to soils infested with the nematode reduced its infective capacity by 98–99% compared to untreated soils in pot experiments. Milbeknock® reduced nematode soil population densities by 50–60% in natural infestations under field conditions. Milbemectin shows a high level of efficacy against root-knot nematodes as it reduces egg hatching, persistently immobilizes nematode juveniles, and reduces tomato root infection.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Trichoderma asperellum Isolate against Ralstonia solanacearum Causing Brinjal Wilt

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
SMN Islam ◽  
SS Siddique ◽  
MZH Chowdhury ◽  
NJ Mishu
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Quantitative Test ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate

A native Trichoderma isolate was collected from the agricultural soil of Gazipur. This isolate was identified as a Trichoderma asperellum through morphology and analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA gene sequence and reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree. The antagonistic effects of the newly identified T. asperellum isolate were assessed against brinjal bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum both in vitro and in planta. Both qualitative and quantitative bioassays were conducted in vitro. For qualitative tests, dual culture and antibacterial activity were carried out, and pathogen growth was observed visually. The antagonism of T. asperellum cell free culture filtrate on the growth of R. solanacearum was conducted in a quantitative test. Successful antagonism was recorded after both in vitro qualitative tests. In addition, the lowest colony forming unit was recorded in 100% of CFC (2.4±0.51 ×103 cfu/ml) in quantitative test. The T. asperellum inoculated plant showed low disease incidence (13.33%) when seedlings were challenged with R. solanacearum in planta experiment. Disease incidence was 100% for seedlings when treated with only R. solanacearum. The results showed that the isolated and identified T. asperellum isolate suppressed R. solanacearum growth in vitro and protected the seedling from wilting in planta. Therefore, this isolate could be considered as a potential isolate. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2) : 107-120

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multiple Impacts of Furfural Acetone on Nematodes In Vitro and Control Efficiency against Root-Knot Nematodes in Pots and Fields

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Wanli Cheng ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Dian Huang ◽  
Minmin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) seriously endanger agricultural development and cause great economic losses worldwide. Natural product furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising nematicide with strong attractant and nematicidal activities, but baseline information about the impact of FAc on the reproduction, egg hatching, feeding, and growth of nematodes and its pest control efficiency in field are lacking. Here, the inhibition effects of FAc on nematodes in vitro and its RKN control efficiency in pot and field were investigated. FAc inhibited the egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita by 91.7% at 200 mg/L after 2 days and suppressed the reproduction, feeding, and growth of Caenorhabditis elegans in vitro. In pot experiments, FAc in various dosages reduced the disease index of plant root significantly. In field experiments, FAc exhibited control effect on RKNs equivalent to commercial nematicides avermectin and metam sodium, with a reduction in disease index by 36.9% at a dose of 50 mg/plant. FAc also reduced the population density of RKNs in soil, with a reduction rate of 75.3% at the dose of 750 mg/m2. No adverse effect was detected on plant growth after FAc application. These results provide compelling evidence for development of FAc as an appropriate alternative for current nematicides.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Saponins Derived from Medicago spp. Plants against Donkey Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Maestrini ◽  
Aldo Tava ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Federica Salari ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Nematode Eggs

With the aim to find new effective natural compounds for the control of nematodes, the in vitro anthelminthic properties of purified 1% saponins showing different chemical compositions and derived from Medicago sativa (MS), Medicago arborea (MA), Medicago polymorpha cultivar ‘Santiago’ (MPS), M. polymorpha cultivar ‘Anglona’ (MPA), and 1% prosapogenins from M. sativa (MSp), were evaluated and compared. As a source of nematode eggs, pooled fresh fecal samples taken from dairy donkeys naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes were used. From fecal samples, eggs were recovered, suspended in deionized water, and used immediately in the bioassay (egg hatch test). The activity of the tested compounds was compared to positive (0.1% thiabendazole) and negative (deionized water and 1% DMSO) controls. All experiments were repeated in triplicate and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. All the tested plant compounds caused a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of nematode egg hatching (>80%). Moreover, all saponins and prosapogenins showed in vitro anthelmintic properties statistically comparable to that of the reference drug (p < 0.05), except for MPS extract. Obtained results showed that the different Medicago saponins evaluated in this study possess high anthelmintic properties against gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy donkeys, although to a different extent depending on their composition.

scholarly journals Distribution and vulnerability of transcriptional outputs across the genome in Myc-amplified medulloblastoma cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Wenzhe Wang ◽  
Meichen Dong ◽  
Kristen Roso ◽  
Paula Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Myc plays a central role in tumorigenesis by orchestrating the expression of genes essential to numerous cellular processes1-4. While it is well established that Myc functions by binding to its target genes to regulate their transcription5, the distribution of the transcriptional output across the human genome in Myc-amplified cancer cells, and the susceptibility of such transcriptional outputs to therapeutic interferences remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we analyze the distribution of transcriptional outputs in Myc-amplified medulloblastoma (MB) cells by profiling nascent total RNAs within a temporal context. This profiling reveals that a major portion of transcriptional action in these cells was directed at the genes fundamental to cellular infrastructure, including rRNAs and particularly those in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Notably, even when Myc protein was depleted by as much as 80%, the impact on transcriptional outputs across the genome was limited, with notable reduction mostly only in genes involved in ribosomal biosynthesis, genes residing in mtDNA or encoding mitochondria-localized proteins, and those encoding histones. In contrast to the limited direct impact of Myc depletion, we found that the global transcriptional outputs were highly dependent on the activity of Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenases (IMPDHs), rate limiting enzymes for de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis and whose expression in tumor cells was positively correlated with Myc expression. Blockage of IMPDHs attenuated the global transcriptional outputs with a particularly strong inhibitory effect on infrastructure genes, which was accompanied by the abrogation of MB cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings reveal a real time action of Myc as a transcriptional factor in tumor cells, provide new insight into the pathogenic mechanism underlying Myc-driven tumorigenesis, and support IMPDHs as a therapeutic vulnerability in cancer cells empowered by a high level of Myc oncoprotein.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of antagonistic bacteria against Sclerotium rolfsii, causal agent of southern blight of common bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Flavio Camacho-Angulo ◽  
Yolani de Jesús Bojórquez-Armenta ◽  
Bardo Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Jesús Damián Cordero-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Acinetobacter Pittii

El objetivo del presente estudio fue seleccionar cepas bacterianas de la rizósfera del cultivo de frijol y determinar su potencial para el control de <em>Sclerotium rolfsii</em> bajo condiciones <em>in vitro</em> e <em>in planta</em>. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo en los municipios de Ahome, Guasave y Angostura, Sinaloa, México, durante el ciclo agrícola 2018-2019. Los aislados se evaluaron bajo condiciones <em>in vitro</em> y se seleccionaron los mejores para la evaluación <em>in planta</em> e identificación molecular (tres aislados) con base a la región 16S del ADN ribosomal. Se evaluaron 65 aislados bacterianos <em>in vitro</em> contra <em>S. rolfsii</em> con un porcentaje de inhibición de 2.5 a 65%. <em>Acinetobacter pittii </em>(COHUI06)<em>,</em> <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> (SANMI02) y <em>Burkholderia</em> sp. (GLS06) inhibieron 55, 60 y 65% bajo condiciones <em>in vitro</em>; además resultaron no hemolíticas. Solo <em>Burkholderia</em> sp. ejerció mayor porcentaje de inhibición <em>in planta</em> para el control de <em>S. rolfsii,</em> con reducción de incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad en un 40 y 50% respectivamente, y promovió el peso seco de la planta. Para <em>A. pitti</em> o <em>P. putida</em> no fueron eficientes para el control del hongo <em>in planta</em>. Se sugiere hacer estudios con las bacterias en invernadero y campo.

LncRNA DUXAP8 promotes the progression of laryngeal cancer through targeting miR-384/ POU2F1 axis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanfeng Yan ◽  
Xiaohui Wen ◽  
Jinsheng Dai ◽  
Jinfeng Liu ◽  
Pengpeng Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Laryngeal cancer is the highest incidence of head and neck cancers in the world. Increasing evidences have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the progression of laryngeal cancer. Despite of the essential role of lncRNA DUXAP8 in many human cancers, its function and specific mechanisms in laryngeal cancer are poorly understood. Methods Differentially expression analysis of lncRNAs in GSE59652 dataset was performed by using limma package of R language. The expression of DUXAP8, miR-384 and candidate mRNAs was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to determine the direct correlation between DUXAP8, miR-384 and POU2F1. Cell proliferation of laryngeal cancer cell lines TU212 and TU177 cells was evaluated by using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and EdU staining assay. Xenograft tumor model in vivo and rescue experiments were performed to explore the function and mechanisms of DUXAP8 in laryngeal cancer. Results The expression of DUXAP8 in tumor tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. High level of DUXAP8 was closely correlated to the worse prognosis of laryngeal cancer patients. Knockdown of DUXAP8 inhibited the proliferation of TU212 and TU177 cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of POU2F1 significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of sh-DUXAP8 on cell proliferation of TU212 and TU177 cells. In addition, sh-DUXAP8 significantly decreased the expression of DUXAP8 and POU2F1, while increased miR-384 expression in tumor tissues compared with sh-NC group. Conclusion DUXAP8 acted as a sponge of tumor suppressor miR-384 and then upregulated POU2F1 expression, thereby promoted the development of laryngeal cancer. Our findings suggest that DUXAP8 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for laryngeal cancer.

scholarly journals Disinvasive efficacy of chlorine-based preparations of domestic production for eggs of nematodes of the species Aonchotheca bovis parasitizing in sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Melnychuk ◽  
I. Yuskiv
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
High Level

The paper presents the results of experimental researches on the determination of the disinvasion efficiency of chlorinated chemical preparations of domestic production of “Brovades-plus”, “Bi-dez” and “Dezsans” of NPF “Brovafarma” (Ukraine). The conducted researches on the basis of the parasitology laboratory found that the studied disinfectants possess disinvasive properties in respect of non-invasive test culture of eggs of nematodes of the species Aonchotheca bovis (son Capillaria bovis) López-Neyra, 1947, isolated from gonads of females of worms. The dissimilar stability of eggs of capillaries to the effect of the tested agents in vitro is proved. The most effective disinfectant in the case of eggs of capillaries of the species A. bovis was the preparation “Dezsan”. The high level of its disinvasive efficacy (DE – 91.14–100.0%) was registered at the application of the preparation in 1.0–2.0% of the exposure concentration for 10–60 minutes. The chemicals “Bi-dez” and “Brovadez-plus” proved to be less effective in the relatively non-invasive test culture of A. bovis eggs. The high level of efficiency (DE –92.41–100.00%) of the “Bi-dez” was achieved with its use at concentrations of 1.5% (exposure of 30 and 60 min) and 2.0% (exposure of 10–60 minutes) The “Brovadez plus” preparation in vitro proved to be the least effective means of non-invasive test culture of nematode eggs of the species A. bovis, since a high level of disinvasive efficacy (DE – 100.00%) was achieved only with the use of 2.0% solution per exposure 10–60 min. It was established that the experimentally tested chlorine-based means of domestic production resulted in the death of eggs in the culture in due to the destructive effect of the components of the preparations on the shell, the caps of eggs of the capillaries, as well as on the germ in the middle of the egg. In experimental cultures treated with the means, the destruction of the shell of the egg in the location of the caps, the exit of morulae outside, the cessation of development or shrinkage of the embryo and deformation of the egg shell were recorded.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Streptomyces saraciticas as Soil Amendments for Controlling Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-606
Author(s):  
Pei-Hsuan Wu ◽  
Tung-Tsuan Tsay ◽  
Peichen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Soil-borne diseases are the major problems in mono cropping. A mixture (designated LTM-m) composed of agricultural wastes and a beneficial microorganism Streptomyces saraceticus SS31 was used as soil amendments to evaluate its efficacy for managing Rhizoctonia solani and root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). In vitro antagonistic assays revealed that SS31 spore suspensions and culture broths effectively suppressed the growth of R. solani, reduced nematode egg hatching, and increased juvenile mortality. Assays using two Petri dishes revealed that LTM-m produced volatile compounds to inhibit the growth of R. solani and cause mortality to the root knot nematode eggs and juveniles. Pot and greenhouse tests showed that application of 0.08% LTM-m could achieve a great reduction of both diseases and significantly increase plant fresh weight. Greenhouse trials revealed that application of LTM-m could change soil properties, including soil pH value, electric conductivity, and soil organic matter. Our results indicate that application of LTM-m bio-organic amendments could effectively manage soil-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals BIOL-10. DISTRIBUTION AND VULNERABILITY OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL OUTPUTS ACROSS THE GENOME IN MYC-AMPLIFIED MEDULLOBLASTOMA CELLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i5-i5
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Wenzhe Wang ◽  
Meichen Dong ◽  
Kristen Roso ◽  
Xuhui Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Myc plays a central role in tumorigenesis by orchestrating the expression of genes essential to numerous cellular processes. While it is well established that Myc functions by binding to its target genes to regulate their transcription, the distribution of the transcriptional output across human genome in Myc-amplified cancer cells, and the susceptibility of such transcriptional outputs to therapeutic interferences remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we analyze the distribution of transcriptional outputs in Myc-amplified medulloblastoma (MB) cells by profiling nascent total RNAs within a temporal context. This profiling reveals a major portion of transcriptional action in these cells was directed at the genes fundamental to cellular infrastructures, including rRNAs and particularly those in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Notably, even when Myc protein was depleted by as much as 80%, the impact on transcriptional outputs across the genome was limited, with notable reduction mostly in genes of involved in ribosomal biosynthesis, genes residing in mtDNA or encoding mitochondria-localized proteins, and those encoding histones. In contrast to the limited direct impact of Myc depletion, we found that the global transcriptional outputs were highly dependent on the activity of Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenases (IMPDHs), rate limiting enzymes for de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis and whose expression in tumor cells was positively correlated with Myc’s expression. Blockage of IMPDHs attenuated the global transcriptional outputs with a particularly strong inhibitory effect on the aforementioned infrastructure genes, which was accompanied by the abrogation of MB cell’s proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings reveal a real time action of Myc as a transcriptional factor in tumor cells, gain new insight into the pathogenic mechanism underlying Myc-driven tumorigenesis, and support IMPDHs as a therapeutic vulnerability in MB cells empowered by a high level of Myc oncoprotein.

scholarly journals Baseline Sensitivity of Pyraclostrobin and Toxicity of SHAM to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jie Liang ◽  
Ya-Li Di ◽  
Jin-Li Li ◽  
Hong You ◽  
Fu-Xing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cosmopolitan plant pathogen notable for its wide host range. The quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide pyraclostrobin has not been registered for control of S. sclerotiorum in China. In this study, baseline sensitivity of pyraclostrobin was established based on effective concentration for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50) values of 153 isolates of S. sclerotiorum collected from five provinces of China and toxicity of alternative oxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) to S. sclerotiorum was determined. Results showed that the frequency distribution of EC50 values of the 153 isolates was unimodal but with a right-hand tail. The mean EC50 value was 0.1027 μg/ml and the range of EC50 values was 0.0124 to 0.6324 μg/ml. Applied as a preventive fungicide in pot experiments, pyraclostrobin at 5, 15, and 45 μg/ml provided control efficacies of 61, 77, and 100%, respectively. There was no positive cross-resistance between pyraclostrobin and carbendazim or dimethachlon. EC50 values for SHAM against four isolates of S. sclerotiorum were 44.4, 51.8, 54.4, and 68.7 μg/ml. SHAM at 20 μg/ml could significantly increase not only the inhibitory effect of pyraclostrobin on mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar media but also the control efficacy in planta. These results indicated that SHAM should not be added into artificial media in in vitro assay of S. sclerotiorum sensitivity to pyraclostrobin. This has broad implications for assay of sensitivity of fungal pathogen to QoI fungicides.

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