scholarly journals A Revision of the Taxonomy and Identification of Epipactis greuteri (Orchidaceae, Neottieae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jakubska-Busse ◽  
Elżbieta Żołubak ◽  
Marcin Górniak ◽  
Zbigniew Łobas ◽  
Spyros Tsiftsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Nuclear Marker ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Epipactis greuteri is an obligate autogamous orchid species. Due to large differences in the interpretation of the diagnosis of this species, it is often mistakenly identified by botanists, which results in erroneous information provided in the literature about its distribution in Europe. In the present paper we review its description, including flower details, gynostemium features, and papillae morphology and compare it to E. helleborine, with which it is often confused. Based on thorough study of herbarium material (including holotype and isotype) and field research in Greece, Romania, and Poland, we confirm that gynostemium of E. greuteri has strongly reduced clinandrium and does not produce viscidium. We also discuss taxonomic treatment of E. preinensis and E. flaminia, two recently described taxa related to E. greuteri. The results of genetic analyses, as well as the range of phenotypic variability of E. greuteri individuals from various regions of Europe were presented and discussed. The analysis based on the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) nuclear marker showed no differences among E. helleborine, E. purpurata, E. albensis, and E. greuteri, which probably indicates their close relationship. Based on the analysis of plastid regions, six haplotypes were detected in all investigated samples. An exhaustive description of morphological features of E. greuteri is provided.

A new species and a new record of Xanthagaricus (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 371 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
FENGJIAN WANG ◽  
LIANGLIANG QI ◽  
XIANGYU ZHOU ◽  
YU LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
New Record ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
A New Species

Two species of Xanthagaricus discovered in Hubei Province of China are described based on the macro- and micromorphological features. Their identity is further supported by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA gene. The phylogeny obtained here showed that one of the Chinese species is nested in an exclusive clade which in combination with its striking morphological features, infers that it represents a new species, named X. ianthinus, while the other species is placed as a member in the X. epipastus clade. Descriptions are accompanied with illustrations of macro- and micromorphological characters and a discussion of related taxa is presented.

scholarly journals An ITS-based phylogenetic framework for the genus Vorticella : finding the molecular and morphological gaps in a taxonomically difficult group

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1771) ◽  
pp. 20131177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
John C. Clamp ◽  
Dapeng Xu ◽  
Bangqin Huang ◽  
Mann Kyoon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Branching Order ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

Vorticella includes more than 100 currently recognized species and represents one of the most taxonomically challenging genera of ciliates. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Vorticella has been performed so far with only sequences coding for small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA); only a few of its species have been investigated using other genetic markers owing to a lack of similar sequences for comparison. Consequently, phylogenetic relationships within the genus remain unclear, and molecular discrimination between morphospecies is often difficult because most regions of the SSU rRNA gene are too highly conserved to be helpful. In this paper, we move molecular systematics for this group of ciliates to the infrageneric level by sequencing additional molecular markers—fast-evolving internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions—in a broad sample of 66 individual samples of 28 morphospecies of Vorticella collected from Asia, North America and Europe. Our phylogenies all featured two strongly supported, highly divergent, paraphyletic clades (I, II) comprising the morphologically defined genus Vorticella . Three major lineages made up clade I, with a relatively well-resolved branching order in each one. The marked divergence of clade II from clade I confirms that the former should be recognized as a separate taxonomic unit as indicated by SSU rRNA phylogenies. We made the first attempt to elucidate relationships between species in clade II using both morphological and multi-gene approaches, and our data supported a close relationship between some morphospecies of Vorticella and Opisthonecta , indicating that relationships between species in the clade are far more complex than would be expected from their morphology. Different patterns of helix III of ITS2 secondary structure were clearly specific to clades and subclades of Vorticella and, therefore, may prove useful for resolving phylogenetic relationships in other groups of ciliates.

Two new species of Clavaria (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Central China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
JUN YAN ◽  
XIAO-YAN WANG ◽  
XIAO-HUI WANG ◽  
ZUO-HONG CHEN ◽  
PING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Central China ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Normal University

Species of Clavaria (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) collected from China were studied using morphological and molecular methods. Two species, C. griseolilacina and C. sinensis were described as new species; both possess branched and pale purple-tinged fruit bodies. However, the former possess a few branched, while the latter is profusely branched. The phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences confirmed the distinctions between these two new species and their close relationships with C. rubicundula and C. fumosa in the genus. An evolutionary tendency in genus Clavaria was discussed. Additionally, morphological features of the two new species were described in detail and were illustrated with line drawings and photographs. Holotypes of the new species are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Hunan Normal University (MHHNU). The ITS sequences generated in this study were deposited in GenBank. A key is provided for the known Clavaria species in China.

Accessory intraventricular prominence of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Vandewalle ◽  
Emile Beuls ◽  
Linda Vanormelingen ◽  
Marjan Vandersteen
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Medial Wall ◽  
Endoscopic Neurosurgery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Occipital Horn ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Knowledge of normal variations in ventricular morphological features is important in endoscopic neurosurgery. Classically, two elevations are described on the medial wall of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle: an upper bulb and a lower calcar avis. Nevertheless, a third, as yet unreported elevation may be present at the junction of the medial wall and the floor of the occipital horn. The authors report the frequency with which this third elevation was found in a series of cadaveric brains. Methods. The medial wall of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle was studied in the three orthogonal planes in 45 formalin-fixed cadaveric hemispheres. The underlying structures responsible for the observed intraventricular prominences were exposed by microdissection. A third elevation was present, lying ventrorostral to the calcar avis, in seven (47%) of the 15 single hemispheres, and bilaterally in six (40%) of the 15 whole brains. After microdissection, a fiber bundle from the splenium of the corpus callosum was seen emerging in the occipital horn at the angle between the tail of the hippocampus and the bulb of the occipital horn. The most rostral fibers fanned out inferolaterally along the floor of the collateral trigone. The larger, posterior part protruded into the medial wall along the ventral border of the calcar avis as far as the tip of the occipital horn. Conclusions. Besides its importance as a variation of normal ventricular morphological features, the close relationship of this accessory intraventricular prominence to the tail of the hippocampus should be kept in mind when intervening neurosurgically so that damage to the underlying commissural fibers can be avoided.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of the eastern Palearctic species of the genera Schizomyia Kieffer and Asteralobia Kovalev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini), with descriptions of five new species of Schizomyia from Japan

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 123-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Khamis Elsayed ◽  
Junichi Yukawa ◽  
Makoto Tokuda
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Palearctic Species

The genus Asteralobia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini, Schizomyiina) was erected by Kovalev (1964) based on the presence of constrictions on the cylindrical male flagellomeres. In the present study, we examine the morphological features of Asteralobia and Schizomyia and found that the male flagellomeres are constricted also in Schizomyiagaliorum, the type species of Schizomyia. Because no further characters clearly separating Asteralobia from Schizomyia were observed, we synonymize Asteralobia under Schizomyia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis strongly supports our taxonomic treatment. We describe five new species of Schizomyia from Japan, S.achyranthesae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., S.diplocyclosae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., S.castanopsisae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., S.usubai Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., and S.paederiae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., and redescribe three species, S.galiorum Kieffer, S.patriniae Shinji, and S.asteris Kovalev. A taxonomic key to the Japanese Schizomyia species is provided.

scholarly journals Leaf arrangements are invalid in the taxonomy of orchid species

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jakubska-Busse ◽  
Elżbieta Żołubak ◽  
Zbigniew Łobas ◽  
Edyta Magdalena Gola
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Leaf Arrangement ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The selection and validation of proper distinguishing characters are of crucial importance in taxonomic revisions. The modern classifications of orchids utilize the molecular tools, but still the selection and identification of the material used in these studies is for the most part related to general species morphology. One of the vegetative characters quoted in orchid manuals is leaf arrangement. However, phyllotactic diversity and ontogenetic changeability have not been analysed in detail in reference to particular taxonomic groups. Therefore, we evaluated the usefulness of leaf arrangements in the taxonomy of the genus Epipactis Zinn, 1757. Typical leaf arrangements in shoots of this genus are described as distichous or spiral. However, in the course of field research and screening of herbarium materials, we indisputably disproved the presence of distichous phyllotaxis in the species Epipactis purpurata Sm. and confirmed the spiral Fibonacci pattern as the dominant leaf arrangement. In addition, detailed analyses revealed the presence of atypical decussate phyllotaxis in this species, as well as demonstrated the ontogenetic formation of pseudowhorls. These findings confirm ontogenetic variability and plasticity in E. purpurata. Our results are discussed in the context of their significance in delimitations of complex taxa within the genus Epipactis.

Bioluminescent fungus Roridomyces viridiluminus sp. nov. and the first Chinese record of the genus Roridomyces, from Southwestern China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 487 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
LUCAS A.P. DAUNER ◽  
SAMANTHA C. KARUNARATHNA ◽  
SAOWALUCK TIBPROMMA ◽  
JIANCHU XU ◽  
PETER E. MORTIMER
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Its Gene

A bioluminescent macrofungus found growing on dead wood in the mountains of Southwest China, Yunnan Province, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, is analyzed and described. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions place the fungus within the genus Roridomyces and confirm it to be a previously undescribed taxon. Morphological features support phylogenetic conclusions and include a glutinous stipe, a light yellowish-brown to beige or white pileus, and luminescent mycelium. Comprehensive descriptions, macro- and microscopic photographs, and phylogenetic trees are provided, as well as a table containing morphology and distribution of all Roridomyces taxa to aid in species identification and comparison. This is the first member of the genus Roridomyces to be identified in China.

The genus Cryptonura Cassagnau, 1979 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Iran

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3530 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIAN SMOLIS ◽  
ASGHAR FALAHATI ◽  
DARIUSZ SKARŻYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Close Relationship

The first two non-European Cryptonura, C. persica sp. nov. and C. maxima sp. nov. from Iran are described and illustrated. Within the genus both new species are well defined, C. persica sp. nov. is easily distinguished by only two chaetae Di on Th.II–III and ogival labrum, C. maxima sp. nov. is recognizable due to numerous chaetae in group L on abdomen IV. Analysis of their morphological features indicate rather close relationship between them. New taxa are also similar to C. jubilaria Smolis, 2002 from Poland, nevertheless, they differ in many substantial characters e.g. colour of body, shape of dorsal tubercles, cheatotaxy of labrum and antennae. Differences between them and other species of the genus are presented in an updated key to Cryptonura and discussion.

Relationships between external morphology and foraging behaviour: bats in the genus Myotis

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Brock Fenton ◽  
Wieslaw Bogdanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective

A morphometric study of 41 species of Myotis revealed significant associations between morphological features and foraging styles, namely aerial feeding, gleaning, feeding over water, and trawling. Aerial feeders have small hind feet, short calcars, short ears, and narrow tragi. Gleaners have small hind feet, long ears, and wide tragi and tend to be larger in body size. Bats that feed over water have large hind feet, short calcars, short ears, and narrow tragi and tend to be smaller in body size. Trawlers have large hind feet and long calcars and tend to be larger in body size. The morphometric analysis also confirmed that some species of Myotis were intermediate in morphological features, coincid ing with alternation between foraging styles. The results support the view that the morphological features previously used to assign Myotis species to subgenera are more functional than phylogenetic, a position supported by recent genetic analyses. Examination of foraging styles from a phylogenetic perspective suggests that aerial feeding is ancestral and that subsequent diversification has been associated with partitioning and specialization into either gleaning or foraging over water and trawling. When the predictions from the multivariate analysis of the data for the genus Myotis are used with data from other bats, they suggest that 5 species of Nycteris are gleaners, while 11 species of Eptesicus are either aerial feeders or feed over water.

Antigenic and Genetic Analyses of Human Rotaviruses in Chiang Mai, Thailand: Evidence for a Close Relationship between Human and Animal Rotaviruses

1992 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Urasawa ◽  
A. Hasegawa ◽  
T. Urasawa ◽  
K. Taniguchi ◽  
F. Wakasugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Close Relationship
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