scholarly journals Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids Biosynthesis in the Model Legume Lotus japonicus; Connections to Nitrogen Metabolism and Photorespiration

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita García-Calderón ◽  
Carmen M. Pérez-Delgado ◽  
Peter Palove-Balang ◽  
Marco Betti ◽  
Antonio J. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Made In

Phenylpropanoid metabolism represents an important metabolic pathway from which originates a wide number of secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine or tyrosine, such as flavonoids and isoflavonoids, crucial molecules in plants implicated in a large number of biological processes. Therefore, various types of interconnection exist between different aspects of nitrogen metabolism and the biosynthesis of these compounds. For legumes, flavonoids and isoflavonoids are postulated to play pivotal roles in adaptation to their biological environments, both as defensive compounds (phytoalexins) and as chemical signals in symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress made in the characterization of flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathways in the model legume Lotus japonicus (Regel) Larsen under different abiotic stress situations, such as drought, the impairment of photorespiration and UV-B irradiation. Emphasis is placed on results obtained using photorespiratory mutants deficient in glutamine synthetase. The results provide different types of evidence showing that an enhancement of isoflavonoid compared to standard flavonol metabolism frequently occurs in Lotus under abiotic stress conditions. The advance produced in the analysis of isoflavonoid regulatory proteins by the use of co-expression networks, particularly MYB transcription factors, is also described. The results obtained in Lotus japonicus plants can be also extrapolated to other cultivated legume species, such as soybean, of extraordinary agronomic importance with a high impact in feeding, oil production and human health.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Root-Nodule Formation in the Model Legume Lotus japonicus: A Novel Class of Mutants Nodulates in the Absence of Rhizobia

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leïla Tirichine ◽  
Euan K. James ◽  
Niels Sandal ◽  
Jens Stougaard
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Spontaneous Nodules

Root-nodule development in legumes is an inducible developmental process initially triggered by perception of lipochitin-oligosaccharide signals secreted by the bacterial microsymbiont. In nature, rhizobial colonization and invasion of the legume root is therefore a prerequisite for formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Here, we report isolation and characterization of chemically induced spontaneously nodulating mutants in a model legume amenable to molecular genetics. Six mutant lines of Lotus japonicus were identified in a screen for spontaneous nodule development under axenic conditions, i.e., in the absence of rhizobia. Spontaneous nodules do not contain rhizobia, bacteroids, or infection threads. Phenotypically, they resemble ineffective white nodules formed by some bacterial mutants on wild-type plants or certain plant mutants inoculated with wild-type Mesorhizobium loti. Spontaneous nodules formed on mutant lines show the ontogeny and characteristic histological features described for rhizobia-induced nodules on wild-type plants. Physiological responses to nitrate and ethylene are also maintained, as elevated levels inhibit spontaneous nodulation. Activation of the nodule developmental program in spontaneous nodules was shown for the early nodulin genes Enod2 and Nin, which are both upregulated in spontaneous nodules as well as in rhizobial nodules. Both monogenic recessive and dominant spontaneous nodule formation (snf) mutations were isolated in this mutant screen, and map positions were determined for three loci. We suggest that future molecular characterization of these mutants will identify key plant determinants involved in regulating nodulation and provide new insight into plant organ development.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Heme Pocket Structure and Ligand Binding Kinetics of Non-symbiotic Hemoglobins from the Model Legume Lotus japonicus

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Calvo-Begueria ◽  
Bert Cuypers ◽  
Sabine Van Doorslaer ◽  
Stefania Abbruzzetti ◽  
Stefano Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Binding Kinetics ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Heme Pocket ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Conserved and Diversified Mechanism of Autophagy between Plants and Animals upon Various Stresses

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1736
Author(s):  
Naveed Ur Rehman ◽  
Peichun Zeng ◽  
Zulong Mo ◽  
Shaoying Guo ◽  
Yunfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Cellular Material ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cargo Proteins ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Evolutionary Fate

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism in eukaryotes, executing the breakdown of unwanted cell components and subsequent recycling of cellular material for stress relief through vacuole-dependence in plants and yeast while it is lysosome-dependent in animal manner. Upon stress, different types of autophagy are stimulated to operate certain biological processes by employing specific selective autophagy receptors (SARs), which hijack the cargo proteins or organelles to the autophagy machinery for subsequent destruction in the vacuole/lysosome. Despite recent advances in autophagy, the conserved and diversified mechanism of autophagy in response to various stresses between plants and animals still remain a mystery. In this review, we intend to summarize and discuss the characterization of the SARs and their corresponding processes, expectantly advancing the scope and perspective of the evolutionary fate of autophagy between plants and animals.

Electron microscopic characterization of diamond thin films and substrates for diamond heteroepitaxial growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
J.B. Posthill ◽  
R.P. Burns ◽  
R.A. Rudder ◽  
Y.H. Lee ◽  
R.J. Markunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Lattice Matching ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diamond Thin Films

Because of diamond’s wide band gap, high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage and high radiation resistance, there is a growing interest in developing diamond-based devices for several new and demanding electronic applications. In developing this technology, there are several new challenges to be overcome. Much of our effort has been directed at developing a diamond deposition process that will permit controlled, epitaxial growth. Also, because of cost and size considerations, it is mandatory that a non-native substrate be developed for heteroepitaxial nucleation and growth of diamond thin films. To this end, we are currently investigating the use of Ni single crystals on which different types of epitaxial metals are grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for lattice matching to diamond as well as surface chemistry modification. This contribution reports briefly on our microscopic observations that are integral to these endeavors.

Noise properties of thin-film Ni-P resistors embedded in printed circuit boards

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-735
Author(s):  
A.W. Stadler ◽  
Z. Zawiślak ◽  
W. Stęplewski ◽  
A. Dziedzic
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Noise Component ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Resistance Bridge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Signal Path ◽  
Resistance Fluctuations ◽  
Made In

Abstract. Noise studies of planar thin-film Ni-P resistors made in/on Printed Circuit Boards, both covered with two different types of cladding or uncladded have been described. The resistors have been made of the resistive-conductive-material (Ohmega-Ply©) of 100 Ώ/sq. Noise of the selected pairs of samples has been measured in the DC resistance bridge with a transformer as the first stage in a signal path. 1/f noise caused by resistance fluctuations has been found to be the main noise component. Parameters describing noise properties of the resistors have been calculated and then compared with the parameters of other previously studied thin- and thick-film resistive materials.

Characterization of Different Types of Biomass Wastes Using Thermogravimetric and ICP-MS Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594-4600
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG

Bioactivity of Marine Natural Product Xyloketals

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Panda ◽  
Amal Kumar Gooyee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Marine Natural Product ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Behavior Suppression ◽  
Major Emphasis ◽  
Made In

: Oceans can play a major role in supplying life-saving medicines in the world in future. Although considerable progress has been made in finding new medicines from marine sources, large efforts are still necessary to examine such molecules for clinical applications. Xyloketals are an important group of natural products with various powerful and prominent bioactivities such as inhibition of acetylcholine esterase, antioxidant activity, inhibition of L-calcium channels, radicalscavenging behavior, suppression of cell proliferation, reduction of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, etc. This review describes the isolation and structural characterization of all xyloketal natural products giving major emphasis on their bioactivity.

Characterization of Auditory Disability and Its Relation to the Resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Bibian Bibeca Bumbila García ◽  
Hernán Andrés Cedeño Cedeño ◽  
Tatiana Moreira Chica ◽  
Yaritza Rossana Parrales Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Hearing Disability ◽  
Technical University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

The objective of the work is to establish the characterization of the auditory disability and its relationship with resilience at the Technical University of Manabí. The article shows a conceptual analysis related to the inclusion and social integration of disabled students. Based on the fact that the person with disabilities grows and develops in the same way as that of people without disabilities and what usually happens is that disabled people are rejected and discriminated against based on a prefabricated and erroneous conceptualization of these people. The results associated with the application of the SV-RES test prepared by the researchers are shown (Saavedra & Villalta, 2008b). Characterization of the auditory deficit is made in the students, and the limitations that derive from it are pointed out. We analyze the particularities related to communication with students who have a hearing disability and resilience in this type of student, where some personal highlights that in this sense constitute an example of resilience. Finally, the results related to the study of the relationship between students' hearing disability and the level of resilience dimensions are shown.

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