scholarly journals Calcium Improves Germination and Growth of Sorghum bicolor Seedlings under Salt Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Takalani Mulaudzi ◽  
Kaylin Hendricks ◽  
Thembeka Mabiya ◽  
Mpho Muthevhuli ◽  
Rachel Fanelwa Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
High Salt Stress ◽  
Delayed Germination ◽  
Germination And Growth

Salinity is a major constraint limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Thus, understanding the mechanism underlying plant stress response is of importance to developing new approaches that will increase salt tolerance in crops. This study reports the effects of salt stress on Sorghum bicolor during germination and the role of calcium (Ca2+) to ameliorate some of the effects of salt. To this end, sorghum seeds were germinated in the presence and absence of different NaCl (200 and 300 mM) and Ca2+ (5, 15, or 35 mM) concentrations. Salt stress delayed germination, reduced growth, increased proline, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Salt also induced the expression of key antioxidant (ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) and the Salt Overlay Sensitive1 genes, whereas in the presence of Ca2+ their expression was reduced except for the vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger antiporter2 gene, which increased by 65-fold compared to the control. Ca2+ reversed the salt-induced delayed germination and promoted seedling growth, which was concomitant with reduced H2O2 and Na+/K+ ratio, indicating a protective effect. Ca2+ also effectively protected the sorghum epidermis and xylem layers from severe damage caused by salt stress. Taken together, our findings suggest that sorghum on its own responds to high salt stress through modulation of osmoprotectants and regulation of stress-responsive genes. Finally, 5 mM exogenously applied Ca2+ was most effective in enhancing salt stress tolerance by counteracting oxidative stress and improving Na+/K+ ratio, which in turn improved germination efficiency and root growth in seedlings stressed by high NaCl.

scholarly journals Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum) TIFY family and role of Triticum Durum TdTIFY11a in salt stress tolerance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0200566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Ebel ◽  
Asma BenFeki ◽  
Moez Hanin ◽  
Roberto Solano ◽  
Andrea Chini
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals Induction of Osmoregulation and Modulation of Salt Stress inAcacia gerrardiiBenth. by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi andBacillus subtilis(BERA 71)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
E. F. Abd_Allah ◽  
A. A. Alqarawi ◽  
A. A. Al-Huqail ◽  
M. A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Acacia Gerrardii

The role of soil microbiota in plant stress management, though speculated a lot, is still far from being completely understood. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine synergistic impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium,Bacillus subtilis(BERA 71), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Claroideoglomus etunicatum;Rhizophagus intraradices; andFunneliformis mosseae) to induce acquired systemic resistance in Talh tree (Acacia gerrardiiBenth.) against adverse impact of salt stress. Compared to the control, the BERA 71 treatment significantly enhanced root colonization intensity by AMF, in both presence and absence of salt. We also found positive synergistic interaction betweenB.subtilisand AMFvis-a-visimprovement in the nutritional value in terms of increase in total lipids, phenols, and fiber content. The AMF and BERA 71 inoculated plants showed increased content of osmoprotectants such as glycine, betaine, and proline, though lipid peroxidation was reduced probably as a mechanism of salt tolerance. Furthermore, the application of bioinoculants to Talh tree turned out to be potentially beneficial in ameliorating the deleterious impact of salinity on plant metabolism, probably by modulating the osmoregulatory system (glycine betaine, proline, and phenols) and antioxidant enzymes system (SOD, CAT, POD, GR, APX, DHAR, MDAHR, and GSNOR).

scholarly journals Role of HSP90 in Salt Stress Tolerance via Stabilization and Regulation of Calcineurin

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 9262-9270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Imai ◽  
Ichiro Yahara
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stressed Cells ◽  
Calcineurin Activity

ABSTRACT The role of HSP90 in stress tolerance was investigated inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells showing 20-fold overexpression of Hsc82, an HSP90 homologue in yeast, were hypersensitive to high-NaCl or H-LiCl stresses. Hsc82-overexpressing cells appeared similar to calcineurin-defective cells in salt sensitivity and showed reduced levels of calcineurin-dependent gene expression. Co-overexpression of Cna2, the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, suppressed the hypersensitivity. Cna2 and Hsc82 coimmunoprecipitated from control cells grown under normal conditions but not from stressed cells. In contrast, coimmunoprecipitation was detected with Hsc82-overexpressing cells even after exposure to stresses. Cna2 immune complexes from stressed control cells showed a significant level of calcineurin activity, whereas those from stressed Hsc82-overexpressing cells did not. Treatment of extracts from Hsc82-overexpressing cells with Ca2+-calmodulin increased the calcineurin activity associated with Cna2 immune complexes. Geldanamycin, an inhibitor of HSP90 abolished the coimmunoprecipitation but did not activate calcineurin. When the expression level of Hsc82 decreased to below 30% of the normal level, cells also became hypersensitive to salt stress. In these cells, the amount of Cna2 was reduced, likely as a result of degradation. The present results showed that Hsc82 binds to and stabilizes Cna2 and that dissociation of Cna2 from Hsc82 is necessary for its activation.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants: Role of Cation/H+ Antiporters

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qurban Ali ◽  
Muzammal Mateen Azhar ◽  
Arif Malik ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals PLANTS RESPONSES AND THE ROLE OF PHYTOHORMONES AGAINST SALINITY STRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Mohinani ◽  
Taruna Mohinani ◽  
Bharat Bhooshan ◽  
Devesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Understanding

Exposure of plants to diversity of abiotic stresses such as salinity stress retard growth and development of plants which results in huge yield loss worldwide. Plants respond to salinity in unique and complex way that involves many biochemical and physiological changes in plant system. Plant hormones are known to play indispensable roles to elicit an adaptive response in plants under salinity stress. A basic understanding of biological knowledge about the damage that salt stress has on plants and the salt stress tolerance mechanisms is necessary to discover future implications to overcome the effect of salt stress on plants. The main aim of present article is to enhance our knowledge of how salt stress may impact the physiological features of plants and to narrate the potential roles of various phytohormones against the salinity stress at both physiological and molecular grounds.

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