scholarly journals Eco-Physiological Screening of Different Tomato Genotypes in Response to High Temperatures: A Combined Field-to-Laboratory Approach

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Arena ◽  
Stefano Conti ◽  
Silvana Francesca ◽  
Giuseppe Melchionna ◽  
Josef Hájek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

High temperatures represent a limitation for growth and development of many crop species. Several studies have demonstrated that the yield reduction of tomato under high temperatures and drought is mainly due to a photosynthetic decline. In this paper, a set of 15 tomato genotypes were screened for tolerance to elevated temperatures by cultivating plants under plastic walk-in tunnels. To assess the potential tolerance of tomato genotypes to high temperatures, measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments content and leaf functional traits have been carried out together with the evaluation of the final yields. Based on the greenhouse trials, a group of eight putative heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant tomato genotypes was selected for laboratory experiments aimed at investigating the effects of short-term high temperatures treatments in controlled conditions. The chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics were recorded on detached leaves treated for 60 min at 35 °C or at 45 °C. The last treatment significantly affected the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (namely maximum PSII quantum efficiency, Fv/Fm, and quantum yield of PSII electron transport, ΦPSII) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the majority of genotypes. The short-term heat shock treatments also led to significant differences in the shape of the slow Kautsky kinetics and its significant time points (chlorophyll fluorescence levels minimum O, peak P, semi-steady state S, maximum M, terminal steady state T) compared to the control, demonstrating heat shock-induced changes in PSII functionality. Genotypes potentially tolerant to high temperatures have been identified. Our findings support the idea that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (i.e., ΦPSII or NPQ) and some leaf functional traits may be used as a tool to detect high temperatures-tolerant tomato cultivars.

scholarly journals The effect of UV-B radiation on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the husked and the naked oat

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Skórska
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Traditional Variety

Naked oat variety of STH296 showed higher tolerance than traditional variety Bajka on short-term UV-B radiation (UV-B<sub>BE</sub>=1 1 kJ·m<sup>-2</sup>) on the stage of primary photosynthesis reaction recorded using chlorophyll fluorescence induction of the leaves.

scholarly journals Short-Term Nitrogen Addition Does Not Significantly Alter the Effects of Seasonal Drought on Leaf Functional Traits in Machilus pauhoi Kanehira Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yu ◽  
Dongliang Cheng ◽  
Baoyin Li ◽  
Chaobin Xu ◽  
Zhongrui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits ◽  
Seasonal Drought

Research Highlights: Short-term nitrogen (N) addition did not significantly alter the effects of seasonal drought on the leaf functional traits in Machilus pauhoi Kanehira seedlings in N-rich subtropical China. Background and Objectives: Seasonal drought and N deposition are major drivers of global environmental change that affect plant growth and ecosystem function in subtropical China. However, no consensus has been reached on the interactive effects of these two drivers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a full-factorial experiment to analyze the single and combined effects of seasonal drought and short-term N addition on chemical, morphological and physiological traits of M. pauhoi seedlings. Results: Seasonal drought (40% of soil field capacity) had significant negative effects on the leaf N concentrations (LNC), phosphorus (P) concentrations (LPC), leaf thickness (LT), net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), and predawn leaf water potential (ψPD), and significant positive effects on the carbon:N (C:N) ratio and specific leaf area (SLA). Short-term N addition (50 kg N·hm−2·year−1 and 100 kg N·hm−2·year−1) tended to decrease the C:N ratio and enhance leaf nutrient, growth, and photosynthetic performance because of increased LNC, LPC, LT, leaf area (LA), SLA, A, E, and ψPD; however, it only had significant effects on LT and Gs. No significant interactive effects on leaf traits were detected. Seasonal drought, short-term N addition, and their interactions had significant effects on soil properties. The soil total C (STC), nitrate N (NO3−-N) and soil total N (STN) concentrations were the main factors that affected the leaf traits. Conclusions: Seasonal drought had a stronger effect on M. pauhoi seedling leaf traits than short-term N deposition, indicating that the interaction between seasonal drought and short-term N deposition may have an additive effecton M. pauhoi seedling growth in N-rich subtropical China.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986) on photosynthesis of common horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
K. K. Holoborodko ◽  
A. A. Alekseeva ◽  
O. V. Seliutina ◽  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of studies on Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986 feeding on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753. The studies were carried out in June 2019 (during the life of C. ohridella first generation) on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. Photosynthesis is one of the processes most susceptible to stress factors; important information on state of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under influence of various abiotic and biotic factors can be obtained by fluorescence analysis. Chlorophyll fluorescence is an indicator that allow to investigate a behavior of photochemical reactions related to system II (PSII) in living objects as an indicator the most sensitive to effect of environmental factors. One of the effective methods for plant state monitoring is a technique on chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) measurement, which at the present stage can be introduced due to the use of biosensors. The objective of our study was to establish characteristics of C. ohridella vital activity on the photosynthesis process in A. hippocastanum trees using CFI evaluation technique. To diagnose photosynthesis violation of native chlorophyll in a living leaf of A. hippocastanum, we used a portable fluorometer “Floratest” (spectral range for measuring fluorescence intensity 670 to 770 nm) developed by V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The studies were conducted using alive A. hippocastanum leaves not damaged by C. ohridella and, accordingly, the damaged ones. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the worm feeding affects all CFI parameters (initial CFI value (non-damaged leaf: 582 relative units, damaged: 264); “plateau” CFI value (1460 to 722); maximum CFI (1890 to 940) and stationary CFI value after light adaptation of the leaf (1530 to 746)). Our studies have shown that CFI technique using “Floratest” apparatus allow express determining the general condition of the plant by assessing the main process of vital activity, namely photosynthesis. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is a powerful and effective tool for determining the phytophage effect on the plant.

Changes in the Rapid Phase of Chlorophyll Fluorescence During Tomato Ripening

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (42) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Yuriy Sudnik ◽  
◽  
Mahmud Abdelhamid ◽  
Valeriya Strokina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fast Phase ◽  
Key Indicators

Sorting tomatoes by controlling their maturation is an important direction that characterizes the quality and marketability of tomatoes. Therefore, reliable control of the maturation of tomatoes is an actual and practically significant task. Currently, there are known methods of such control (RGB), based on determining the color of tomatoes. These methods have disadvantages, for example, insufficient reliability of monitoring the maturation of tomatoes of various (especially not contrasting in color) varieties, complexity and expensive equipment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in proposing a new method of rapid sorting of tomatoes based on the control of the minimum (initial) level (Fo) of their rapid phase of chlorophyll fluorescence induction. The time of a single Fo measurement is from 0.01 to 0.07 seconds. (Materials and methods) The article presents mathematical models and conducted experimental studies for the fast phase of chlorophyll fluorescence induction, which confirmed the functional relationship between the maturation of tomatoes and their minimum (initial) level (Fo) of the fast phase of chlorophyll fluorescence induction. Authors used widely distributed botanical varieties of tomatoes "Alcazar", "Lezginka", "Rozanchik" with five stages of maturation (green, brown, pink, light red and red), for each of which we determined the key indicators of chlorophyll fluorescence induction: maximum (Fm), minimum (Fo), variable (Fv) values, the ratio of indicators (Fv/Fm). (Results and discussion) Chlorophyll fluorescence can be used to assess the maturation of tomatoes. As tomatoes ripen, the values of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as Fo, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm, decrease. The article presents models that allowed us to estimate the stage of maturation of tomatoes for all three varieties. (Conclusions) The model that used both parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence was the best for three varieties of tomatoes.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of Prosopis juliflora exposed to copper

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Yared Michel-Lopez ◽  
Francisco Espadas-Gil ◽  
Gabriela Fuentes-Ortiz ◽  
Jorge M. Santamaria ◽  
Daniel González-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

The effect of copper toxicity on the photosynthetic activities and bioaccumulation in different tissues of <em>Prosopis juliflora</em> was investigated using three CuSO<sub>4</sub> concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mM) added under hydroponic conditions. Copper concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 48 h of copper stress. The results obtained in this study show that increasing levels of 50 and 100 mM Cu<sup>2+ </sup>resulted in a significant accumulation of this metal mainly in roots compared with control roots. On the other hand, our result showed a significant reduction of maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F<em>v</em>/F<em>m</em>) and the activity of photosystem II (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>0</sub>) ratios in <em>P.</em><em> </em>juliflora leaf treated with<em> </em>100 mM Cu<sup>2+</sup> with respect to control after 4h of exposure. These changes suggested that the photosynthetic apparatus of P. juliflora was the primary target of the Cu<sup>2+ </sup>action. Therefore the information provided by this short-term (48 h) experiment in <em>P. juliflora</em> showed that several physiological processes are activated, in which the copper uptake by roots and their accumulation in tissues play a central role. In conclusion, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used as a useful physiological tool to assess early changes in photosynthetic performance of <em>P.</em> juliflora in response to copper pollution in short-term. Finally, the present study showed that <em>P. juliflora </em>is a promising prospect for heavy metals phytoremediation purposes occurring in arid and semi-arid climates in the northwest Mexico.

Effect of temperature and increased concentration of CO2 on growth and photosynthetic activity of polar alga Trebouxia sp.

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Sehnal ◽  
Peter Váczi ◽  
Miloš Barták
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Chl A

Trebouxia sp., a lichen symbiotic alga, was isolated from lichen Usnea antarctica collected at James Ross Island, Antarctica. After isolation, the alga was cultivated on Bold‘s Basal Medium (BBM-agar) with addition of nitrogen for 12 days. Growth of alga and its photosynthetic properties were studied in relation to increased concentration of CO2 (850±50 ppm) and two cultivation temperature (8 and 12°C). Physiological status of algae was evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Simultaneously, content of pigments and changes in biomass were evaluated during cultivation period. Evaluation of physiological state of Trebouxia sp. was carried out after the end of experiment. Results of chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameters and content of pigments showed that the highest efficiency of primary processes of photosynthesis was found at the treatment with elevated concentration of CO2 and temperature 12°C. In this treatment, potential quantum yield of photochemical processes in photosystem II (FV/FM) was 0.44 and content of Chl a was 5.14 µg ml-1. In contrast, the lowest efficiency of primary processes was found at the treatment with addition of CO2 and temperature 8°C, where value of FV/FM reached 0.37 and content of Chl a was 3.71 µg ml-1.

scholarly journals Pre-Symptomatic Detection of Viral Infection in Tobacco Leaves Using PAM Fluorometry

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2782
Author(s):  
Alyona Grishina ◽  
Oksana Sherstneva ◽  
Marina Grinberg ◽  
Tatiana Zdobnova ◽  
Maria Ageyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Infected Area

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging was used to study potato virus X (PVX) infection of Nicotiana benthamiana. Infection-induced changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ)) in the non-inoculated leaf were recorded and compared with the spatial distribution of the virus detected by the fluorescence of GFP associated with the virus. We determined infection-related changes at different points of the light-induced chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and at different days after inoculation. A slight change in the light-adapted steady-state values of ΦPSII and NPQ was observed in the infected area of the non-inoculated leaf. In contrast to the steady-state parameters, the dynamics of ΦPSII and NPQ caused by the dark–light transition in healthy and infected areas differed significantly starting from the second day after the detection of the virus in a non-inoculated leaf. The coefficients of correlation between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and virus localization were 0.67 for ΦPSII and 0.76 for NPQ. In general, the results demonstrate the possibility of reliable pre-symptomatic detection of the spread of a viral infection using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging.

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