scholarly journals Endomembrane Reorganization Induced by Heavy Metals

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica De Caroli ◽  
Antonella Furini ◽  
Giovanni DalCorso ◽  
Makarena Rojas ◽  
Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Metals Tolerance ◽  
Essential Heavy Metal ◽  
Do So

Plant cells maintain plasmatic concentrations of essential heavy metal ions, such as iron, zinc, and copper, within the optimal functional range. To do so, several molecular mechanisms have to be committed to maintain concentrations of non-essential heavy metals and metalloids, such as cadmium, mercury and arsenic below their toxicity threshold levels. Compartmentalization is central to heavy metals homeostasis and secretory compartments, finely interconnected by traffic mechanisms, are determinant. Endomembrane reorganization can have unexpected effects on heavy metals tolerance altering in a complex way membrane permeability, storage, and detoxification ability beyond gene’s expression regulation. The full understanding of endomembrane role is propaedeutic to the comprehension of translocation and hyper-accumulation mechanisms and their applicative employment. It is evident that further studies on dynamic localization of these and many more proteins may significantly contribute to the understanding of heavy metals tolerance mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about the endomembrane alterations involved in heavy metals compartmentalization and tolerance in plants.

Mechanism of Heavy Metal ATPase (HMA2, HMA3 and HMA4) Genes

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-117
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
Metal Transporter ◽  
Metals Tolerance ◽  
Environmentally Sound

Heavy metals are the most important pollutants that are non-biodegradable and increasingly accumulate in the environment. Phytoremediation can be defined as the use of plants for the extraction, immobilization, containment, or degradation of contaminants. It provides an ecologically, environmentally sound and safe method for restoration and remediation of contaminated land. Plant species vary in their capacity of hyper-accumulation of heavy metals. The chapter reviews the current findings on the molecular mechanism involved in heavy metals tolerance, which is a valuable tool for phytoremediation. The heavy metal tolerance genes help in the hyper-accumulation trait of a plant. Heavy metal transporter ATPases (HMAs) genes help in the refluxing of heavy metal ions from the cytosol, either into the apoplast, the vacuole, or other organelles, which help in the hyperaccumulation of metal. Understanding the signaling mechanism of transporter genes will be an important tool to understand the genetics of hyperaccumulation.

Molecular mechanisms of resistance to heavy metals in the protistEuglena gracilis

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1365-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
José S. RodrÍguez-Zavala ◽  
Jorge D. GarcÍa-GarcÍa ◽  
Marco A. Ortiz-Cruz ◽  
Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance

scholarly journals Extracellular heavy-metal ions stimulate Ca2+ mobilization in hepatocytes

1999 ◽  
Vol 339 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy J. MCNULTY ◽  
Colin W. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Fura 2 ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Specific Cell Surface ◽  
Do So

Populations of hepatocytes in primary culture were loaded with fura 2 and the effects of extracellular heavy-metal ions were examined under conditions that allowed changes in fura 2 fluorescence (R340/360, the ratio of fluorescence recorded at 340 and 360 nm) to be directly attributed to changes in cytosolic free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i). In Ca2+-free media, Ni2+ [EC50 (concentration causing 50% stimulation) ≈ 24±9 μM] caused reversible increases in [Ca2+]i that resulted from mobilization of the same intracellular Ca2+ stores as were released by [Arg8]vasopressin. The effects of Ni2+ were not mimicked by increasing the extracellular [Mg2+], by addition of MnCl2, CoCl2 or CdCl2 or by decreasing the extracellular pH from 7.3 to 6.0; nor were they observed in cultures of smooth muscle, endothelial cells or pituitary cells. CuCl2 (80 μM), ZnCl2 (80 μM) and LaCl3 (5 mM) mimicked the ability of Ni2+ to evoke Ca2+ mobilization. The response to La3+ was sustained even in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, probably because La3+ also inhibited Ca2+ extrusion. Although Ni2+ entered hepatocytes, from the extent to which it quenched fura 2 fluorescence the free cytosolic [Ni2+] ([Ni2+]i) was estimated to be < 5 nM at the peak of the maximal Ni2+-evoked Ca2+ signals and there was no correlation between [Ni2+]i and the amplitude of the evoked increases in [Ca2+]i. We conclude that extracellular Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and La3+, but not all heavy-metal ions, evoke an increase in [Ca2+]i in hepatocytes by stimulating release of the hormone-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores and that they may do so by interacting with a specific cell-surface ion receptor. This putative ion receptor may be important in allowing hepatocytes to contribute to regulation of plasma heavy-metal ions and may mediate responses to Zn2+ released into the portal circulation with insulin.

Elicitor Recognition and Signal Transduction in Plant Defense Gene Activation

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierk Scheel ◽  
Jane E. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes

Abstract Plants defend themselves against pathogen attack by activating a whole set of defense responses, most of them relying on transcriptional activation of plant defense genes. The same responses are induced by treatment of plant cells with elicitors released from the pathogen or from the plant surface. Several plant/elicitor combinations have been used successfully as experimental systems to investigate the molecular basis of plant defense responses. Receptor-like structures on the plasma membrane of plant cells appear to bind the elicitors. Thereby, intracellular signal transduction chains are initiated which finally result in the activation of plant defense genes. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of early processes in plant defense responses, as provided by these studies, may in the long term help to develop environmentally safe plant protection methods for agriculture.

Evolution of Compositions and Contents of Capsule and Slime EPSs for Adaptation to and Action on Energy Substrates and Heavy Metals by Typical Bioleaching Microorganisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yuan Nie ◽  
Hong Chang Liu ◽  
Jin Lan Xia ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yun Lu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Acidianus Manzaensis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Extracellular Polymer ◽  
Mineral Interaction

Adaption to the energy substrates and heavy metals by bioleaching micoorganisms is the prerequisite for efficient microbe-mineral interaction in bioleaching process. It is known extracellular polymer substances (EPSs) take important role in mediating the adaption to and action on energy substrates and heavy metals. This report presents the evolution of compositions and contents of the major components of EPSs of the typical bioleaching microorganisms (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, and Acidianus manzaensis,) exposed to different energy substrates and heavy metal ions. These strains were acclimated firstly to Fe2+ substrate, and then on the substrates elemental sulfur (S0), pyrite and chalcopyrite, respectively. It was found that the major components of capsule and slime EPSs in terms of proteins, polysaccharides, as well as uronic acids were quite different in contents for the Fe2+-acclimated strains, and they even changed more when the Fe2+-acclimated strains were further acclimated to the other substrates. When exposed to heavy metals, all strains demonstrated much decrease in contents of capsule EPSs, and much increase in slime EPSs contents and the heavy metals were found to bound to the slime parts. It was for the first time the EPSs of the bioleaching strains were fractionated into capsule part and slime part, and it was also for the first time we found the differences in evolution of compositions and contents of the major organic components as well as the inorganic matter of capsule EPSs and slime EPSs when the bioleaching strains were exposed to different energy substrates and heavy metals.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Concentration of Some Heavy Metals in Groundwater in Rutba City

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
A W Abd Byty ◽  
M A Gharbi ◽  
A H Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Guideline Values

Abstract Toxic metal pollutants in groundwater should be identified to prevent future health risks. In this paper, the presence of heavy metals in groundwater in the western region of Iraq was investigated. The heavy metals concentrations, including Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, Cd2+, As3+ and Hg2+ were explored in twenty selected aquifers near Rutba City and the results were presented as spatial distribution maps. Findings indicate that contamination with the investigated heavy metal ions possesses a serious threat to the study area’s groundwater quality when compared to WHO and IEPA guideline values. Thus, a new approach to remove or adsorb heavy metal ions can be developed for large-scale production and the safe use of these aquifers water. Results revealed that the highest concentrations in mg/L1 of 2.312 in w19, 1.098 in w2, 5.78 in w17, 0.292 in w9, 3.349 in w5, 0.32 in w13, 0.074 in w11 and 5.622 in w1 for Zn2+, Cr3+, As3+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ were recorded, respectively.

scholarly journals The Influence of Heavy Metal Ions on the Viability and Metabolic Enzyme Activity of the Marbled Crayfish Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Marenkov ◽  
Mykola V. Prychepa ◽  
Julia Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Marbled Crayfish

In the experiment with marbled crayfishProcambarusvirginalis(Lyko, 2017), chronic effects of various concentrations of heavy metal ions on the physiological state and enzyme activity were investigated. The obtained results showed that among the investigated heavy metals nickel ions influenced the weight indexes and mortality of crustaceans the most negatively. According to the results of the research, significant changes were noted in the individual biochemical parameters of marbled crayfish under the influence of manganese, lead and nickel ions. The most significant changes in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase were detected in muscle tissues affected by manganese and nickel ions. A significant decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in muscle of marbled crayfish was determined after the action of heavy metal ions. Investigation of changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase under the influence of the ions of manganese, lead and nickel has its own characteristics, which indicates certain violations in the tissues of cell membranes. Changes in the activity of enzymes were also reflected in the overall protein content. Changes in these parameters may indicate a rapid biochemical response of crustaceans to the toxic effects of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Some Heavy Metals Correlated Negatively with Total Antioxidant Capacity, Glutathione Peroxidase, Fructose, and Testosterone in Seminal Plasma of Oligospermic and Azoospermic Males

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Edidiong Peter Umoinyang ◽  
Ibioku Elekima ◽  
Donatus Onwuli
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Laboratory Science ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Essential Heavy Metal

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between some heavy metals and total antioxidant capacities, glutathione levels, fructose, and testosterone in seminal plasma of infertile azoospermic and oligospermic males in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. Study Design:  A cross-sectional design with a total of 124 males included in the study of which 32 were azoospermic, 38, oligospermic, and 54, normospermic. Place and Duration of Study: Semen samples were collected from the urology or fertility clinic of UUTH, St. Luke’s Hospital, Anua, and Ibom specialist hospital of Akwa Ibom State. However, laboratory assays were performed at the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt between May, 2018 and January, 2021. Methodology: Semen specimens were collected after 3-5 days abstinence according to WHO criteria while seminal plasma were obtained from semen by spinning at 4500 rpm for 10 minutes and stored at -700C prior to laboratory analysis. Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) was used to determine the levels of heavy metals while ELISA methods were used to determine testosterone and GSH concentrations. TAC and fructose assays were carried out using spectrophotometric methods. Results: Results showed that non-essential heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and arsenic correlated negatively with testosterone, fructose, and antioxidant activities of the seminal plasma in azoospermic subjects. In addition, lead and mercury correlated positively in the azoospermic subjects. Meanwhile, selenium, an essential heavy metal, correlated positively with testosterone and antioxidant activities in oligospermic subjects with 11-19 x106cells/ml. Conclusion: The levels of non-essential heavy metals in azoospermic subjects precipitated poor anti-oxidant and testosterone activities inducing oxidative stress while in oligospermic subjects, selenium and antioxidant parameters and testosterone were in good association indicating improved antioxidant activities and testicular function.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF PLANT TOLERANCE TO HEAVY METALS

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAN Wan_Neng ◽  
◽  
LI Zhi_An ◽  
ZOU Bi ◽  
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Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Tolerance
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