scholarly journals Expression of Genes Involved in Heavy Metal Trafficking in Plants Exposed to Salinity Stress and Elevated Cd Concentrations

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Nosek ◽  
Adriana Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Roman J. Jędrzejczyk ◽  
Paulina Supel ◽  
Paweł Kaszycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Metal Trafficking

Many areas intended for crop production suffer from the concomitant occurrence of heavy metal pollution and elevated salinity; therefore, halophytes seem to represent a promising perspective for the bioremediation of contaminated soils. In this study, the influence of Cd treatment (0.01–10.0 mM) and salinity stress (0.4 M NaCl) on the expression of genes involved in heavy metal uptake (irt2–iron-regulated protein 2, zip4–zinc-induced protein 4), vacuolar sequestration (abcc2–ATP-binding cassette 2, cax4–cation exchanger 2 pcs1–phytochelatin synthase 1) and translocation into aerial organs (hma4–heavy metal ATPase 4) were analyzed in a soil-grown semi-halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. The upregulation of irt2 expression induced by salinity was additionally enhanced by Cd treatment. Such changes were not observed for zip4. Stressor-induced alterations in abcc2, cax4, hma4 and pcs1 expression were most pronounced in the root tissue, and the expression of cax4, hma4 and pcs1 was upregulated in response to salinity and Cd. However, the cumulative effect of both stressors, similar to the one described for irt2, was observed only in the case of pcs1. The importance of salt stress in the irt2 expression regulation mechanism is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the combined effect of salinity and heavy metal stress on genes involved in heavy metal trafficking.

Alleviation of heavy metal stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Glycine max (L.) grown in copper, lead and zinc contaminated soils

Rhizosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 100325
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Olatunbosun Adeyemi ◽  
Mufutau Olaoye Atayese ◽  
Olalekan Suleiman Sakariyawo ◽  
Jamiu Oladipupo Azeez ◽  
Soremi Paul Abayomi Sobowale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Copper Lead

scholarly journals Microbiological Indices for Diagnosis of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukirtee Chejara ◽  
Paras Kamboj ◽  
Y. V. Singh ◽  
Vikas Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Microbial Indices

Heavy metal contamination has gained popularity worldwide due to their persistent nature in the environment, on the top of that non-biodegradable nature makes its accumulation easy to toxic levels. Understanding the nature of contamination has become a major concern before heavy metals deteriorate the quality of soil; to diagnose heavy metal pollution suitable indices are required. Microbial indices gaining importance because of their sensitive nature towards change in surrounding, which is the imperative quality required to select microbes as environmental indicators. Albeit enough literature is present related to this topic but the information is scattered so role of this chapter is imperative. The chapter will be helpful for the reader to provide a thorough understanding of merits and demerits of microbiological indices for heavy metal contaminated and restituted soils. The changes in microbiological indices and their mechanism of response towards heavy metal stress are effectively summarized. Research gap and future needs of microbial diagnosis of heavy metal contaminated soils are discussed.

Spectrometric analyses in comparison to the physiological condition of heavy metal stressed floodplain vegetation in a standardised experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Götze ◽  
András Jung ◽  
Ines Merbach ◽  
Rainer Wennrich ◽  
Cornelia Gläßer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Floodplain Vegetation

AbstractFloodplain ecosystems are affected by flood dynamics, nutrient supply as well as anthropogenic activities. Heavy metal pollution poses a serious environmental challenge. Pollution transfer from the soil to vegetation is still present at the central location of Elbe River, Germany. The goal of this study was to assess and separate the current heavy metal contamination of the floodplain ecosystem, using spectrometric field and laboratory measurements. A standardized pot experiment with floodplain vegetation in differently contaminated soils provided the basis for the measurements. The dominant plant types of the floodplains are: Urtica dioica, Phalaris arundinacea and Alopecurus pratensis, these were also chemically analysed. Various vegetation indices and methods were used to estimate the red edge position, to normalise the spectral curve of the vegetation and to investigate the potential of different methods for separating plant stress in floodplain vegetation. The main task was to compare spectral bands during phenological phases to find a method to detect heavy metal stress in plants. A multi-level algorithm for the curve parameterisation was developed. Chemo-analytical and ecophysiological parameters of plants were considered in the results and correlated with spectral data. The results of this study show the influence of heavy metals on the spectral characteristics of the focal plants. The developed method (depth CR1730) showed significant relationship between the plants and the contamination.

scholarly journals Role of nitric oxide in improving seed germination and alleviation of copper-induced photosynthetic inhibition in Indian mustard

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal A. Rather ◽  
Iqbal R. Mir ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
Naser A. Anjum ◽  
Nafees A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Mustard Plant

AbstractHeavy metal stress limits crop production through its effects on seed germination and photosynthesis. Nitric oxide (NO), a versatile signaling molecule, plays a significant role in heavy metal stress tolerance. In the present investigation, the efficacy of NO application in the alleviation of copper (Cu) induced adverse impact on seed germination and photosynthesis of mustard plant (Brassica juncea L.) was evaluated. Pretreatment with NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly improved seed germination and alleviated Cu-accrued oxidative stress in B. juncea seeds. However, in the absence of NO, Cu showed a higher reduction in seed germination rate. Further, NO modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and sustained the lower level of lipid peroxidation by reducing H2O2, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), thereby elevated the antioxidative capacity in Cu-exposed seeds. Seeds pretreated with NO also retained higher amylase activities for the proper seed germination when compared with control. NO mitigated Cu toxicity through an improved antioxidant system, and reducing Cu-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduction in lipid peroxidation improving photosynthetic efficiency and growth of the mustard plant. It may concluded that NO improved amylase activity, modulated activity of antioxidant enzymes, and enhanced the germination rate seeds under Cu stress, thereby improved photosynthesis and growth.

scholarly journals PGPR-Mediated Plant Growth Attributes and Metal Extraction Ability of Sesbania sesban L. in Industrially Contaminated Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1820
Author(s):  
Nida Zainab ◽  
Amna ◽  
Amir Abdullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Atif Azeem ◽  
Baber Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Sesbania Sesban

The release of harmful wastes via different industrial activities is the main cause of heavy metal toxicity. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of heavy metal stress on the plant growth traits, antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll content and proline content of Sesbania sesban with/without the inoculation of heavy-metal-tolerant Bacillus gibsonii and B. xiamenensis. Both PGP strains showed prominent ACC-deaminase, indole acetic acid, exopolysaccharides production and tolerance at different heavy metal concentrations (50–1000 mg/L). Further, in a pot experiment, S. sesban seeds were grown in contaminated and noncontaminated soils. After harvesting, plants were used for the further analysis of growth parameters. The experiment comprised of six different treatments. The effects of heavy metal stress and bacterial inoculation on the plant root length; shoot length; fresh and dry weight; photosynthetic pigments; proline content; antioxidant activity; and absorption of metals were observed at the end of the experiment. The results revealed that industrially contaminated soils distinctly reduced the growth of plants. However, both PGPR strains enhanced the root length up to 105% and 80%. The shoot length was increased by 133% and 75%, and the fresh weight was increased by 121% and 129%. The proline content and antioxidant enzymes posed dual effects on the plants growing in industrially contaminated soil, allowing them to cope with the metal stress, which enhanced the plant growth. The proline content was increased up to 190% and 179% by the inoculation of bacterial strains. Antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, increased to about 216% and 245%, while POD increased up to 48% and 49%, respectively. The results clearly show that the utilized PGPR strains might be strong candidates to assist S. sesban growth under heavy metal stress conditions. We highly suggest these PGPR strains for further implementation in field experiments.

scholarly journals The elemental defense effect of cadmium on Alternaria brassicicola in Brassica juncea

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Zhenzhen Sun ◽  
Chaozhen Zeng ◽  
Xujie Dong ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Elemental Defense

Abstract Background The elemental defense hypothesis states a new defensive strategy that hyperaccumulators defense against herbivores or pathogens attacks by accumulating heavy metals. Brassica juncea has an excellent ability of cadmium (Cd) accumulation. However, the elemental defense effect and its regulation mechanism in B. juncea remain unclear. Results In this study, we profiled the elemental defense effect and the molecular regulatory mechanism in Cd-accumulated B. juncea after Alternaria brassicicola infection. B. juncea treated with 180 mg Kg− 1 DW CdCl2 2.5H2O exhibited obvious elemental defense effect after 72 h of infection with A. brassicicola. The expression of some defense-related genes including BjNPR1, BjPR12, BjPR2, and stress-related miRNAs (miR156, miR397, miR398a, miR398b/c, miR408, miR395a, miR395b, miR396a, and miR396b) were remarkably elevated during elemental defense in B. juncea. Conclusions The results indicate that Cd-accumulated B. juncea may defend against pathogens by coordinating salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and elemental defense in a synergistic joint effect. Furthermore, the expression of miRNAs related to heavy metal stress response and disease resistance may regulate the balance between pathogen defense and heavy metal stress-responsive in B. juncea. The findings provide experimental evidence for the elemental defense hypothesis in plants from the perspectives of phytohormones, defense-related genes, and miRNAs.

A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Annam ◽  
Anshu Singla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils from a Korean Military Shooting Range: Evaluation of Pb Sources Using Pb Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Moon ◽  
Honghyun Kim ◽  
Sangjo Jeong ◽  
Hyungjin Choi ◽  
Jungtae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Phases

In this study, the geochemical properties of heavy metal-contaminated soils from a Korean military shooting range were analyzed. The chemical behavior of heavy metals was determined by analyzing the soil pH, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and Pb isotopes. In total, 24 soil samples were collected from a Korean military shooting range. The soil samples consist of quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite/illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and calcite. Lead minerals, such as hydrocerussite and anglesite, which are indicative of a transformation into secondary mineral phases, were not observed. All soils were strongly contaminated with Pb with minor concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Arsenic was rarely detected. The obtained results are indicated that the soils from the shooting range are contaminated with heavy metals and have evidences of different degree of anthropogenic Pb sources. This study is crucial for the evaluation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in shooting ranges and their environmental effect as well as for the establishment of management strategies for the mitigation of environmental risks.

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