scholarly journals Herbicide Resistance in Plants

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Hugh J Beckie
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Weed Resistance

Herbicide resistance in weeds is perhaps the most prominent research area within the discipline of weed science today. Incidence, management challenges, and the cost of multiple-resistant weed populations are continually increasing worldwide. Crop cultivars with multiple herbicide-resistance traits are being rapidly adopted by growers and land managers to keep ahead of the weed resistance tsunami. This Special Issue of Plants comprises papers that describe the current status and future outlook of herbicide resistance research and development in weedy and domestic plants, with topics covering the full spectrum from resistance mechanisms to resistance management. The unifying framework for this Special issue, is the challenge initially posed to all of the contributors: what are the (potential) implications for herbicide resistance management?

scholarly journals Mechanisms of evolved herbicide resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (30) ◽  
pp. 10307-10330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Gaines ◽  
Stephen O. Duke ◽  
Sarah Morran ◽  
Carlos A. G. Rigon ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Large Gene ◽  
Aryl Acylamidase

The widely successful use of synthetic herbicides over the past 70 years has imposed strong and widespread selection pressure, leading to the evolution of herbicide resistance in hundreds of weed species. Both target-site resistance (TSR) and nontarget-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms have evolved to most herbicide classes. TSR often involves mutations in genes encoding the protein targets of herbicides, affecting the binding of the herbicide either at or near catalytic domains or in regions affecting access to them. Most of these mutations are nonsynonymous SNPs, but polymorphisms in more than one codon or entire codon deletions have also evolved. Some herbicides bind multiple proteins, making the evolution of TSR mechanisms more difficult. Increased amounts of protein target, by increased gene expression or by gene duplication, are an important, albeit less common, TSR mechanism. NTSR mechanisms include reduced absorption or translocation and increased sequestration or metabolic degradation. The mechanisms that can contribute to NTSR are complex and often involve genes that are members of large gene families. For example, enzymes involved in herbicide metabolism–based resistances include cytochromes P450, GSH S-transferases, glucosyl and other transferases, aryl acylamidase, and others. Both TSR and NTSR mechanisms can combine at the individual level to produce higher resistance levels. The vast array of herbicide-resistance mechanisms for generalist (NTSR) and specialist (TSR and some NTSR) adaptations that have evolved over a few decades illustrate the evolutionary resilience of weed populations to extreme selection pressures. These evolutionary processes drive herbicide and herbicide-resistant crop development and resistance management strategies.

scholarly journals A global bibliometric and visualized analysis in the state of Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqin Zhang ◽  
Siyang Wang ◽  
Jian Ren ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Hongxia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Current Status ◽  
H Index ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Link Strength

Abstract OBJECTIVE. This study was designed with the goal of surveying the current status of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump research field in an effort to explore current and future trends in this clinically relevant research area. METHODS. Bibliometric and visual analyses were used to conduct a global survey of the current status of Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump research. All studies regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux that were published from 1994 to 2019 were retrieved from the Web of Science database, after which we conducted bibliographic coupling, co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses, and analyzed trends in Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump research publications using the VOS Viewer software. RESULTS. We identified 2583 total publications that were included in this study. The number of relevant studies from around the world was found to be rising over time. The USA was identified as a central player in this research field at a global level, as studies from the USA had the most citations, the highest H-index values, and the greatest total link strength. Three primary research directions were identified through this analysis, including studies of efflux pump resistance mechanisms, transfer mechanisms, and inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS. Our visual analysis provides a quantitative overview for researchers who wish to quickly understand the past and current dynamics of the field of Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump research. Overall, these findings suggest that future studies of efflux pump resistance mechanisms and efflux pump inhibitors may aid in overcoming clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance.

scholarly journals A Global Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis in The State of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Efflux Pump Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqin Zhang ◽  
Siyang Wang ◽  
Jian Ren ◽  
Jinxin feng ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Current Status ◽  
H Index ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Link Strength

Abstract OBJECTIVE. This study was designed with the goal of surveying the current status of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump research field in an effort to explore current and future trends in this clinically relevant research area. METHODS. Bibliometric and visual analyses were used to conduct a global survey of the current status of Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump research. All studies regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux that were published from 1994 to 2019 were retrieved from the Web of Science database, after which we conducted bibliographic coupling, co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses, and analyzed trends in Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump research publications using the VOS Viewer software. RESULTS. We identified 2583 total publications that were included in this study. The number of relevant studies from around the world was found to be rising over time. The USA was identified as a central player in this research field at a global level, as studies from the USA had the most citations, the highest H-index values, and the greatest total link strength. Three primary research directions were identified through this analysis, including studies of efflux pump resistance mechanisms, transfer mechanisms, and inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS. Our visual analysis provides a quantitative overview for researchers who wish to quickly understand the past and current dynamics of the field of Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump research. Overall, these findings suggest that future studies of efflux pump resistance mechanisms and efflux pump inhibitors may aid in overcoming clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance.

Managing herbicide resistance in China

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xiangying Liu ◽  
Austin Merchant ◽  
Shihai Xiang ◽  
Tao Zong ◽  
Xuguo Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research

Abstract Since its initial introduction in the late 1950s, chemical control has dominated weed management practices in China. Not surprisingly, the development of herbicide resistance has become the biggest threat to long-term, sustainable weed management in China. Given that China has followed the same laissez-faire approach toward resistance management that has been practiced in developed countries such as the United States, herbicide resistance has evolved rapidly and increased steadily over the years. Previously, we carried out a systematic review to quantitatively assess herbicide-resistance issues in China. In this review, our main objective is to focus on mechanistic studies and management practices to document the (1) history of herbicide application in China; (2) resistance mechanisms governing the eight most resistance-prone herbicide groups, including acetolactate synthase inhibitors, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, synthetic auxin herbicides, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors, photosystem I electron diverters, photosystem II inhibitors, and long-chain fatty-acid inhibitors; and (3) herbicide-resistance management strategies commonly used in China, including chemical, cultural, biological, physical, and integrated approaches. At the end, perspectives and future research are discussed to address the pressing need for the development of integrated herbicide-resistance management in China.

scholarly journals Another view

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Carol Mallory-Smith ◽  
Bruce D. Maxwell ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Richard G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Profit Motive ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Science Discipline ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Weed Resistance

Weed resistance to herbicides occurs when herbicides are overused and can be mitigated by reducing their use. Consensus on herbicide resistance management strategies is problematic given strong industrial profit motive links in the weed science discipline.

Fuzzy multi-objective location and routing problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 3259-3273
Author(s):  
Nasser Shahsavari-Pour ◽  
Najmeh Bahram-Pour ◽  
Mojde Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Location Routing Problem ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Location Routing ◽  
The Cost

The location-routing problem is a research area that simultaneously solves location-allocation and vehicle routing issues. It is critical to delivering emergency goods to customers with high reliability. In this paper, reliability in location and routing problems was considered as the probability of failure in depots, vehicles, and routs. The problem has two objectives, minimizing the cost and maximizing the reliability, the latter expressed by minimizing the expected cost of failure. First, a mathematical model of the problem was presented and due to its NP-hard nature, it was solved by a meta-heuristic approach using a NSGA-II algorithm and a discrete multi-objective firefly algorithm. The efficiency of these algorithms was studied through a complete set of examples and it was found that the multi-objective discrete firefly algorithm has a better Diversification Metric (DM) index; the Mean Ideal Distance (MID) and Spacing Metric (SM) indexes are only suitable for small to medium problems, losing their effectiveness for big problems.

Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in monitoring breast cancer drug resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (34) ◽  
pp. 2863-2878
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Dan Sun ◽  
Ruiying Han ◽  
Mengmeng Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Genomic Alteration ◽  
Tumor Dna

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Unfortunately, treatments often fail because of the development of drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is free DNA released into the blood by necrosis, apoptosis or direct secretion by tumor cells. In contrast to repeated, highly invasive tumor biopsies, ctDNA reflects all molecular alterations of tumors dynamically and captures both spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity. Highly sensitive technologies, including personalized digital PCR and deep sequencing, make it possible to monitor response to therapies, predict drug resistance and tailor treatment regimens by identifying the genomic alteration profile of ctDNA, thereby achieving precision medicine. This review focuses on the current status of ctDNA biology, the technologies used to detect ctDNA and the potential clinical applications of identifying drug resistance mechanisms by detecting tumor-specific genomic alterations in breast cancer.

scholarly journals Fitness of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Current Knowledge and Implications for Management

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vila-Aiub
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Wide Range

Herbicide resistance is the ultimate evidence of the extraordinary capacity of weeds to evolve under stressful conditions. Despite the extraordinary plant fitness advantage endowed by herbicide resistance mutations in agroecosystems under herbicide selection, resistance mutations are predicted to exhibit an adaptation cost (i.e., fitness cost), relative to the susceptible wild-type, in herbicide untreated conditions. Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations are not universal and their expression depends on the particular mutation, genetic background, dominance of the fitness cost, and environmental conditions. The detrimental effects of herbicide resistance mutations on plant fitness may arise as a direct impact on fitness-related traits and/or coevolution with changes in other life history traits that ultimately may lead to fitness costs under particular ecological conditions. This brings the idea that a “lower adaptive value” of herbicide resistance mutations represents an opportunity for the design of resistance management practices that could minimize the evolution of herbicide resistance. It is evident that the challenge for weed management practices aiming to control, minimize, or even reverse the frequency of resistance mutations in the agricultural landscape is to “create” those agroecological conditions that could expose, exploit, and exacerbate those life history and/or fitness traits affecting the evolution of herbicide resistance mutations. Ideally, resistance management should implement a wide range of cultural practices leading to environmentally mediated fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations.

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