scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Root Nodule Symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium and ‘Crack-Entry’ Legume Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Sharma ◽  
Samrat Bhattacharyya ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Fernando Ibañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

Nitrogen is one of the essential plant nutrients and a major factor limiting crop productivity. To meet the requirements of sustainable agriculture, there is a need to maximize biological nitrogen fixation in different crop species. Legumes are able to establish root nodule symbiosis (RNS) with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria which are collectively called rhizobia. This mutualistic association is highly specific, and each rhizobia species/strain interacts with only a specific group of legumes, and vice versa. Nodulation involves multiple phases of interactions ranging from initial bacterial attachment and infection establishment to late nodule development, characterized by a complex molecular signalling between plants and rhizobia. Characteristically, legumes like groundnut display a bacterial invasion strategy popularly known as “crack-entry’’ mechanism, which is reported approximately in 25% of all legumes. This article accommodates critical discussions on the bacterial infection mode, dynamics of nodulation, components of symbiotic signalling pathway, and also the effects of abiotic stresses and phytohormone homeostasis related to the root nodule symbiosis of groundnut and Bradyrhizobium. These parameters can help to understand how groundnut RNS is programmed to recognize and establish symbiotic relationships with rhizobia, adjusting gene expression in response to various regulations. This review further attempts to emphasize the current understanding of advancements regarding RNS research in the groundnut and speculates on prospective improvement possibilities in addition to ways for expanding it to other crops towards achieving sustainable agriculture and overcoming environmental challenges.

scholarly journals Genome-wide survey of soybean papain-like cysteine proteases and their expression analysis in root nodule symbiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songli Yuan ◽  
Danxia Ke ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Xiangyong Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Wide Survey ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

Abstract Background Plant papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) are a large class of proteolytic enzymes and play important roles in root nodule symbiosis (RNS), while the whole-genome studies of PLCP family genes in legume are quite limited, and the roles of Glycine max PLCPs (GmPLCPs) in nodulation, nodule development and senescence are not fully understood. Results In the present study, we identified 97 GmPLCPs and performed a genome-wide survey to explore the expansion of soybean PLCP family genes and their relationships to RNS. Nineteen paralogous pairs of genomic segments, consisting of 77 GmPLCPs, formed by whole-genome duplication (WGD) events were identified, showing a high degree of complexity in duplication. Phylogenetic analysis among different species showed that the lineage differentiation of GmPLCPs occurred after family expansion, and large tandem repeat segment were specifically in soybean. The expression patterns of GmPLCPs in symbiosis-related tissues and nodules identified RNS-related GmPLCPs and provided insights into their putative symbiotic functions in soybean. The symbiotic function analyses showed that a RNS-related GmPLCP gene (Glyma.04G190700) really participate in nodulation and nodule development. Conclusions Our findings improved our understanding of the functional diversity of legume PLCP family genes, and provided insights into the putative roles of the legume PLCPs in nodulation, nodule development and senescence.

scholarly journals Aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Takahashi ◽  
Kaori Shiojiri ◽  
Akira Yamawo
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Plant Communication ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

AbstractAboveground communication between plants is well known to change defense traits in leaves, but its effects on belowground plant traits and soil characteristics have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis via induction of bactericidal chemical defense substances and changes the soil nutrient environment. Soybean plants were exposed to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from damaged shoots of Solidago canadensis var. scabra, and leaf defense traits (total phenolics, saponins), root saponins, and root nodule symbiosis traits (number and biomass of root nodules) were measured. Soil C/N ratios and mineral concentrations were also measured to estimate the effects of resource uptake by the plants. We found that total phenolics were not affected. However, plants that received VOCs had higher saponin concentrations in both leaves and roots, and fewer root nodules than untreated plants. Although the concentrations of soil minerals did not differ between treatments, soil C/N ratio was significantly higher in the soil of communicated plants. Thus, the aboveground plant-to-plant communication led to reductions in root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations. Our results suggest that there are broader effects of induced chemical defenses in aboveground plant organs upon belowground microbial interactions and soil nutrients, and emphasize that plant response based on plant-to-plant communications are a bridge between above- and below-ground ecosystems.

scholarly journals SymGRASS: a database of sugarcane orthologous genes involved in arbuscular mycorrhiza and root nodule symbiosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Belarmino ◽  
Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Nina da Mota Soares Cavalcanti ◽  
Nicolas Krezdorn ◽  
Ederson Akio Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

scholarly journals A New Species of Devosia That Forms a Unique Nitrogen-Fixing Root-Nodule Symbiosis with the Aquatic Legume Neptunia natans (L.f.) Druce

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 5217-5222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Rivas ◽  
Encarna Velázquez ◽  
Anne Willems ◽  
Nieves Vizcaíno ◽  
Nanjappa S. Subba-Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

ABSTRACT Rhizobia are the common bacterial symbionts that form nitrogen-fixing root nodules in legumes. However, recently other bacteria have been shown to nodulate and fix nitrogen symbiotically with these plants. Neptunia natans is an aquatic legume indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions and in African soils is nodulated by Allorhizobium undicola. This legume develops an unusual root-nodule symbiosis on floating stems in aquatic environments through a unique infection process. Here, we analyzed the low-molecular-weight RNA and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence of the same fast-growing isolates from India that were previously used to define the developmental morphology of the unique infection process in this symbiosis with N. natans and found that they are phylogenetically located in the genus Devosia, not Allorhizobium or Rhizobium. The 16S rDNA sequences of these two Neptunia-nodulating Devosia strains differ from the only species currently described in that genus, Devosia riboflavina. From the same isolated colonies, we also located their nodD and nifH genes involved in nodulation and nitrogen fixation on a plasmid of approximately 170 kb. Sequence analysis showed that their nodD and nifH genes are most closely related to nodD and nifH of Rhizobium tropici, suggesting that this newly described Neptunia-nodulating Devosia species may have acquired these symbiotic genes by horizontal transfer.

Phylogenomics reveals multiple losses of nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. eaat1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Griesmann ◽  
Yue Chang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Georg Haberer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

scholarly journals Endogenous gibberellins affect root nodule symbiosis via transcriptional regulation of NODULE INCEPTION in Lotus japonicus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Akamatsu ◽  
Miwa Nagae ◽  
Yuka Nishimura ◽  
Daniela Romero Montero ◽  
Satsuki Ninomiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

scholarly journals PLENTY, a hydroxyprolineO-arabinosyltransferase, negatively regulates root nodule symbiosis inLotus japonicus

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Yoro ◽  
Hanna Nishida ◽  
Mari Ogawa-Ohnishi ◽  
Chie Yoshida ◽  
Takuya Suzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis
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