Quantitative and Qualitative Genetic Studies of Some Acacia Species Grown in Egypt

Nader R. Abdelsalam; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Hosam E. El-Wakil

doi:10.3390/plants9020243

Quantitative and Qualitative Genetic Studies of Some Acacia Species Grown in Egypt

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9020243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

Nader R. Abdelsalam ◽

Hayssam M. Ali ◽

Mohamed Z. M. Salem ◽

Hosam E. El-Wakil

Keyword(s):

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Acacia Species ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Qualitative Characteristics

The objective of the current work is to study the genetic differentiation between Acacia species growing in Egypt as plant genetic resources based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers. The 20 replicates of Acacia tree collected from four localities from Egypt were A. tortilis ssp. raddiana and A. farnesiana (Siwa Oasis and Borg El-Arab City), A. stenophylla, A. sclerosperma (Marsa Matroh City), and A. saligna (Abis Station Farm, Alexandria). The results based on the previous markers indicated highly significant differences between Acacia species, confirming the hypothesis of the possibility of using morphological, biochemical, and molecular parameters in species identification. Qualitative characteristics results indicated some similarities and differences that are taxonomically important for comparing taxonomical grouping with morphological data for the genetic description of Acacia species. The activities of antioxidant enzymes have been studied intensively and the results provide strong similarities between the Acacia species (69%), between A. raddiana (Siwa and Borg Al-Arab) and A. saligna, followed by all Acacia species (50%). Finally, the molecular studies showed that a total of 563 amplification fragments, 190 fragments were monomorphic, and 373 fragments were polymorphic. The highest number of amplification fragments (21) was detected with OPB-20 primer, while OPA-20 showed seven amplification fragments; the average number was 13.09. The results indicated that Acacia species exhibit high genetic differentiation, helpful in the future for genetic improvement programs. The novelty of the current study is highlighting the importance of plant genetic resources in Egypt and using different techniques to measure the differentiation between these species.

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654 The Role of Plant Genetic Resources in Safeguarding Global Carrying Capacity

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.511a ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 511A-511

Author(s):

Peter Bretting

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Timber Species ◽

Minor Crops ◽

Minor Crop ◽

Improvement Programs

Plants provide humans with food, fiber, feed, ornamentals, industrial products, medicine, shelter, and fuel. As vegetation, they maintain global environmental integrity and the carrying capacity for all life. From an anthropocentric perspective, plants serve as genetic resources (PGR) for sustaining the growing human population. Research on PGR can provide basic knowledge for crop improvement or environmental management that enables renewable, sustainable production of the preceding necessities. PGR also provide the raw material for increasing yield and end product's quality, while requiring fewer inputs (water, nutrients, agrichemicals, etc.). The staples of life—30 or so major grain, oilseed, fiber, and timber species—comprise the “thin green line” vital to human survival, either directly, or through trade and income generation. Many crop genebanks worldwide focus on conserving germplasm of these staples as a shield against genetic vulnerability that may endanger economies and humanity on an international scale. Fewer genebanks and crop improvement programs conserve and develop “minor crops,” so called because of their lesser economic value or restricted cultivation globally. Yet, these minor crops, many categorized as horticultural, may be key to human carrying capacity—especially in geographically or economically marginal zones. The USDA/ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) contains a great number and diversity of minor crop germplasm. The NPGS, other genebanks, and minor crop breeding programs scattered throughout the world, help safeguard human global carrying capacity by providing the raw genetic material and genetic improvement infrastructure requisite for producing superior minor crops. The latter may represent the best hope for developing new varieties and crops, new crop rotations, and new renewable products that in the future may enhance producer profitability or even ensure producer and consumer survival.

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Experiences from plant GR conservation

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00041975 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 107-112

Author(s):

M.J. Ambrose

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Resource ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resource ◽

Genetic Resources Conservation ◽

Animal Genetic Resources ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Resources Conservation ◽

The Uk

AbstractThere is a long history in the UK of procuring and maintaining plant genetic resources for curiosity, novelty, taxonomic reference or direct utilisation. This paper describes the evolution, the current structures and the processes involved in plant genetic resource activities in the UK, and discusses similarities and differences in the issues in and approaches to plant and animal genetic resources conservation and utilisation.

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First high-quality reference genome of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii

10.1101/2020.09.22.306811 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Song ◽

Mengyan Zhou ◽

Yuying Yuan ◽

Jinqiu Yu ◽

Hua Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Reference Genome ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Ideal Model ◽

High Quality ◽

Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Chromosome Level

AbstractAmphicarpaea edgeworthii, an annual twining herb, is a widely distributed species and an ideal model for studying complex flowering types and evolutionary mechanisms of species. Herein, we generated a high-quality assembly of A. edgeworthii by using a combination of PacBio, 10× Genomics libraries, and Hi-C mapping technologies. The final 11 chromosome-level scaffolds covered 90.61% of the estimated genome (343.78 Mb), which is the first chromosome-scale assembled genome of an amphicarpic plant. These data will be beneficial for the discovery of genes that control major agronomic traits, spur genetic improvement of and functional genetic studies in legumes, and supply comparative genetic resources for other amphicarpic plants.

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Plant genetic resources management and pre-breeding in genomics era

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.79s.1.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (01S) ◽

Author(s):

Kuldeep Singh ◽

Sandeep Kumar ◽

S. Raj Kumar ◽

Mohar Singh ◽

Kavita Gupta

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Complex Traits ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Genetic Resources Management ◽

Genomic Tools ◽

Improvement Programs

Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) conserved in gene bank provides genetic variability for efficient utilization in breeding programmes. Pre-breeding is required for broadening the genetic base of the crop through identification of useful traits in un-adapted materials and transfer them into better adapted ones for further breeding. So, pre-breeding is a promising alternative (due to use of un-adapted materials) to link genetic resources and breeding programs. Utilization of PGR in crop improvement programmes including prebreeding have been very limited. Advances in genomics have provided us with high-quality reference genomes, sequencing and re-sequencing platforms with reduced cost, marker and QTL assisted selection, genomic selection and population level genotyping platforms. Further, genome editing tools like, CRISPR/Cas9 and its latest modification base editing technology can be used to generate target specific mutants and are important for establishing gene functions with respect to their phenotypes through developing knockout mutations. These new genomic tools can be used to generate, analyse and manipulate the genetic variability for designing cultivars with the desired traits. The genomic tools has not only accelerated the utilization of PGR but also assisted pre-breeding through rapid selection of trait-specific germplasm, reduced periods in breeding cycle for confirming gene of interest in intermediate material and validation of transfer of gene of interest in the cultivated gene pool. In crops, where limited genetic and genomic resources are available, pre-breeding becomes very challenging. We can say that genomics assisted utilization of PGR and prebreeding has accelerated the pace of introgression of complex traits in different crop cultivars.and yield plateau has already been achieved in these cultivars (Chen et al. 2014a). Under these circumstances, use of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) in crop improvement programs provides an avenue to solve the problem.

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Analysis of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Diversity

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Antonio M. De Ron ◽

Ana Paula Rodiño

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Germplasm Diversity

Plant genetic resources are the basis for the genetic improvement of cultivated plants and future food and feed security [...]

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A tale of two genera: exotic Eucalyptus and Acacia species in China. 1. Domestication and research

International Forestry Review ◽

10.1505/146554820828671571 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

R.J. Arnold ◽

Y.J. Xie ◽

J.Z. Luo ◽

H.R. Wang ◽

S.J. Midgley

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Southern China ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Acacia Species ◽

The Past ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

Eucalypt Plantations ◽

Production Capacities ◽

Work Done

In China a substantial plantation industry, including 5.4 M ha of eucalypts and up to 50,000 ha of acacias, has been built on a foundation of R&D and germplasm acquisition for exotic eucalypt and acacia species over the past 40 years. From the 1980s through to the early 2000s a suite of Chinese-Australian collaborative R&D projects made major contributions to domestication, genetic improvement, silviculture and other aspects of plantation eucalypts and acacias in southern China. Even today, germplasm derived from earlier projects still provides the majority of planting stock deployed in China's current eucalypt plantations. For eucalypts, improvements in plantation productivities have been achieved through solid, well managed R&D programs. For acacias, despite work done in past decades to develop breeding populations and production capacities for improved seeds, genetic resources of acacias in China have deteriorated greatly in recent years. Factors affecting domestication and genetic improvement of both genera in China are reviewed in this report along with the research undertaken for both genera over the past 40 years.

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PSIII-15 Genetic diversity and population structure in nine beef cattle sub-populations using whole genome SNP markers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.299 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 169-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nayan Bhowmik ◽

Kris A Ringwall ◽

Carl R Dahlen ◽

Kendall C Swanson ◽

Lauren L Hulsman Hanna

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Total Variance ◽

Fixation Index ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Improvement Programs

Abstract Commercial beef cattle populations are rarely purebred. Understanding genetic diversity and population structure of crossbreds is important for future genetic improvement programs. Currently, an admixed beef cattle population comprised of British, Continental and Australian origin is being used for long-term research goals in understanding longevity, efficiency (reproductive and nutritional), and their interaction. This experiment aimed to assess the levels of genetic diversity and population structure among purebred (n = 6) and admixed (n = 3) sub-populations. A total of 727 animals were genotyped using the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler 150K. After quality checking, expected heterozygosity (HE) and polymorphism were calculated using 108,249 markers by sub-population. After LD-pruning, the remaining 19,316 SNP were used for pairwise fixation index (FST), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), and principle component analysis. The call rate for each sub-population ranged from 0.9866 ± 0.0351 to 0.9994 ± 0.0006. The lowest proportion (0.8527) of polymorphism was in the American Aberdeen (AA) and the highest proportion (1) was in the admixed populations. By sub-population, HE ranged from 0.3490 ± 0.1482 in AA to 0.3935 ± 0.1315 in Angus. The average nucleotide diversity over loci varied from 0.2976 ± 0.1444 in AA to 0.3872 ± 0.1879 in unknown parentage sub-population. The highest genetic differentiation was observed between AA and Continental breeds (Gelbvieh and Simmental) as FST estimates ranged from 0.1757 to 0.1789, respectively. Differences within individuals explained 98.15% of the total variance, whereas only -2.33% was due to differences among individuals within sub-populations. The first and second principal components (PC) explained 37.77% and 24.29% of the total variance, respectively. These PC show that admixed individuals clustered with animals of their primary breed. Therefore, this study suggests that clustering individuals according to their primary breed will assist in future genetic studies with this population and potentially future commercial genetic improvement programs.

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