scholarly journals Allelic Variants of CRISPR/Cas9 Induced Mutation in an Inositol Trisphosphate 5/6 Kinase Gene Manifest Different Phenotypes in Barley

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlčko ◽  
Ohnoutková
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Inositol Trisphosphate ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Mutant Lines

Inositol trisphosphate 5/6 kinases (ITPK) constitute a small group of enzymes participating in the sequential phosphorylation of inositol phosphate to inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), which is a major storage form of phosphate in cereal grains. The development of lines with reduced IP6 content could enhance phosphate and mineral bioavailability. Moreover, plant ITPKs participate in abiotic stress signaling. To elucidate the role of HvITPK1 in IP6 synthesis and stress signaling, a barley itpk1 mutant was created using programmable nuclease Cas9. Homozygous single bp insertion and deletion mutant lines were obtained. The mutants contained altered levels of phosphate in the mature grains, ranging from 65% to 174% of the wild type (WT) content. Homozygous mutant lines were tested for their response to salinity during germination. Interestingly, insertion mutant lines revealed a higher tolerance to salinity stress than deletion mutants. Mature embryos of an insertion mutant itpk1-2 and deletion mutant itpk1-33 were cultivated in vitro on MS medium supplemented with NaCl at 50, 100, and 200 mM. While both mutants grew less well than WT on no or low salt concentrations, the itpk1-2 mutant was affected less than the WT and itpk33 when grown on the highest NaCl concentration. The expression of all ITPKs was induced in roots in response to salt stress. In shoots, the differential effect of high salt on IPTK expression in the two iptk1 mutants was consistent with their different sensitivities to salt stress. The results extend the evidence for the involvement of ITPK genes in phosphate storage and abiotic stress signaling.

scholarly journals Selection of (Ac/Ds) insertion mutant lines by abiotic stress and analysis of gene expression pattern of rice (Oryza sativar L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Jung ◽  
Seul-Ah Park ◽  
Byung-Ohg Ahn ◽  
Doh-Won Yun ◽  
Hyeon-So Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals In silico identification of cis-Regulatory elements and their functional annotations from assembled ESTs of Artemisia annua L. involved in abiotic stress signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 2384-2395
Author(s):  
PRAVEJ ALAM ◽  
◽  
THAMER AL BALAWI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Functional Annotations ◽  
In Silico Identification ◽  
Plant Hormone Signaling ◽  
Artemisinin Content

Salt stress is a common side-effect in plants impacted on plant growth, metabolism and productivity. A. annua L. is one of the well-known antimalarial plants, biosynthesized artemisinin in its leaf, now introduced in all-over the world. In this article, we have analyzed the A. annua L. ESTs under salt stress and predicted cis-regulatory elements, roles in abiotic stress signaling. Further, the predicted abiotic stress responsive factors were analyzed in order to their function annotations as compare to the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. 11 EST-contigs assembled from 127 were 29 signals elements were identified by CAP3 program. In order to evaluate accuracy of the identified factors, gene ontology functions were performed. GOBP analysis enriched the genes (85.71%) as the response to abiotic signaling. The co-expression analysis was revealed by gene investigators and String 10.0, these factors-oriented genes had at least 0.40 correlations and 0.7 mutual connection. In projected PPI network, the recognized factors belong to plant hormone signaling and diterpene pathways. These factors (ABF1, APX CCC1, CPK6, JAZ1, MYC2) introduced as candidate genes responsive factors could be overexpressed in A. annua L. plants either alone or in a shuttle may led the good metabolism and higher artemisinin content.

scholarly journals Physcomitrium patens Mutants in Auxin Conjugating GH3 Proteins Show Salt Stress Tolerance but Auxin Homeostasis Is Not Involved in Regulation of Oxidative Stress Factors

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Haniyeh Koochak ◽  
Jutta Ludwig-Müller
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Additional Indication ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Auxin Homeostasis ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Stress Metabolites

Salt stress is among the most challenging abiotic stress situations that a plant can experience. High salt levels do not only occur in areas with obvious salty water, but also during drought periods where salt accumulates in the soil. The moss Physcomitrium patens became a model for studying abiotic stress in non-vascular plants. Here, we show that high salt concentrations can be tolerated in vitro, and that auxin homeostasis is connected to the performance of P. patens under these stress conditions. The auxin levels can be regulated by conjugating IAA to amino acids by two members of the family of GH3 protein auxin amino acid-synthetases that are present in P. patens. Double GH3 gene knock-out mutants were more tolerant to high salt concentrations. Furthermore, free IAA levels were differentially altered during the time points investigated. Since, among the mutant lines, an increase in IAA on at least one NaCl concentration tested was observed, we treated wild type (WT) plants concomitantly with NaCl and IAA. This experiment showed that the salt tolerance to 100 mM NaCl together with 1 and 10 µM IAA was enhanced during the earlier time points. This is an additional indication that the high IAA levels in the double GH3-KO lines could be responsible for survival in high salt conditions. While the high salt concentrations induced several selected stress metabolites including phenols, flavonoids, and enzymes such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, the GH3-KO genotype did not generally participate in this upregulation. While we showed that the GH3 double KO mutants were more tolerant of high (250 mM) NaCl concentrations, the altered auxin homeostasis was not directly involved in the upregulation of stress metabolites.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) Transcription Factors and Screening of Salt Stress Candidates of Rosa rugosa Thunb

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 992
Author(s):  
Jianwen Wang ◽  
Weijie Zhang ◽  
Yufei Cheng ◽  
Liguo Feng
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Rosa Rugosa ◽  
Lateral Organ ◽  
Organ Boundaries

LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) transcription factors are regulators of lateral organ morphogenesis, boundary establishment, and secondary metabolism in plants. The responsive role of LBD gene family in plant abiotic stress is emerging, whereas its salt stress responsive mechanism in Rosa spp. is still unclear. The wild plant of Rosa rugosa Thunb., which exhibits strong salt tolerance to stress, is an ideal material to explore the salt-responsive LBD genes. In our study, we identified 41 RrLBD genes based on the R. rugosa genome. According to phylogenetic analysis, all RrLBD genes were categorized into Classes I and II with conserved domains and motifs. The cis-acting element prediction revealed that the promoter regions of most RrLBD genes contain defense and stress responsiveness and plant hormone response elements. Gene expression patterns under salt stress indicated that RrLBD12c, RrLBD25, RrLBD39, and RrLBD40 may be potential regulators of salt stress signaling. Our analysis provides useful information on the evolution and development of RrLBD gene family and indicates that the candidate RrLBD genes are involved in salt stress signaling, laying a foundation for the exploration of the mechanism of LBD genes in regulating abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Traits and Inoculation Effects on Triticum durum of Actinomycetes Isolates under Salt Stress Conditions

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Rihab Djebaili ◽  
Marika Pellegrini ◽  
Massimiliano Rossi ◽  
Cinzia Forni ◽  
Maria Smati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Assays

This study aimed to characterize the halotolerant capability, in vitro, of selected actinomycetes strains and to evaluate their competence in promoting halo stress tolerance in durum wheat in a greenhouse experiment. Fourteen isolates were tested for phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia production under different salt concentrations (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 M NaCl). The presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity was also investigated. Salinity tolerance was evaluated in durum wheat through plant growth and development parameters: shoot and root length, dry and ash-free dry weight, and the total chlorophyll content, as well as proline accumulation. In vitro assays have shown that the strains can solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia under different salt concentrations. Most of the strains (86%) had 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, with significant amounts of α-ketobutyric acid. In the greenhouse experiment, inoculation with actinomycetes strains improved the morpho-biochemical parameters of durum wheat plants, which also recorded significantly higher content of chlorophylls and proline than those uninoculated, both under normal and stressed conditions. Our results suggest that inoculation of halotolerant actinomycetes can mitigate the negative effects of salt stress and allow normal growth and development of durum wheat plants.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Identification and Functional Insight of Lily WRKY Genes Responding to Botrytis Fungal Disease

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Shipra Kumari ◽  
Bashistha Kumar Kanth ◽  
Ju young Ahn ◽  
Jong Hwa Kim ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq of Lilium longiflorum revealed valuable genes responding to biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors are regulatory proteins playing essential roles in defense processes under environmental stresses, causing considerable losses in flower quality and production. Thirty-eight WRKY genes were identified from the transcriptomic profile from lily genotypes, exhibiting leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica. Lily WRKYs have a highly conserved motif, WRKYGQK, with a common variant, WRKYGKK. Phylogeny of LlWRKYs with homologous genes from other representative plant species classified them into three groups- I, II, and III consisting of seven, 22, and nine genes, respectively. Base on functional annotation, 22 LlWRKY genes were associated with biotic stress, nine with abiotic stress, and seven with others. Sixteen unique LlWRKY were studied to investigate responses to stress conditions using gene expression under biotic and abiotic stress treatments. Five genes—LlWRKY3, LlWRKY4, LlWRKY5, LlWRKY10, and LlWRKY12—were substantially upregulated, proving to be biotic stress-responsive genes in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, the expression patterns of LlWRKY genes varied in response to drought, heat, cold, and different developmental stages or tissues. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular insights into LlWRKY genes for use in the genetic engineering in Lilium against Botrytis disease.

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