scholarly journals Evolution of Photorespiratory Glycolate Oxidase among Archaeplastida

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Kern ◽  
Fabio Facchinelli ◽  
Charles Delwiche ◽  
Andreas P. M. Weber ◽  
Hermann Bauwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽  
Glycolate Oxidase ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
The Common ◽  
Origin Hypothesis ◽  
Ancestral Protein ◽  
Oxygenic Phototrophs

Photorespiration has been shown to be essential for all oxygenic phototrophs in the present-day oxygen-containing atmosphere. The strong similarity of the photorespiratory cycle in cyanobacteria and plants led to the hypothesis that oxygenic photosynthesis and photorespiration co-evolved in cyanobacteria, and then entered the eukaryotic algal lineages up to land plants via endosymbiosis. However, the evolutionary origin of the photorespiratory enzyme glycolate oxidase (GOX) is controversial, which challenges the common origin hypothesis. Here, we tested this hypothesis using phylogenetic and biochemical approaches with broad taxon sampling. Phylogenetic analysis supported the view that a cyanobacterial GOX-like protein of the 2-hydroxy-acid oxidase family most likely served as an ancestor for GOX in all eukaryotes. Furthermore, our results strongly indicate that GOX was recruited to the photorespiratory metabolism at the origin of Archaeplastida, because we verified that Glaucophyta, Rhodophyta, and Streptophyta all express GOX enzymes with preference for the substrate glycolate. Moreover, an “ancestral” protein synthetically derived from the node separating all prokaryotic from eukaryotic GOX-like proteins also preferred glycolate over l-lactate. These results support the notion that a cyanobacterial ancestral protein laid the foundation for the evolution of photorespiratory GOX enzymes in modern eukaryotic phototrophs.

scholarly journals The genome of Ricinus communis encodes a single glycolate oxidase with different functions in photosynthetic and heterotrophic organs

Planta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 252 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Schmitz ◽  
Meike Hüdig ◽  
Dieter Meier ◽  
Nicole Linka ◽  
Veronica G. Maurino
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hydroxy Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Glycolate Oxidase ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Folate Pathway ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Abstract Main conclusion The biochemical characterization of glycolate oxidase in Ricinus communis hints to different physiological functions of the enzyme depending on the organ in which it is active. Abstract Enzymatic activities of the photorespiratory pathway are not restricted to green tissues but are present also in heterotrophic organs. High glycolate oxidase (GOX) activity was detected in the endosperm of Ricinus communis. Phylogenetic analysis of the Ricinus l-2-hydroxy acid oxidase (Rc(l)-2-HAOX) family indicated that Rc(l)-2-HAOX1 to Rc(l)-2-HAOX3 cluster with the group containing streptophyte long-chain 2-hydroxy acid oxidases, whereas Rc(l)-2-HAOX4 clusters with the group containing streptophyte GOX. Rc(l)-2-HAOX4 is the closest relative to the photorespiratory GOX genes of Arabidopsis. We obtained Rc(l)-2-HAOX4 as a recombinant protein and analyze its kinetic properties in comparison to the Arabidopsis photorespiratory GOX. We also analyzed the expression of all Rc(l)-2-HAOXs and conducted metabolite profiling of different Ricinus organs. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Rc(l)-2-HAOX4 is the only GOX encoded in the Ricinus genome (RcGOX). RcGOX has properties resembling those of the photorespiratory GOX of Arabidopsis. We found that glycolate, the substrate of GOX, is highly abundant in non-green tissues, such as roots, embryo of germinating seeds and dry seeds. We propose that RcGOX fulfills different physiological functions depending on the organ in which it is active. In autotrophic organs it oxidizes glycolate into glyoxylate as part of the photorespiratory pathway. In fast growing heterotrophic organs, it is most probably involved in the production of serine to feed the folate pathway for special demands of those tissues.

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial recovery from shotgun metagenome sequencing enabling phylogenetic analysis of the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus)

Meta Gene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Doane ◽  
Dovi Kacev ◽  
Sean Harrington ◽  
Kyle Levi ◽  
Dnyanada Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Thresher Shark ◽  
The Common ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
Alopias Vulpinus

scholarly journals O-methylated N-glycans Distinguish Mosses from Vascular Plants

Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
David Stenitzer ◽  
Réka Mócsai ◽  
Harald Zechmeister ◽  
Ralf Reski ◽  
Eva L. Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Relation ◽  
Complex Type ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
First Finding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Terminal Mannose

In the animal kingdom, a stunning variety of N-glycan structures have emerged with phylogenetic specificities of various kinds. In the plant kingdom, however, N-glycosylation appears to be strictly conservative and uniform. From mosses to all kinds of gymno- and angiosperms, land plants mainly express structures with the common pentasaccharide core substituted with xylose, core α1,3-fucose, maybe terminal GlcNAc residues and Lewis A determinants. In contrast, green algae biosynthesise unique and unusual N-glycan structures with uncommon monosaccharides, a plethora of different structures and various kinds of O-methylation. Mosses, a group of plants that are separated by at least 400 million years of evolution from vascular plants, have hitherto been seen as harbouring an N-glycosylation machinery identical to that of vascular plants. To challenge this view, we analysed the N-glycomes of several moss species using MALDI-TOF/TOF, PGC-MS/MS and GC-MS. While all species contained the plant-typical heptasaccharide with no, one or two terminal GlcNAc residues (MMXF, MGnXF and GnGnXF, respectively), many species exhibited MS signals with 14.02 Da increments as characteristic for O-methylation. Throughout all analysed moss N-glycans, the level of methylation differed strongly even within the same family. In some species, methylated glycans dominated, while others had no methylation at all. GC-MS revealed the main glycan from Funaria hygrometrica to contain 2,6-O-methylated terminal mannose. Some mosses additionally presented very large, likewise methylated complex-type N-glycans. This first finding of the methylation of N-glycans in land plants mirrors the presumable phylogenetic relation of mosses to green algae, where the O-methylation of mannose and many other monosaccharides is a common trait.

scholarly journals Diversification of land plants: insights from a family-level phylogenetic analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Fiz-Palacios ◽  
Harald Schneider ◽  
Jochen Heinrichs ◽  
Vincent Savolainen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Family Level

scholarly journals Morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of the treehopper tribe Smiliini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae), with reinstatement of the tribe Telamonini

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3047 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW S. WALLACE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
The Common ◽  
Morphological Differences

Members of the Smiliini, the nominotypical tribe of the large New World subfamily Smiliinae, are predominately Nearctic in distribution. This tribe included 169 mostly tree-feeding species in 23 genera. A parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of an original dataset comprising 89 traditional and newly discovered morphological characters for 69 species, including representatives of 22 of the 23 described genera of Smiliini and five other previously recognized tribes of the subfamily, resulted in a single most parsimonious tree with three major clades. The broad recent concept of Smiliini (including Telamonini as a junior synonym) was not recovered as monophyletic by the analysis. Instead, the analysis supported narrower definitions of both Telamonini, here reinstated from synonymy, and Smiliini. A key and diagnoses are given to define these tribes, along with discussions of their phylogeny, biogeography, and host plant associations. The genera Antianthe Fowler, Hemicardiacus Plummer, Smilirhexia McKamey, and Tropidarnis Fowler are placed as Smiliinae, incertae sedis. Based on the phylogeny, several genera from both tribes including Atymna Stål, Cyrtolobus Goding, Heliria Stål, and Telamona Fitch are not monophyletic. Diagnostic characters emphasizing the morphological differences between the Smiliini and Telamonini include the dorsal margin of the head, the shape of the pronotum, the size of the pronotal humeral angles, the presence or absence of pronotal longitudinal rugae, the size of forewing cells, variations in the fusion of veins R and M apically in both the foreand hind wing, and the shape of the apex of the female second valvulae. Mapping geographic distribution onto the phylogeny suggests that the common ancestor of the ingroup (all three clades) occurred in Central America and Mexico, with multiple dispersals to temperate North America. Many Smiliini and Telamonini feed on various species of oak (Quercus) and the close evolutionary association between these insects and their hosts is discussed.

Morphology supports ­the setaphyte hypothesis: mosses plus liverworts form a natural group

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN S. RENZAGLIA ◽  
JUAN CARLOS VILLARREAL AGUILAR ◽  
DAVID J. GARBARY
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Fundamental Conclusion

The origin and early diversification of land plants is one of the major unresolved problems in evolutionary biology. Occurring nearly half a billion years ago, the transmigration of green organisms to land changed the landscape and provided the food source for terrestrial life to invade a vast uninhabited space, adapt and radiate. Although bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are often regarded as the earliest terrestrial organisms, the order of their divergence remains contentious even as molecular analyses become more conclusive with expanded taxon sampling, massive genetic data and more sophisticated methods of analysis (Cox et al. 2018; Morris et al. 2018). Indeed, virtually every combination of relationships among bryophytes has been proposed based on molecules (Qiu et al. 2006; Wickett et al. 2014; Cox et al. 2018). Fortunately, in 2018 it appears that we are approaching a consensus based on molecules, and that is that although bryophytes may or may not be monophyletic, mosses plus liverworts form a natural group (Puttick et al. 2018). In this essay, we point out that this inference is neither new nor surprising as it has been the fundamental conclusion of morphological analyses for over 25 years starting with an exhaustive cladistic analysis of characters associated with motile cell development in green plants (Garbary et al. 1993).

scholarly journals Presence of three mycorrhizal genes in the common ancestor of land plants suggests a key role of mycorrhizas in the colonization of land by plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Li Huey Yeun ◽  
Jia-Yu Xue ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jean-Michel Ané ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Colonization Of Land

First report of Limacella from Bangladesh, with a new species description

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 332 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. IQBAL HOSEN ◽  
TAI-HUI LI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Species Description ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Species Description ◽  
Generic Record ◽  
A New Species

Limacella bangladeshana, a new species of well-known fungal family Amanitaceae from Bangladesh is described and illustrated based on morphology and molecular evidence. The species is mainly recognized by its medium-sized basidiomata, cream-white to off-white or buff-white pileus, the slightly uplifted pileal margin, globose basidiospores measuring 3.5–4 × 3.5–4 µm, an ixo-trichodermal pileipellis, and the common presence of clamp connections. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using sequence of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) also supports the recognition of the new species in Limacella. This species represents the first generic record of Limacella for Bangladesh. Detailed description, color photos and illustration, and comparison with allied taxa are presented. 

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