scholarly journals Ascorbate and Thiamin: Metabolic Modulators in Plant Acclimation Responses

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laise Rosado-Souza ◽  
Alisdair R. Fernie ◽  
Fayezeh Aarabi
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Plant Acclimation ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Cell Compartmentalization

Cell compartmentalization allows incompatible chemical reactions and localised responses to occur simultaneously, however, it also requires a complex system of communication between compartments in order to maintain the functionality of vital processes. It is clear that multiple such signals must exist, yet little is known about the identity of the key players orchestrating these interactions or about the role in the coordination of other processes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a considerable number of metabolites in common and are interdependent at multiple levels. Therefore, metabolites represent strong candidates as communicators between these organelles. In this context, vitamins and similar small molecules emerge as possible linkers to mediate metabolic crosstalk between compartments. This review focuses on two vitamins as potential metabolic signals within the plant cell, vitamin C (L-ascorbate) and vitamin B1 (thiamin). These two vitamins demonstrate the importance of metabolites in shaping cellular processes working as metabolic signals during acclimation processes. Inferences based on the combined studies of environment, genotype, and metabolite, in order to unravel signaling functions, are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Induction of Stem Cell Like Cells from Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast by Short-Term Shear Stress and Vitamin C

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1941
Author(s):  
Seungmin Yeom ◽  
Myung Chul Lee ◽  
Shambhavi Pandey ◽  
Jaewoon Lim ◽  
Sangbae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
External Stimuli

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a good medicine source because of their potential to differentiate into various tissues or cells. However, traditionally, iPSCs made by specific transgenes and virus vectors are not appropriate for clinical use because of safety concerns and risk of tumor development. The goal of this research was to develop an alternative method for reprogramming, using small molecules and external stimuli. Two groups were established: short-term shear stress (STSS) under suspension culture and a combination of short-term shear stress and vitamin C (SSVC) under suspension culture. For STSS, the pipetting was carried out for cells twice per day for 2 min for 14 days in the embryonic stem cell (ES) medium. In the case of SSVC, the procedure was the same as for STSS however, its ES medium included 10 µM of vitamin C. After 14 days, all spheroids were picked and checked for pluripotency by ALP (alkaline phosphatase) assay and immunocytochemistry. Both groups partially showed the characteristics of stem cells but data demonstrated that the spheroids under shear stress and vitamin C had improved stem cell-like properties. This research showed the possibility of external stimuli and small molecules to reprogram the somatic cells without the use of transgenes.

scholarly journals Global mapping of protein–metabolite interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals that Ser-Leu dipeptide regulates phosphoglycerate kinase activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Luzarowski ◽  
Rubén Vicente ◽  
Andrei Kiselev ◽  
Mateusz Wagner ◽  
Dennis Schlossarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Diauxic Shift ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
Global Mapping ◽  
Biochemical Approach ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractProtein–metabolite interactions are of crucial importance for all cellular processes but remain understudied. Here, we applied a biochemical approach named PROMIS, to address the complexity of the protein–small molecule interactome in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By doing so, we provide a unique dataset, which can be queried for interactions between 74 small molecules and 3982 proteins using a user-friendly interface available at https://promis.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/yeastpmi/. By interpolating PROMIS with the list of predicted protein–metabolite interactions, we provided experimental validation for 225 binding events. Remarkably, of the 74 small molecules co-eluting with proteins, 36 were proteogenic dipeptides. Targeted analysis of a representative dipeptide, Ser-Leu, revealed numerous protein interactors comprising chaperones, proteasomal subunits, and metabolic enzymes. We could further demonstrate that Ser-Leu binding increases activity of a glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk1). Consistent with the binding analysis, Ser-Leu supplementation leads to the acute metabolic changes and delays timing of a diauxic shift. Supported by the dipeptide accumulation analysis our work attests to the role of Ser-Leu as a metabolic regulator at the interface of protein degradation and central metabolism.

PERBAIKAN KADAR ALBUMIN PASIEN POST AMPUTASI ET CAUSA LUKA BAKAR LISTRIK 25% DERAJAT III DAN STATUS GIZI KURANG DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASUPAN TINGGI PROTEIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Diane Paparang ◽  
Nurpudji A. Taslim ◽  
Haerani Rasyid ◽  
A. Yasmin Syauki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1

Pendahuluan Proses penyembuhan luka post amputasi dan luka bakar dengan luas 25% dan kedalaman derajat III serta hipoalbuminemia sedang (albumin 2,6g/dL) dan status gizi kurang memerlukan terapi gizi spesifik tinggi protein. Laporan Kasus Tn.I, laki-laki, 28 tahun dikonsul oleh bagian bedah dengan luka post amputasi dan  luka bakar listrik derajat III luas 25%. Keluhan utama asupan makan kurang sejak 16 hari terakhir karena nafsu makan kurang akibat nyeri pada luka post amputasi dan luka bakar. Ada nyeri ulu hati dan demam menggigil. Asupan 24 jam 1000kkal. Pasien didiagnosis dengan status gizi kurang (LLA=80,7%), status metabolik anemia normositik normokrom (Hb 9.7 g/dl), deplesi sedang sistem imun (TLC 940/µL), hipoalbuminemia (albumin 2,6g/dL) dan status gastrointestinal fungsional. Terapi nutrisi dengan energi 2500 kkal, protein 2 gr/kgBBI/hari (23%), karbohidrat 57% dan lemak 20 %, melalui oral berupa makanan biasa 1250 kkal, ONS glutamine 2.5g/hari, suplementasi 6 butir putih telur (protein 31,5g/hari), vitamin C 1g/24jam, vitamin A 6.000IU/12jam, vitamin B1-100mg, vitamin B6-200mg, vitamin B12-200mg, Zinc 50mg/24jam, selenium 55µg, Curcuma 400mg/8jam dan ekstrak ikan gabus 2 kapsul/8 jam. Setelah perawatan 30 hari, terjadi perbaikan dalam penyembuhan luka, peningkatan LLA menjadi 23,5cm, peningkatan hemoglobin 9.3g/dl, peningkatan sistem imun (TLC 2064/µL), peningkatan albumin 3.9g/dL. Kesimpulan Terapi nutrisi spesifik dengan protein 2 gr/kgBBI dapat meningkatkan kadar albumin dan mempercepat penyembuhan luka pada pasien luka bakar.

PEMBERIAN L-ALANYL L-GLUTAMYL DENGAN ASUPAN TINGGI PROTEIN PADA PASIEN LUKA BAKAR LISTRIK 48% DERAJAT II-III

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Margherita Suppini Sumardi ◽  
Nurpudji A. Taslim ◽  
A. Yasmin Syauki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Grade Ii

Luka bakar merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang paling sering ditemukan pada usia produktif. Data unit luka bakar rumah sakit di Indonesia menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan mortalitas. Pada luka bakar berat terjadi hipermetabolisme dan proteolisis yang tinggi sehingga diperlukan terapi nutrisi yang tepat dan dini. Dilaporkan kasus seorang laki-laki, 18 tahun dengan keluhan nafsu makan melalui oral menurun dengan diagnosis severe protein energy malnutrition, luka bakar listrik 48% grade II-III. Terapi nutrisi yang diberikan adalah diet energi 3350 kkal melalui oral dan parenteral dengan komposisi protein: karbohidrat: lemak = 14,3%: 50%: 35,7%. Diet dimulai dengan 40% lalu 80% dan 100% dari total energi (hari ke-III). Kebutuhan protein 2,0 g/kg/hari dengan suplementasi parenteral glutamin (13,46 g/hari). Suplementasi mikronutrien berupa zink 40 mg/24 jam, ekstrak ikan gabus 480 g/hari, vitamin B1 4 mg/8 jam, vitamin C 500 mg/12 jam, vitamin A 10.000 IU/24 jam. Perbaikan balans nitrogen dari -7,7 menjadi +5,36. Albumin dan protein total mengalami perbaikan dari 2, 4 g/dl menjadi 3,5 g/dl dan 6,8 g/dl menjadi 6,8 g/dl. Penyembuhan luka terjadi dengan baik (inflamasi-repair dan remodeling) selama tiga puluh tiga hari masa perawatan. Kesimpulan: suplementasi glutamin dengan asupan tinggi protein dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka, dan mencegah mortalitas pada pasien luka bakar berat.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Pembuatan Nugget Jantung Pisang Kepada Ibu-Ibu PKK Kelurahan Sukorejo Kabupaten Lamongan Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Novi Darmayanti ◽  
Isnaini Anniswati R ◽  
Nurul Fauziyah ◽  
Fitri Amelia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin B1

Keberadaan jantung pisang saat ini di anggap sampah bagi masyarakat , padahal jika kita menelusuri jantung pisang memiliki manfaat yang  luar biasa bagi kesehatan. Jantung pisang mengandung berbagai zat yang baik bagi kesehatan seperti flavonoid , protein, fosfor, mineral, kalsium, vitamin B1,vitamin C, kandungan serat yang cukup tinggi. Selain itu jantung pisang sangat aman di konsumsi bagi anda yang sedang menjalani program diet karena kandungan lemaknya sangat sedikit dan memberi rasa kenyang yang lebih lama. Kebanyakan masayarakat terutama ibu ibu rumah tangga menganggap remeh jantung pisang ini karena harganya yang sangat murah dan biasanya hanya di konsumsi oleh kalangan pedesaan. Jantung pisang berpotensi memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi apabila diolah secara baik dan benar serta dikemas secara menarik hingga menjadi suatu produk makanan. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan percobaan dengan memanfaatkan dan mengolah jantung pisang menggunakan satu buah jantung pisang yang dicampur dengan bumbualami. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dengan adanya pengolahan nugget dari jantung pisang tersebut adalah (1) menjadi peluang usaha bagi masyarakat pedesaan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi, (2) mengatasi permasalahan terkait limbah tanaman yang dapat mengotori dan mencemari lingkungan.   Kata Kunci: nugget, jantung pisang, limbah tanaman

scholarly journals Membangun Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Mewujudkan Manusia Indonesia yang Unggul dan Berkarakter

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Saefuddin
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Education System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Short Article ◽  
National Education ◽  
National Education System ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
University Level ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
Different Time Scales

COMMUNICATION Membangun Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Mewujudkan Manusia Indonesia yang Unggul dan Berkarakter Abstrak Tulisan pendek ini merupakan pemikiran awal yang dihasilkan dari pandangan penulis yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kondisi pendidikan di negeri ini dari tingkat dasar sampai perguruan tinggi. Tulisan ini menekankan bahwa pendidikan merupakan sebuah sistem yang kompleks yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari konteks politik, budaya dan ekonomi baik di tingkat lokal, nasional, regional, maupun internasional. Pendidikan sebagai suatu sistem kompleks, terdiri atas banyak komponen yang berinteraksi pada beberapa lapisan organisasi dan pada skala waktu yang berbeda. Kata Kunci: pendidikan, sistem kompleks Building a National Education System, Realize of indonesian people that Characterless and Excellence Abstract This short article is an initial thoughts resulting from the view of the author that aims to improve the state of education in this country from primary to university level. This paper emphasizes that education is a complex system that can not be separated from the political, cultural and economic at the local, national, regional, and international levels. Education as a complex system, consisting of many components that interact at multiple levels of the organization and at different time scales. Keywords: education, complex systems

INFLUENCE OF TAP WATER CONTAMINANTS ON THE COMPONENTS OF REDUCED WHEY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.К. ГОРЕЛКИНА ◽  
И.В. ТИМОЩУК ◽  
Н.С. БАГДОНАС
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Whey Beverages ◽  
Control Samples

Изучена стойкость нутриентов молокосырья – белков, лактозы, витаминов С и группы В, используемого в производстве сывороточных напитков в присутствии приоритетных органических контаминантов – трихлорэтилена, хлороформа и дихлорэтана, которые обладают токсическим и канцерогенным действием и образуются при хлорировании в процессе водоподготовки в воде, применяемой для производства восстановленных и рекомбинированных молочных продуктов. Содержание белков, лактозы в восстановленной сыворотке определяли методом рефрактометрии; водорастворимых витаминов – методом капиллярного электрофореза; хлороформа, трихлорэтилена и дихлорэтана – методом газожидкостной хроматографии. Установлено, что хлороформ в воде не оказывает влияния на сохранность лактозы, белков и витаминов при приготовлении восстановленной сыворотки. Отмечено снижение содержания белков сыворотки, приготовленной на воде в присутствии трихлорэтилена и дихлорэтана, на 11%, лактозы – на 32% в сравнении с контрольными образцами, произведенными на воде без органических контаминантов. Содержание витаминов в восстановленной молочной сыворотке в присутствии трихлорэтилена снизилось: С – на 19%, В1 – на 28%, В2 – на 53%, В6 – на 8%; для дихлорэтана содержание витаминов снизилось: С – на 17%, В1 – на 36%, В2 – на 38%, В6 – на 36% в сравнении с контрольными образцами без органических примесей. Теоретически обоснован механизм взаимодействия белков, лактозы, витаминов восстановленной сыворотки с трихлорэтиленом и дихлорэтаном. Предложено для предотвращения снижения качества готового продукта воду, используемую для производства сывороточных напитков, подвергать дополнительной очистке от галогенорганических контаминантов. The stability of milk raw materials’ nutrients – proteins, lactose, vitamins C and B used in the production of whey beverages in the presence of priority organic contaminants – trichloroethylene, chloroform and dichloroethane, which have a toxic and carcinogenic effect and are formed during chlorination during water treatment in water used for the production of reduced and recombined dairy products was studied. The content of proteins and lactose in the reduced serum was determined by refractometry; water-soluble vitamins – by capillary electrophoresis; chloroform, trichloroethylene and dichloroethane – by gas-liquid chromatography. It was found that chloroform in water does not affect the safety of lactose, proteins and vitamins in the preparation of reduced whey. There was a decrease in the content of serum proteins prepared in water in the presence of trichloroethylene and dichloroethane by 11%, and lactose – by 32% in comparison with control samples produced in water without organic contaminants. Vitamin C content in the recovered whey in the presence of trichloroethylene has declined by 19%, vitamin B1 – 28%, vitamin B2 – 53%, vitamin B6 – 8%; for dichloroethane content of vitamin C decreased by 17%, vitamin B1 – 36%, vitamin B2 – 38%, vitamin B6 – 36% in comparison with control samples without organic impurity. The mechanism of interaction of proteins, lactose, and reduced serum vitamins with trichloroethylene and dichloroethane is theoretically justified. Therefore, to prevent a decrease in the quality of the finished product, the water used for the production of whey beverages must first be subjected to additional purification from organohalogen contaminants.

scholarly journals Unconventional Myosins: How Regulation Meets Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Fili ◽  
Christopher P. Toseland
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Levels

Unconventional myosins are multi-potent molecular motors that are assigned important roles in fundamental cellular processes. Depending on their mechano-enzymatic properties and structural features, myosins fulfil their roles by acting as cargo transporters along the actin cytoskeleton, molecular anchors or tension sensors. In order to perform such a wide range of roles and modes of action, myosins need to be under tight regulation in time and space. This is achieved at multiple levels through diverse regulatory mechanisms: the alternative splicing of various isoforms, the interaction with their binding partners, their phosphorylation, their applied load and the composition of their local environment, such as ions and lipids. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how unconventional myosins are regulated, how these regulatory mechanisms can adapt to the specific features of a myosin and how they can converge with each other in order to ensure the required tight control of their function.

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