scholarly journals Advances in Molecular Genetics and Genomics of African Rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Peterson W. Wambugu ◽  
Marie-Noelle Ndjiondjop ◽  
Robert Henry
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
African Rice ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
Rice Improvement ◽  
Rice Genetic

African rice (Oryza glaberrima) has a pool of genes for resistance to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, making it an important genetic resource for rice improvement. African rice has potential for breeding for climate resilience and adapting rice cultivation to climate change. Over the last decade, there have been tremendous technological and analytical advances in genomics that have dramatically altered the landscape of rice research. Here we review the remarkable advances in knowledge that have been witnessed in the last few years in the area of genetics and genomics of African rice. Advances in cheap DNA sequencing technologies have fuelled development of numerous genomic and transcriptomic resources. Genomics has been pivotal in elucidating the genetic architecture of important traits thereby providing a basis for unlocking important trait variation. Whole genome re-sequencing studies have provided great insights on the domestication process, though key studies continue giving conflicting conclusions and theories. However, the genomic resources of African rice appear to be under-utilized as there seems to be little evidence that these vast resources are being productively exploited for example in practical rice improvement programmes. Challenges in deploying African rice genetic resources in rice improvement and the genomics efforts made in addressing them are highlighted.

scholarly journals Genetics and Genomics of African Rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) Domestication

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peterson W. Wambugu ◽  
Marie-Noelle Ndjiondjop ◽  
Robert Henry
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
African Rice ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
Made In

AbstractAfrican rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) is one of the two independently domesticated rice species, the other one being Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.). Despite major progress being made in understanding the evolutionary and domestication history of African rice, key outstanding issues remain controversial. There appears to be an underlying difficulty in identifying the domestication centre and number of times the crop has been domesticated. Advances in genomics have provided unprecedented opportunities for understanding the genetic architecture of domestication related traits. For most of the domestication traits, the underlying genes and mutations have been identified. Comparative analysis of domestication genes between Asian and African rice has revealed that the two species went through an independent but convergent evolution process. The genetic and developmental basis of some of the domestic traits are conserved not only between Asian and African rice but also with other domesticated crop species. Analysis of genome data and its interpretation is emerging as a major challenge facing studies of domestication in African rice as key studies continue giving contradictory findings and conclusions. Insights obtained on the domestication of this species are vital for guiding crop improvement efforts.

scholarly journals Frequency and management of medically actionable incidental findings from genome and exome sequencing data; A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Elfatih ◽  
Idris Mohammed ◽  
Doua Abdelrahman ◽  
Borbala Mifsud
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Clinical Genetics ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Genetics And Genomics

The application of whole genome/exome sequencing technologies in clinical genetics and research has resulted in the discovery of incidental findings unrelated to the primary purpose of genetic testing. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics published guidelines for reporting pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants that are deemed to be medically actionable, which allowed us to learn about the epidemiology of incidental findings in different populations. However, consensus guidelines for variant reporting and classification are still lacking. We conducted a systematic literature review of incidental findings in whole genome/exome sequencing studies to obtain a comprehensive understanding of variable reporting and classification methods for variants that are deemed to be medically actionable across different populations. The review highlights the elements that demand further consideration or adjustment.

scholarly journals The African Rice Oryza glaberrima Steud: Knowledge Distribution and Prospects

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Agnoun ◽  
Samadori S. H. Biaou ◽  
M. Sié ◽  
R. S. Vodouhè ◽  
A. Ahanchédé
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
African Rice

scholarly journals High-throughput phenotyping reveals a link between transpiration efficiency and transpiration restriction under high evaporative demand and new loci controlling water use-related traits in African rice, Oryza glaberrima Steud.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Affortit ◽  
Branly Effa Effa ◽  
Mame Sokhatil Ndoye ◽  
Daniel Moukouanga ◽  
Nathalie Luchaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
African Rice ◽  
Use Efficiency

Because water availability is the most important environmental factor limiting crop production, improving water use efficiency, the amount of carbon fixed per water used, is a major target for crop improvement. In rice, the genetic bases of transpiration efficiency, the derivation of water use efficiency at the whole-plant scale, and its putative component trait transpiration restriction under high evaporative demand, remain unknown. These traits were measured in a panel of 147 African rice Oryza glaberrima genotypes, known as potential sources of tolerance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our results reveal that higher transpiration efficiency is associated with transpiration restriction in African rice. Detailed measurements in a subset of highly differentiated genotypes confirmed these associations and suggested that the root to shoot ratio played an important role in transpiration restriction. Genome wide association studies identified marker-trait associations for transpiration response to evaporative demand, transpiration efficiency and its residuals, that links to genes involved in water transport and cell wall patterning. Our data suggest that root shoot partitioning is an important component of transpiration restriction that has a positive effect on transpiration efficiency in African rice. Both traits are heritable and define targets for breeding rice with improved water use strategies.

scholarly journals DNA methylation marks inter-nucleosome linker regions throughout the human genome

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Berman ◽  
Yaping Liu ◽  
Theresa K. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Ctcf Binding ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Cpg Dinucleotides ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Nucleosome Organization ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Sequencing Studies

Background: Nucleosome organization and DNA methylation are two mechanisms that are important for proper control of mammalian transcription, as well as epigenetic dysregulation associated with cancer. Whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing studies have found that methylation levels in the human genome show periodicities of approximately 190 bp, suggesting a genome-wide relationship between the two marks. A recent report (Chodavarapu et al., 2010) attributed this to higher methylation levels of DNA within nucleosomes. Here, we analyzed a number of published datasets and found a more compelling alternative explanation, namely that methylation levels are highest in linker regions between nucleosomes. Results: Reanalyzing the data from (Chodavarapu et al., 2010), we found that nucleosome-associated methylation could be strongly confounded by known sequence-related biases of the next-generation sequencing technologies. By accounting for these biases and using an unrelated nucleosome profiling technology, NOMe-seq, we found that genome-wide methylation was actually highest within linker regions occurring between nucleosomes in multi-nucleosome arrays. This effect was consistent among several methylation datasets generated independently using two unrelated methylation assays. Linker-associated methylation was most prominent within long Partially Methylated Domains (PMDs) and the positioned nucleosomes that flank CTCF binding sites. CTCF adjacent nucleosomes retained the correct positioning in regions completely devoid of CpG dinucleotides, suggesting that DNA methylation is not required for proper nucleosomes positioning. Conclusions: The biological mechanisms responsible for DNA methylation patterns outside of gene promoters remain poorly understood. We identified a significant genome-wide relationship between nucleosome organization and DNA methylation, which can be used to more accurately analyze and understand the epigenetic changes that accompany cancer and other diseases.

scholarly journals The complex geography of domestication of the African rice Oryza glaberrima

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e1007414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Choi ◽  
Maricris Zaidem ◽  
Rafal Gutaker ◽  
Katherine Dorph ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
African Rice

scholarly journals Genetic Biomonitoring and Biodiversity Assessment Using Portable Sequencing Technologies: Current Uses and Future Directions

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krehenwinkel ◽  
Pomerantz ◽  
Prost
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing

We live in an era of unprecedented biodiversity loss, affecting the taxonomic composition of ecosystems worldwide. The immense task of quantifying human imprints on global ecosystems has been greatly simplified by developments in high-throughput DNA sequencing technology (HTS). Approaches like DNA metabarcoding enable the study of biological communities at unparalleled detail. However, current protocols for HTS-based biodiversity exploration have several drawbacks. They are usually based on short sequences, with limited taxonomic and phylogenetic information content. Access to expensive HTS technology is often restricted in developing countries. Ecosystems of particular conservation priority are often remote and hard to access, requiring extensive time from field collection to laboratory processing of specimens. The advent of inexpensive mobile laboratory and DNA sequencing technologies show great promise to facilitate monitoring projects in biodiversity hot-spots around the world. Recent attention has been given to portable DNA sequencing studies related to infectious organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, yet relatively few studies have focused on applying these tools to Eukaryotes, such as plants and animals. Here, we outline the current state of genetic biodiversity monitoring of higher Eukaryotes using Oxford Nanopore Technology’s MinION portable sequencing platform, as well as summarize areas of recent development.

scholarly journals Sequence Variants Linked to Key Traits in Interspecific Crosses between African and Asian Rice

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Hayba Badro ◽  
Marie-Noelle Ndjiondjop ◽  
Agnelo Furtado ◽  
Robert Henry
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Synonymous Snps ◽  
African Rice ◽  
Asian Rice

Asian and African rice gene pools vary in many traits that are important in rice breeding. The genetic basis of these differences was evaluated by analysis of important agronomic traits in crosses between African and Asian rice. Trait-associated variants (TAVs) influencing three quantitative agronomic traits, heading date (Hd), tiller number at maturity (T), and 1000 grain weight (TGW), were identified by association analysis of crosses between Asian and African rice. Populations were developed by crossing WAB56-104 (Oryza sativa) and CG14 (Oryza glaberrima). DNA from plants with extremely high or low values for these phenotypes was bulked and sequenced. The reference genome of O. sativa cv Nipponbare was used in general association analysis and candidate gene analysis. A total of 5152 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 3564 genes distinguished the low and the high bulks for Hd, T, and TGW traits; 611 non-synonymous SNPs across 447 genes were found in KEGG pathways. Six non-synonymous SNPs were found in the sequences of LOC107275952, LOC4334529, LOC4326177, LOC107275432, LOC4335790, and LOC107275425 genes associated with Hd, T, and TGW traits. These genes were involved in: abscisic-acid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and cytokinin biosynthesis. Analysis of 24 candidate genes associated with Hd, T, and TGW traits showed seven non-synonymous variations in the sequence of Hd3a and Ehd2 from the Hd genes (not in a KEGG pathway), D10 and D53 from the T genes (strigolactones biosynthetic pathway), and Gn1a and GIF1 from the TGW genes (cytokinin biosynthetic and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways). This study identified significant differences in allele frequencies supported by high sequence depth in analysis of bulks displaying high and low values for these key traits. These trait-associated variants are likely to be useful in rice improvement.

scholarly journals A novel allele of the P-starvation tolerance gene OsPSTOL1 from African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) and its distribution in the genus Oryza

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pariasca-Tanaka ◽  
Joong Hyoun Chin ◽  
Khady Nani Dramé ◽  
Cheryl Dalid ◽  
Sigrid Heuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
African Rice ◽  
Starvation Tolerance ◽  
Genus Oryza ◽  
Tolerance Gene ◽  
Novel Allele
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