scholarly journals Mechanisms of Silicon-Mediated Amelioration of Salt Stress in Plants

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Soundararajan ◽  
Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Regulation Of Photosynthesis

Silicon (Si), the second most predominant element in the earth crust consists of numerous benefits to plant. Beneficial effect of Si has been apparently visible under both abiotic and biotic stress conditions in plants. Supplementation of Si improved physiology and yield on several important agricultural and horticultural crops. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect growth and yield. The presence of high concentration of salt in growing medium causes oxidative, osmotic, and ionic stresses to plants. In extreme conditions salinity affects soil, ground water, and limits agricultural production. Si ameliorates salt stress in several plants. The Si mediated stress mitigation involves various regulatory mechanisms such as photosynthesis, detoxification of harmful reactive oxygen species using antioxidant and non-antioxidants, and proper nutrient management. In the present review, Si mediated alleviation of salinity stress in plants through the regulation of photosynthesis, root developmental changes, redox homeostasis equilibrium, and regulation of nutrients have been dealt in detail.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Transglutaminase from Cucumber in Tobacco Increases Salt Tolerance through Regulation of Photosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhong ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yuemei Zhang ◽  
Sheng Shu ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
D1 And D2 Proteins ◽  
Regulation Of Photosynthesis

Transglutaminase (TGase) is a regulator of posttranslational modification of protein that provides physiological protection against diverse environmental stresses in plants. Nonetheless, the mechanisms of TGase-mediated salt tolerance remain largely unknown. Here, we found that the transcription of cucumber TGase (CsTGase) was induced in response to light and during leaf development, and the CsTGase protein was expressed in the chloroplast and the cell wall. The overexpression of the CsTGase gene effectively ameliorated salt-induced photoinhibition in tobacco plants, increased the levels of chloroplast polyamines (PAs) and enhanced the abundance of D1 and D2 proteins. TGase also induced the expression of photosynthesis related genes and remodeling of thylakoids under normal conditions. However, salt stress treatment reduced the photosynthesis rate, PSII and PSI related genes expression, D1 and D2 proteins in wild-type (WT) plants, while these effects were alleviated in CsTGase overexpression plants. Taken together, our results indicate that TGase-dependent PA signaling protects the proteins of thylakoids, which plays a critical role in plant response to salt stress. Thus, overexpression of TGase may be an effective strategy for enhancing resistance to salt stress of salt-sensitive crops in agricultural production.

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

Recognition Pattern, Functional Mechanism and Application of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (29) ◽  
pp. 3508-3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Jia ◽  
Mijanur R. Rajib ◽  
Heng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Recognition Pattern ◽  
Functional Mechanism ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Further Development

Background: Application of chitin attracts much attention in the past decades as the second abundant polysaccharides in the world after cellulose. Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) and its deacetylated derivative chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) were shown great potentiality in agriculture by enhancing plant resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses, promoting plant growth and yield, improving fruits quality and storage, etc. Those applications have already served huge economic and social benefits for many years. However, the recognition mode and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS on plants have gradually revealed just in recent years. Objective: Recognition pattern and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS in plant together with application status of COS in agricultural production will be well described in this review. By which we wish to promote further development and application of CTOS and COS–related products in the field.

Effect of Integration of Fertilizers and FYM on Productivity and Soil Health of Rainfed Potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. YADAV ◽  
A. K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
T. K. BAG
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers

A field trial was conducted during two consecutive summer seasons of2012 and 2013 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Shillong, Meghalaya to evaluate the integration of nutrient sources on productivity and soil health under rainfed potato cultivation in north eastern hill region of India. There were six treatments of integrated nutrient management viz., 100% Recommended dose of fertilizers,75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers and 25% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through FYM, 50% RDF and 50% RDN through FYM, 25% RDF and 75% RDN through FYM, 100% RDN through FYM and control (no application of any sources of nutrients). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Nutrient management practices showed the significant improvement on growth and yield attributes of potato over control plot. Highest productivity of potato tubers (t/ha) was noticed with application of 75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers along with 25% RDN through FYM. Similarly, the maximum net return was associated with application of 75% RDF and 25% RDN through FYM under investigation. Application of 75% Recommended dose of nutrients through synthetic fertilizers in combination with 25% Recommended dose of nitrogen through FYM was more profitable for sustainable production of potato in the north eastern hill region of India.

scholarly journals Thiourea and hydrogen peroxide priming improved K+ retention and source-sink relationship for mitigating salt stress in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Pandey ◽  
Radha Krishna Paladi ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Penna Suprasanna
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Redox Environment ◽  
Source Sink

AbstractPlant bioregulators (PBRs) represent low-cost chemicals for boosting plant defense, especially under stress conditions. In the present study, redox based PBRs such as thiourea (TU; a non-physiological thiol-based ROS scavenger) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a prevalent biological ROS) were assessed for their ability to mitigate NaCl stress in rice variety IR 64. Despite their contrasting redox chemistry, TU or H2O2 supplementation under NaCl [NaCl + TU (NT) or NaCl + H2O2 (NH)] generated a reducing redox environment in planta, which improved the plant growth compared with those of NaCl alone treatment. This was concomitant with better K+ retention and upregulated expression of NaCl defense related genes including HAK21, LEA1, TSPO and EN20 in both NT and NH treated seedlings. Under field conditions, foliar applications of TU and H2O2, at vegetative growth, pre-flowering and grain filling stages, increased growth and yield attributes under both control and NaCl stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed glutathione reductase dependent reduced ROS accumulation in source (flag leaves) and sucrose synthase mediated sucrose catabolism in sink (developing inflorescence), as the key variables associated with NT and NH mediated effects, respectively. In addition, photosystem-II efficiency, K+ retention and source-sink relationship were also improved in TU and H2O2 treated plants. Taken together, our study highlights that reducing redox environment acts as a central regulator of plant’s tolerance responses to salt stress. In addition, TU and H2O2 are proposed as potential redox-based PBRs for boosting rice productivity under the realistic field conditions.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of soybean with the application of Bradyrhyzobium inoculant via furrow and seed

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Santiel Alves Vieira Neto ◽  
Fábio Ribeiro Pires ◽  
João Carlos Madalão ◽  
Douglas Gomes Viana ◽  
Carlos César Evangelista de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Given the high costs of agricultural production, especially due to the price of fertilisers, particularly nitrogen, the use of inoculants to supply nitrogen to soybean crops is a widely recommended practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying inoculants through seed and planting furrow in soil previously cultivated with soybean and Brazilian native “cerrado” biome soil under greenhouse conditions. Seven treatments were tested: 1) inoculation via seed (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), 2) treatment via seed (fungicide + micronutrient), 3) control (only seed), 4) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 (recommended dose), 5) inoculation via furrow-dose 2 (twice the recommended dose), 6) inoculation via furrow-dose 3 (three times the recommended dose) and 7) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry matter weight of the aerial part and nodules, number of total, viable and non-viable nodules, number of pods per plant and grain yield. Inoculation was more effective when used in cerrado soil, but soybean performance in treatments without inoculation was higher in previously cultivated soil. Application through furrow proved to be a viable practice due to the similarity of the results obtained with the traditional application by seed.

Effect of Organic Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Brahmbhatt ◽  
S.K. Acharya ◽  
G.S. Patel ◽  
Chirag Thakar ◽  
N.R. Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Organic Nutrient

Background: Organic production of cluster bean is to contribute to the enhancement of production sustainability along with ecology. Sustainability in organic farming must therefore be seen in a holistic sense, which includes ecological, economic and social aspects. A synergistic effectof bio fertilizer with crop increases the crop productivity and sustainability also. Bio fertilizers are low cost, effective and renewable sources of plant nutrients to supplement chemical fertilizers. Therfore to overcome the ill effect of chemical based farming, organic system is becoming the emerging need of the society.Methods: A field experiment ’’was carried out in Pusa Navbahar variety of clusterbean during summer season (February to May) of 2019 at College farm, College of Horticulture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Jagudan, Dist. Mehsana, Gujarat, India. Sixteen treatments having various combinations of organic sources of nutrients (FYM, vermicompost, and neem cake), bio fertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB + KSM) along with RDF (20/40/0 kg/ha) as a control. They were replicated thrice in a randomized block design having a plot size of 3.0 m × 2.0 m with a spacing of 60 cm × 20 cm. Standard practices were followed during the entire course of the investigation.Result: It showed highly significant differences among different treatments for majority of the growth and yield attributing traits, but treatment T6 (75% N through FYM + Rhizobium + PSB + KSM) was rated as the best treatment for characters like days taken for germination, number of root nodules per plant, plant height at 60 DAS (cm), number of pod per cluster, number of cluster per plant, green pod yield per plant (g), green pod yield per plot (kg) and green pod yield per hectare (kg) as compared to other treatment. It can be concluded that the organic nutrient management in cluster bean with the application of 75% N through FYM + Rhizobium + PSB + KSM is beneficial for obtaining a higher yield.

Irrigation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract Crop production in many regions has been reliant on irrigation for almost as long as man has been cultivating plant life. For 6000 years, irrigation has ranked among the most powerful tools of human advancement (Postel, 1999), and by the start of the 21st century no less than 75% of the world's fresh water was in use for agricultural production (Levy and Coleman, 2014). In 2012, twenty percent of total cultivated land was under irrigation, contributing forty percent of the total food production worldwide, this represented 275 million hectares under actual irrigation with a total of 324 million hectares equipped for irrigation (FAO, 2016). Irrigation, which can be defined as 'the artificial application of water to land, soil or other growing medium for the purposes of crop growth', has become a global issue in more recent times as the increasing demand for fresh water has seen problems develop with water scarcity, quality issues and conflict over usage.

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