scholarly journals The Essential Oil of Thymbra capitata and its Application as A Biocide on Stone and Derived Surfaces

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Gagliano Candela ◽  
Filippo Maggi ◽  
Giuseppe Lazzara ◽  
Sergio Rosselli ◽  
Maurizio Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Invasive Capacity ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Many chemicals used nowadays for the preservation of cultural heritage pose a risk to both human health and the environment. Thus, it is desirable to find new and eco-friendly biocides that can replace the synthetic ones. In this regard, plant essential oils represent effective alternatives to synthetic substances for the preservation of historical monuments. Thymbra capitata (syn. Thymus capitatus) is a medicinal and aromatic plant growing in the Mediterranean area and endowed with important pharmacological properties related to its essential oil. Among them, the antimicrobial ones make the T. capitata essential oil an ideal candidate for industrial applications; for instance, as biocide for the inhibition and elimination of biological patinas of cyanobacteria and green algae on historical monuments. In the present work, we studied the chemical composition of the essential oil from T. capitata growing in Malta by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major volatile component is the phenolic monoterpene carvacrol (73.2%), which is capable of damaging the cytoplasmic membrane and to interfere both in the growth curve and in the invasive capacity, though the contribution of minor components γ-terpinene and p-cymene cannot be disregarded. For the oil application on the stone surface, Pickering emulsions systems were prepared with an essential oil/water 1:3 mass ratio stabilized with kaolinite at 4 mass% in the presence of Laponite®; this allowed to limit the fast volatility of the oil and guaranteed a better application and an easier removal from the artefacts attacked by biodeteriogens both indoor and outdoor. This formulation caused the elimination of biodeteriogens from treated surfaces without residuals or films on artworks surface, and the effect was retained up to four months.

scholarly journals GC-MS analysis of volatiles in cinnamon essential oil extracted by different methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
T. Yu ◽  
H. Yao ◽  
S. Qi ◽  
J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Cinnamic Aldehyde ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Cinnamon Essential Oil

Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) was extracted by three different methods: steam distillation (SD), ultrasound-assisted steam distillation (UASD) and microwave-assisted steam distillation (MASD). The volatiles in CEO were separated and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the differences in volatiles among the three different methods were further analyzed through principal component analysis. The results showed that 36 individual volatile components were present in the CEO from the three different methods. In general, the numbers of aldehydes, esters, alcohols, terpenes, aromatics and ketones were 6, 3, 7, 17, 2, and 1, respectively. The most abundant volatile component was determined to be cinnamic aldehyde. The content of total cinnamic aldehydes, which determines the price of CEO, was the highest among the three methods in the UASD sample (85.633%). Moreover, the highest yield (8.33‰) of essential oil was extracted by the UASD method. Therefore, UASD was the best way for CEO extraction in this research and was recommended for future industrial applications.

scholarly journals GC/MS and HPTLC-based Methods of Comparison among Standard and Different Commercial Samples of Ferula gummosa Boiss

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11077-11087
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spot Pattern ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Different Parts

Ferula gummosa (Apiaceae) Boiss. as a valuable herbal medicine possesses various medical and industrial applications. The oleo-gum resin of F. gummosa, called Galbanum, holds several biological activities for its numerous terpenoid compounds. This study has been conducted on quality control of the F. gummosa oleo-gum resin prepared from standard plants, and commercial samples belong to different parts of Iran. For this purpose, essential oil and dichloromethane extracts and standard fruit essential oil were obtained and evaluated by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Moreover, all dichloromethane oleo-gum resin samples (Standards and commercials) were qualitatively analyzed by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Based on the GC/MS analysis, β-Pinene, δ-3-Carene and, α-Pinene in standard and β-Pinene, α-Pinene and, δ-3-Carene in essential oil, commercial samples were recognized as major compounds, respectively. The GC/MS analysis indicates that all commercial oleo-gum resin samples may obtain from the rhizome except one of them. The HPTLC analysis also revealed that the same spot pattern in all samples might be related to the major resin constituents. However, the source of oleo-gum resin could not be clarifying. Based on the results, both GC/FID and HPTLC analysis are useful methods for quality control of oleo-gum resin. The plant part used for oleo-resin extraction can be recognized via the percentage of essential compounds in it.

scholarly journals Characterization and physico-chemical analysis of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
R.F. Olayemi ◽  
I.O. Jawonisi ◽  
J.A. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Physico Chemical

The genus Cymbopogon is important from the point of view of their essential oils. Essential oils from these species are widely used in flavours, fragrances, cosmetics, soaps, detergents and perfumery owing to their typical lemon-like aroma. Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR).The oil was also subjected to physico-chemical analysis, the physical and chemical properties evaluated were Boiling point (74oC), Specific gravity (0.8960), Refractive index (1.4838) and pH (6.00) at 25oC. Saponification value(109.76) and Acid value (0.55) mg KOH/g oil. Iodine value (100g of I2/g oil) 105, Ester value (189.21), Residue on evaporation (10%) at 100oC.The chemical composition of the essential oil analyzed by GC-MS showed citral (31.1%), β-Myrcene (14.2%), citronellal  (9.8%), limonene  oxide (7.7%), eraniol (7.3%) and linalool (6.2%) as the major compounds. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of n-alkane, conjugated alkene, primary amide, amine, aldehyde, primary and secondary alcohols. The results obtained from the physico-chemical parameters, and functional groups identified by FTIR as well as the compounds identified by GC-MS revealed that the oil has medicinal and nutritive values as well as industrial applications in the pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetic industries .Keywords: Characterization, Citral, Cymbopogon citratus, Essential oil, FTIR, GC-MS

Efficacy of Plant Essential Oils on Postharvest Control of Rots Caused by Fungi on Different Stone Fruits In Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORGE GIOVANNY LOPEZ-REYES ◽  
DAVIDE SPADARO ◽  
AMBRA PRELLE ◽  
ANGELO GARIBALDI ◽  
MARIA LODOVICA GULLINO
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

The antifungal activity of plant essential oils was evaluated as postharvest treatment on stone fruit against brown rot and grey mold rot of stone fruit caused by Monilinia laxa and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. The essential oils from basil (Ocimum basilicum), fennel (Foeniculum sativum), lavender (Lavandula officinalis), marjoram (Origanum majorana), oregano (Origanum vulgare), peppermint (Mentha piperita), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis), savory (Satureja montana), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and wild mint (Mentha arvensis) were tested at two different concentrations on apricots (cv. Kyoto and cv. Tonda di Costigliole), nectarines (cv. Big Top and cv. Nectaross) and plums (cv. Italia and cv. TC Sun). The volatile composition of the essential oils tested was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The treatments containing essential oils from oregano, savory, and thyme at 1% (vol/vol) controlled both B. cinerea and M. laxa growing on apricots cv. Tonda di Costigliole and plums cv. Italia and cv. TC Sun; however, the same treatments were phytotoxic for the carposphere of nectarines cv. Big Top and cv. Nectaross. Treatments with 10% (vol/vol) essential oils were highly phytotoxic, notwithstanding their efficacy against the pathogens tested. The essential oils containing as major components α-pinene, p-cymene, carvacrol, and thymol showed similar results on stone fruit, so their antimicrobial activity and the phytotoxicity produced could be based on the concentration of their principal compounds and their synergistic activity. The efficacy of the essential oil treatments on control of fungal pathogens in postharvest depended on the fruit cultivar, the composition and concentration of the essential oil applied, and the length of storage.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) Berries Essential Oils as Observed in a Collection of Genotypes

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Usai ◽  
Mauro Marchetti ◽  
Nicola Culeddu ◽  
Maurizio Mulas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Myrtus Communis L

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) is a shrub spontaneously growing in the Mediterranean area. The leaf and fruit content of essential oils and phenolic compounds justify the wide use of the plant as medicinal and aromatic. Because of overexploitation of wild plants, a domestication process is in progress in different regions and the influence of the genotype variability on the chemical composition of fruit essential oils may be useful to breeding programs. Consequently, the analysis performed on a selected group of candidate clones growing in the same field collection in Sardinia is the object of this report. Forty-seven selections provided fully ripe fruits for essential oil extraction by hydrodistillation and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Only five candidate clones showed white fruits. The highest yield of essential oil was observed in the LAC31 genotype with 0.55 g·kg−1, while the samples BOS1, MON5, RUM4, RUM10, V4 and V8 showed values above 0.20 g·kg−1 and most of the genotypes under 0.10 g·kg−1. Geranyl acetate was the compound with the highest relative abundance. The second compound for relative abundance was the 1,8-cineole. Other compounds with high relative abundance were α-terpinyl acetate, methyleugenol, linalool, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, Trans-caryophyllene oxide, and humulene epoxide II.

Medicinal Plants: Antibacterial Effects and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Foroughi ◽  
Pouya Pournaghi ◽  
Fariba Najafi ◽  
Akram Zangeneh ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Screen Test ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare

Medicinal plants are considered modern resources for producing agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in demeanor of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was done to specify chemical composion. As a screen test to detect antibacterial properties of the essential oil, agar disk and agar well diffusion methods were employed. Macrobroth tube test was performed to determinate MIC. The results indicated that the most substance found in FV essential oil was Trans-anethole (47.41 %), also the essential oil of FV with 0.007 g/ml concentration has prevented P. aeruginosa and with 0.002 g/ml concentration has prevented B. subtilis from the growth. Thus, the research represents the antibacterial effects of the medical herb on test P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. We believe that the article provide support to the antibacterial properties of the essential oil. The results indicate the fact that the essential oil from the plant can be useful as medicinal or preservatives composition.

Comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Tatyana Shcheglova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Medical University

The article presents results of the study of a comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.), growing in the Botanical Garden of the First Moscow State Medical University named after Sechenov. The studies were carried out using gas chromatography– mass spectrometry. Qualitative and quantitative difference in the component composition of the essential oil obtained from fresh and dried raw materials was determined as a result of the study.

scholarly journals Identification of VOCs in essential oils extracted using ultrasound- and microwave-assisted methods from sweet cherry flower

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Hongguang Yan ◽  
Quan Li ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Xiaopeng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

AbstractThe floral fragrance of plants is an important indicator in their evaluation. The aroma of sweet cherry flowers is mainly derived from their essential oil. In this study, based on the results of a single-factor experiment, a Box–Behnken design was adopted for ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil from sweet cherry flowers of the Brooks cultivar. With the objective of extracting the maximum essential oil yield (w/w), the optimal extraction process conditions were a liquid–solid ratio of 52 mL g−1, an extraction time of 27 min, and a microwave power of 435 W. The essential oil yield was 1.23%, which was close to the theoretical prediction. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the sweet cherry flowers of four cultivars (Brooks, Black Pearl, Tieton and Summit) were identified via headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results showed that a total of 155 VOCs were identified and classified in the essential oil from sweet cherry flowers of four cultivars, 65 of which were shared among the cultivars. The highest contents of VOCs were aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and esters. Ethanol, linalool, lilac alcohol, acetaldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide were the major volatiles, which were mainly responsible for the characteristic aroma of sweet cherry flowers. It was concluded that the VOCs of sweet cherry flowers were qualitatively similar; however, relative content differences were observed in the four cultivars. This study provides a theoretical basis for the metabolism and regulation of the VOCs of sweet cherry flowers.

scholarly journals Enhanced Production of Photosynthetic Pigments and Various Metabolites and Lipids in the Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 7338 Culture in the Presence of Exogenous Glucose

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
YuJin Noh ◽  
Hwanhui Lee ◽  
Myeongsun Kim ◽  
Seong-Joo Hong ◽  
Hookeun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Nanoelectrospray Ionization ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Synechocystis Sp

Synechocystis strains are cyanobacteria that can produce useful biomaterials for biofuel and pharmaceutical resources. In this study, the effects of exogenous glucose (5-mM) on cell growth, photosynthetic pigments, metabolites, and lipids in Synechocystis sp. PCC 7338 (referred to as Synechocystis 7338) were investigated. Exogenous glucose increased cell growth on days 9 and 18. The highest production (mg/L) of chlorophyll a (34.66), phycocyanin (84.94), allophycocyanin (34.28), and phycoerythrin (6.90) was observed on day 18 in Synechocystis 7338 culture under 5-mM glucose. Alterations in metabolic and lipidomic profiles under 5-mM glucose were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and nanoelectrospray ionization-MS. The highest production (relative intensity/L) of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycerol-3-phosphate, linolenic acid, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) 16:0/18:1, MGDG 16:0/20:2, MGDG 18:1/18:2, neophytadiene, oleic acid, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 16:0/16:0, and PG 16:0/17:2 was achieved on day 9. The highest production of pyroglutamic acid and sucrose was observed on day 18. We suggest that the addition of exogenous glucose to Synechocystis 7338 culture could be an efficient strategy for improving growth of cells and production of photosynthetic pigments, metabolites, and intact lipid species for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Multi-Oxygenated Organic Compounds in Fine Particulate Matter Collected in the Western Mediterranean Area

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Esther Borrás ◽  
Luis Antonio Tortajada-Genaro ◽  
Francisco Sanz ◽  
Amalia Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid

The chemical characterization of aerosols, especially fine organic fraction, is a relevant atmospheric challenge because their composition highly depends on localization. Herein, we studied the concentration of multi-oxygenated organic compounds in the western Mediterranean area, focusing on sources and the effect of air patterns. The organic aerosol fraction ranged 3–22% of the total organic mass in particulate matter (PM)2.5. Seventy multi-oxygenated organic pollutants were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, including n-alkanones, n-alcohols, anhydrosugars, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and keto-derivatives. The highest concentrations were found for carboxylic acids, such as linoleic acid, tetradecanoic acid and, palmitic acid. Biomarkers for vegetation sources, such as levoglucosan and some fatty acids were detected at most locations. In addition, carboxylic acids from anthropogenic sources—mainly traffic and cooking—have been identified. The results indicate that the organic PM fraction in this region is formed mainly from biogenic pollutants, emitted directly by vegetation, and from the degradation products of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic pollutants. Moreover, the chemical profile suggested that this area is interesting for aerosol studies because several processes such as local costal breezes, industrial emissions, and desert intrusions affect fine PM composition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document