scholarly journals Plant Development and Organogenesis: From Basic Principles to Applied Research

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Giovanna Frugis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Overall Performance

The way plants grow and develop organs significantly impacts the overall performance and yield of crop plants. The basic knowledge now available in plant development has the potential to help breeders in generating plants with defined architectural features to improve productivity. Plant translational research effort has steadily increased over the last decade, due to the huge increase in the availability of crop genomic resources and Arabidopsis-based sequence annotation systems. However, a consistent gap between fundamental and applied science has yet to be filled. One critical point is often the unreadiness of developmental biologists on one side, to foresee agricultural applications for their discoveries, and of the breeders on the other, to exploit gene function studies to apply candidate gene approaches when advantageous. In this Special Issue, developmental biologists and breeders make a special effort to reconcile research on basic principles of plant development and organogenesis with its applications to crop production and genetic improvement. Fundamental and applied science contributions interwine and chase each other, giving the reader different but complementary perpectives from only apparently distant corners of the same world.

scholarly journals A review of the soil science research legacy of the triumvirate of cotton CRC

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Damien J. Field
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Environmental Implications

For nearly two decades (1994–2012) a series of three consecutive Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) dealing with cotton production provided the impetus and financial support for a substantial body of soil science research in eastern and northern Australia. Focusing on the most commonly utilised soil for irrigated crop production, the Vertosol, CRC-affiliated soil researchers undertook detailed soil inventories of cotton-growing valleys in New South Wales, and tackled a range of applied soil research questions that faced the entire Australian cotton industry. Across the broad categories of soil mapping and characterisation, soil physical condition, salinity and sodicity, soil chemical fertility, and soil carbon and biota, some 120 CRC-affiliated research papers were published in peer-reviewed journals during the years of the CRC. Findings from this body of research were fed back to the industry through conferences, extension workshops and materials, and to a lesser extent, the peer-reviewed publications. In certain cases, underpinning basic research was carried out concurrently with the more applied research, meaning that the cotton CRC were effectively supporting advances in the discipline of soil science, as well as in sustainable cotton production. A feature of the soil research portfolio over the span of the three cotton CRC was that priorities shifted according to the interplay of three factors; the natural maturation of research topics and the concomitant evolution of cotton farming systems, the rising importance of environmental implications of agricultural land use, and the emergence of carbon as a national research priority. Furthermore, the commitment of the CRC to education resulted in the involvement of undergraduate and postgraduate university students in all aspects of the soil research effort. A legacy of the triumvirate of cotton CRC is a wide-ranging body of both applied and basic knowledge regarding the physical, chemical and biological attributes of Australian Vertosols used for irrigated agriculture.

Biotelemetry and Computer Analysis of Electrocardiograms

1969 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Amlinger
Keyword(s):  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
Medical Program

Routine transmission of electrocardiograms and their computer interpretation via long-distance telephone lines has been proven feasible in the Automated Electrocardiogram Project of the Missouri Regional Medical Program. Though this Pilot Project — the first on a state-wide basis — is still viewed as an applied research effort rather than a service, such biotelemetry is rapidly gaining acceptance as a medium to bring modern medicine, through modern technology, to urban and remote rural areas as well, where it is most needed.The computer executes all the wave measuraments and calculations with incredible speed. It takes over a most boring, repetitive part of the physician’s work. However, it can only follow the instructions of the diagnostic program, compiled by expert cardiologists. Thus, it is an ever-ready, never-tiring servant for the physician and his patients.

scholarly journals A Review of Alternative Management Tactics Employed for the Control of Various Cockroach Species (Order: Blattodea) in the USA

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Ameya D. Gondhalekar ◽  
Arthur G. Appel ◽  
Gretchen M. Thomas ◽  
Alvaro Romero
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Alternative Tactics ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

Effective control of domestic and peridomestic cockroaches requires integrated approaches that emphasize concurrent use of chemicals with alternative control tactics. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is particularly justified in environments where satisfactory cockroach control cannot be achieved due to multiple factors including development of insecticide aversion and resistance in some cockroach species, and poor sanitation or structural issues that foster infestations. While a flurry of research effort has been devoted to study alternative tactics for cockroach control, only a few of them have been evaluated in the context of IPM programs. This review focuses on examining studies on alternative tactics that are proven efficacious, economical, and logistically feasible for their inclusion in IPM programs for important domestic and peridomestic cockroaches in the USA. Management programs that educate the public on cockroach biology, behavior, and the importance of sanitation; use of traps to monitor infestation levels; apply targeted low impact insecticides such as baits, have demonstrated a greater success for effective and sustainable control of cockroaches when compared to an insecticide-only approach. Incorporation of other alternative control methods to IPM programs will require more applied research that validates their use in real-world scenarios and demonstrates their cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Detection of Banana Plants Using Multi-Temporal Multispectral UAV Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2123
Author(s):  
Aaron Aeberli ◽  
Kasper Johansen ◽  
Andrew Robson ◽  
David Lamb ◽  
Stuart Phinn
Keyword(s):  
Template Matching ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Rule Set ◽  
Geographic Object

Unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly commonplace in aiding planning and management decisions in agricultural and horticultural crop production. The ability of UAV-based sensing technologies to provide high spatial (<1 m) and temporal (on-demand) resolution data facilitates monitoring of individual plants over time and can provide essential information about health, yield, and growth in a timely and quantifiable manner. Such applications would be beneficial for cropped banana plants due to their distinctive growth characteristics. Limited studies have employed UAV data for mapping banana crops and to our knowledge only one other investigation features multi-temporal detection of banana crowns. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of multiple-date UAV-captured multi-spectral data for the automated detection of individual plants using convolutional neural network (CNN), template matching (TM), and local maximum filter (LMF) methods in a geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) software framework coupled with basic classification refinement. The results indicate that CNN returns the highest plant detection accuracies, with the developed rule set and model providing greater transferability between dates (F-score ranging between 0.93 and 0.85) than TM (0.86–0.74) and LMF (0.86–0.73) approaches. The findings provide a foundation for UAV-based individual banana plant counting and crop monitoring, which may be used for precision agricultural applications to monitor health, estimate yield, and to inform on fertilizer, pesticide, and other input requirements for optimized farm management.

Greenhouse Solar Thermal Application

2013 ◽  
pp. 462-479
Author(s):  
Tribeni Das ◽  
Ganesh C Bora
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Solar Thermal Applications ◽  
Flat Plate Collector ◽  
Work Done

This chapter includes brief description of different solar thermal applications of greenhouse structure based on the different research work done in this area. It provides the basic knowledge of the use of solar energy to increase the production of different agricultural products using greenhouse system, e.g., crop production and drying of agricultural products. The chapter includes the introduction of greenhouse system, the definition, the concept, and the importance of greenhouse technology. The uses of various solar thermal applications in different greenhouse systems such as flat plate collector in greenhouse fish pond system and application of photovoltaic system in greenhouse drying are covered in this chapter.

Research Methodology

2019 ◽  
pp. 564-578
Author(s):  
Swati C. Jagdale ◽  
Rahul U. Hude ◽  
Aniruddha R. Chabukswar
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Basic Principles

Research is a logical and systematic approach to investigate or find solutions to scientific and social problems. The research is primarily carried out to discover new facts, to verify and test important facts, and to analyze an event or process. Research is carried out with the help of study, experiment, observation, analysis, comparison, and reasoning. Research is important both in scientific and nonscientific fields. There are two types of research: basic and applied. Basic research is an investigation on basic principles and reasons for occurrence of a particular event or process or phenomenon. Applied research solves certain problems employing well-known and accepted theories and principles. The research process is carried out through series of steps. Research methods are the various procedures, schemes, and algorithms used in research. The research methodology is a systematic way to solve a problem. It is a science of studying how research is to be carried out.

The Army Operator Workload (OWL) Program: Review and Prospects

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 1471-1475
Author(s):  
Richar E. Christ ◽  
Allen L. Zaklad ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Susan G. Hill ◽  
Paul M. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Program Review ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Army Research Institute ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Operator Workload

The Operator Workload (OWL) Program is a just-completed, three-year, basic and applied research effort sponsored by the Army Research Institute (ARI). As part of the Army's research thrust into workload, the OWL Program was directed to establish guidance for the assessment of OWL associated with the operation of Army systems. Its intent was to identify and integrate the most relevant of workload research into a set of practicable workload assessment methods for Army developers, and then apply and validate these methods on selected Army systems. Lessons learned from OWL studies of these systems formed the basis for guidance for Army system developers. This paper overviews the objectives, the accomplishments, and the future prospects of the OWL Program.

scholarly journals Allah’s Wondrous Creatures, the Holy Qur’an and Technological Inventions: Ultrasound Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayatullah Shah Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Ultrasonic Signals ◽  
Ultimate Source ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Ultrasound Signals ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

Allah (s.w.t) has created innumerable distinct creatures and mentioned to us about their special qualities through His revelation. The Qur’an is the ultimate source of guidance for its followers for all aspects of life including science. If one is to study nature scientifically there are countless observable facts that are parallel to the teachings of Islam. One of these facts is echolocation found in bats and dolphins. These animals generate ultrasonic signals and detect the echoes reflected back to them to map out their environment and catch prey. Modern health sciences have already adopted this phenomenon in the form of ultrasound imaging for diagnosis of certain diseases. However, there is room for improvement in the overall performance of this technique. This article highlights the technological developments directly inspired by nature i.e., crawfish/crayfish and relates echolocation characteristics of bats and dolphins with basic principles of ultrasound imaging. In-depth studies on the echolocation properties of these creatures can lead to further improvement in the current ultrasound imaging technique. Such as; the construction of a transducer which simultaneously generates multi-frequency ultrasound signals and development of new interpreting software. Moreover, reading verses of the Holy Qur’an heartily and enthusiastically will lead to the development of innovative ideas that can be translated into reality and applied for the betterment of humankind.

scholarly journals Fenología del cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L. var. Santa Isabel) en la sabana de Bogotá en campo abierto y bajo cubierta plástica

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Julio Ricardo Galindo Pacheco ◽  
Jairo Clavijo Porras
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes

<p>La valoración del efecto del ambiente en el desarrollo de los cultivos es importante para la determinación de zonas aptas y la planificación de la producción. En esta investigación se realizaron cuatro ensayos para evaluar el desarrollo de las plantas de arveja (<em>Pisum sativum </em>L.) variedad Santa Isabel en condiciones de la sabana de Bogotá, Colombia, (2640 msnm, 14°C, 80% H.R., 800 mm de lluvia anual), tema sobre el cual no hay información. Se realizaron dos ensayos bajo cubierta plástica (21°C ± 2,5°C, promedio ± DE) y dos a campo abierto (13,9°C ± 1,2°C). Se evaluó el tiempo de la siembra a la emergencia, la tasa de aparición de nudos en el tallo principal, el inicio de la floración, la duración del ciclo de la siembra hasta la cosecha, el número de nudos totales en la cosecha y el número de nudos con flor. Se encontró que la temperatura bajo cubierta plástica aceleró en 10 días la emergencia de las plantas y redujo el filocrón de 3,05 a 2,72 días/nudo, lo cual a su vez adelantó el momento de floración y cosecha entre 15 y 20 días. La tasa de aparición de nudos no varió significativamente por el cambio de la fase vegetativa a reproductiva. Los resultados contribuyeron a respaldar el modelo dentado de desarrollo vegetal en función de la temperatura para arveja, según el cual el crecimiento es máximo en un rango de temperatura óptima, que se sugiere está entre los 14°C y 21°C. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Phenology of pea crop (</strong><strong><em>Pisum sativum </em></strong><strong>L. var. Santa Isabel) in the Bogotá plateau at open field and under plastic cover</strong> </p><p>The assessment of environment effects on plant development is important to identify suitable zones and schedule crop production. In this research, plant development of pea (<em>Pisum sativum </em>L. var. Santa Isabel) was evaluated under Bogotá flat highland, Colombia, environmental conditions (2640 m over sea level, 14°C, 80% R.H., rainfall of 800 mm/year). Two experiments were done under plastic cover (21°C ± 2,5°C, mean ± SD), and two at open field (13,9 ± 1,2°C). Following variables were evaluated: time to emergence, cycle duration from sowing to harvest, total nude number at harvest and flowering nude number at harvest. It was shown that temperature under plastic cover accelerate plant emergency in 10 days and reduce phyllochron from 3,05 to 2,72 day/node, so the flowering time was accelerated between 15 and 20 days. Node rate appearance did not change from the vegetative to reproductive stage. The results confirm the dent-like model of pea plant growth responses to temperature regimes, so the crop growth had a maximum at a plateau in a temperature range which could be between 14°C and 21°C. </p>

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