scholarly journals Circadian Network Interactions with Jasmonate Signaling and Defense

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Thines ◽  
Emily V. Parlan ◽  
Elena C. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Clock Proteins ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Ja Signaling

Plants experience specific stresses at particular, but predictable, times of the day. The circadian clock is a molecular oscillator that increases plant survival by timing internal processes to optimally match these environmental challenges. Clock regulation of jasmonic acid (JA) action is important for effective defenses against fungal pathogens and generalist herbivores in multiple plant species. Endogenous JA levels are rhythmic and under clock control with peak JA abundance during the day, a time when plants are more likely to experience certain types of biotic stresses. The expression of many JA biosynthesis, signaling, and response genes is transcriptionally controlled by the clock and timed through direct connections with core clock proteins. For example, the promoter of Arabidopsis transcription factor MYC2, a master regulator for JA signaling, is directly bound by the clock evening complex (EC) to negatively affect JA processes, including leaf senescence, at the end of the day. Also, tobacco ZEITLUPE, a circadian photoreceptor, binds directly to JAZ proteins and stimulates their degradation with resulting effects on JA root-based defenses. Collectively, a model where JA processes are embedded within the circadian network at multiple levels is emerging, and these connections to the circadian network suggest multiple avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Novel Crosstalks between Circadian Clock and Jasmonic Acid Pathway Finely Coordinate the Tradeoff among Plant Growth, Senescence and Defense

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Cunpei Bo ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Herbivory Resistance

Circadian clock not only functions as a cellular time-keeping mechanism, but also acts as a master regulator to coordinate the tradeoff between plant growth and defense in higher plants by timing a few kinds of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, including jasmonic acid (JA). Notably, circadian clock and JA pathway have recently been shown to intertwine with each other to ensure and optimize the plant fitness in an ever-changing environment. It has clearly demonstrated that there are multiple crosstalk pathways between circadian clock and JA at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this scenario, circadian clock temporally modulates JA-mediated plant development events, herbivory resistance and susceptibility to pathogen. By contrast, the JA signaling regulates clock activity in a feedback manner. In this review, we summarized the cross networks between circadian clock and JA pathway at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We proposed that the novel crosstalks between circadian clock and JA pathway not only benefit for the understanding the JA-associated circadian outputs including leaf senescence, biotic, and abiotic defenses, but also put timing as a new key factor to investigate JA pathway in the future.

The JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN family proteins are the important node in jasmonic acid-abscisic acid crosstalk in regulating plant response to drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Gupta ◽  
Mamta Bhardwaj ◽  
Lam-Son Phan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Domain Family ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Insight Into

: Plants modulate the metabolism of phytohormones and their signaling pathways under drought to regulate physiological and adaptive responses. Jasmonic acid (JA) is one of the major classes of phytohormones and has been found to potentially enhance plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses, including drought. The JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are the negative regulators in the JA-signaling pathway. The JAZ protein family is explicit to plants and involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes, including drought-responsive mechanisms. In this review, we synthesize the mechanistic insight into the roles of JAZ proteins in regulation of drought responses by connecting the JA-signaling with abscisic acid-signaling to modulate drought-responsive physiological processes.

scholarly journals Potential applications of biogenic selenium nanoparticles in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants: A comprehensive insight on the mechanistic approach and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 456-475
Author(s):  
Efat Zohra ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Ahmad A. Omar ◽  
Mujahid Hussain ◽  
Seema Hassan Satti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Potential Applications

Abstract In the present era, due to the increasing incidence of environmental stresses worldwide, the developmental growth and production of agriculture crops may be restrained. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have precedence over other nanoparticles because of the significant role of selenium in activating the defense system of plants. In addition to beneficial microorganisms, the use of biogenic SeNPs is known as an environmentally friendly and ecologically biocompatible approach to enhance crop production by alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses. This review provides the latest development in the green synthesis of SeNPs by using the results of plant secondary metabolites in the biogenesis of nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes with unique morphologies. Unfortunately, green synthesized SeNPs failed to achieve significant attention in the agriculture sector. However, research studies were performed to explore the application potential of plant-based SeNPs in alleviating drought, salinity, heavy metal, heat stresses, and bacterial and fungal diseases in plants. This review also explains the mechanistic actions that the biogenic SeNPs acquire to alleviate biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In this review article, the future research that needs to use plant-mediated SeNPs under the conditions of abiotic and biotic stresses are also highlighted.

scholarly journals OsJAZ11 regulates phosphate starvation responses in rice

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipin K. Pandey ◽  
Lokesh Verma ◽  
Ankita Prusty ◽  
Ajit Pal Singh ◽  
Malcolm J. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Ja Signaling

Abstract Main conclusion OsJAZ11 regulates phosphate homeostasis by suppressing jasmonic acid signaling and biosynthesis in rice roots. Abstract Jasmonic Acid (JA) is a key plant signaling molecule which negatively regulates growth processes including root elongation. JAZ (JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN) proteins function as transcriptional repressors of JA signaling. Therefore, targeting JA signaling by deploying JAZ repressors may enhance root length in crops. In this study, we overexpressed JAZ repressor OsJAZ11 in rice to alleviate the root growth inhibitory action of JA. OsJAZ11 is a low phosphate (Pi) responsive gene which is transcriptionally regulated by OsPHR2. We report that OsJAZ11 overexpression promoted primary and seminal root elongation which enhanced Pi foraging. Expression studies revealed that overexpression of OsJAZ11 also reduced Pi starvation response (PSR) under Pi limiting conditions. Moreover, OsJAZ11 overexpression also suppressed JA signaling and biosynthesis as compared to wild type (WT). We further demonstrated that the C-terminal region of OsJAZ11 was crucial for stimulating root elongation in overexpression lines. Rice transgenics overexpressing truncated OsJAZ11ΔC transgene (i.e., missing C-terminal region) exhibited reduced root length and Pi uptake. Interestingly, OsJAZ11 also regulates Pi homeostasis via physical interaction with a key Pi sensing protein, OsSPX1. Our study highlights the functional connections between JA and Pi signaling and reveals JAZ repressors as a promising candidate for improving low Pi tolerance of elite rice genotypes.

scholarly journals Cell-based screen identifies a new potent and highly selective CK2 inhibitor for modulation of circadian rhythms and cancer cell growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. eaau9060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Oshima ◽  
Yoshimi Niwa ◽  
Keiko Kuwata ◽  
Ashutosh Srivastava ◽  
Tomoko Hyoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clock Proteins ◽  
Target Deconvolution ◽  
Phenotypic Screen ◽  
Dependent Inhibition

Compounds targeting the circadian clock have been identified as potential treatments for clock-related diseases, including cancer. Our cell-based phenotypic screen revealed uncharacterized clock-modulating compounds. Through affinity-based target deconvolution, we identified GO289, which strongly lengthened circadian period, as a potent and selective inhibitor of CK2. Phosphoproteomics identified multiple phosphorylation sites inhibited by GO289 on clock proteins, including PER2 S693. Furthermore, GO289 exhibited cell type–dependent inhibition of cancer cell growth that correlated with cellular clock function. The x-ray crystal structure of the CK2α-GO289 complex revealed critical interactions between GO289 and CK2-specific residues and no direct interaction of GO289 with the hinge region that is highly conserved among kinases. The discovery of GO289 provides a direct link between the circadian clock and cancer regulation and reveals unique design principles underlying kinase selectivity.

scholarly journals How is the inner circadian clock controlled by interactive clock proteins?

FEBS Letters ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 589 (14) ◽  
pp. 1516-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Merbitz-Zahradnik ◽  
Eva Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Proteins

scholarly journals Revisiting the CompCars Dataset for Hierarchical Car Classification: New Annotations, Experiments, and Results

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Marco Buzzelli ◽  
Luca Segantin
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Excellent Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Hierarchical Nature ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Entire Dataset

We address the task of classifying car images at multiple levels of detail, ranging from the top-level car type, down to the specific car make, model, and year. We analyze existing datasets for car classification, and identify the CompCars as an excellent starting point for our task. We show that convolutional neural networks achieve an accuracy above 90% on the finest-level classification task. This high performance, however, is scarcely representative of real-world situations, as it is evaluated on a biased training/test split. In this work, we revisit the CompCars dataset by first defining a new training/test split, which better represents real-world scenarios by setting a more realistic baseline at 61% accuracy on the new test set. We also propagate the existing (but limited) type-level annotation to the entire dataset, and we finally provide a car-tight bounding box for each image, automatically defined through an ad hoc car detector. To evaluate this revisited dataset, we design and implement three different approaches to car classification, two of which exploit the hierarchical nature of car annotations. Our experiments show that higher-level classification in terms of car type positively impacts classification at a finer grain, now reaching 70% accuracy. The achieved performance constitutes a baseline benchmark for future research, and our enriched set of annotations is made available for public download.

ADH2 expression is repressed by REG1 independently of mutations that alter the phosphorylation of the yeast transcription factor ADR1

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4391-4399
Author(s):  
K M Dombek ◽  
S Camier ◽  
E T Young
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Partial Activation ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Kinase Phosphorylation ◽  
Protein Kinase Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Dependent Pathway

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expression of the ADH2 gene is undetectable during growth on glucose. The transcription factor ADR1 is required to fully activate expression when glucose becomes depleted. Partial activation during growth on glucose occurred in cells carrying a constitutive allele of ADR1 in which the phosphorylatable serine of a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site had been changed to alanine. When glucose was removed from the growth medium, a substantial increase in the level of this constitutive expression was observed for both the ADH2 gene and a reporter construct containing the ADR1 binding site. This suggests that glucose can block ADR1-mediated activation independently of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation at serine 230. REG1/HEX2/SRN1 was identified as a potential serine 230-independent repressor of ADH2 expression. Yeast strains carrying a deletion of the REG1 gene, reg1-1966, showed a large increase in ADR1-dependent expression of ADH2 during growth on glucose. A smaller increase in ADR1-independent expression was also observed. Additionally, an increase in the level of ADR1 expression and posttranslational modification of the ADR1 protein were observed. When the reg1-1966 allele was combined with various ADR1 constitutive alleles, the level of ADH2 expression was synergistically elevated. This indicates that REG1 can act independently of phosphorylation at serine 230. Our results suggest that glucose repression in the presence of ADR1 constitutive alleles occurs primarily through a REG1-dependent pathway which appears to affect ADH2 transcription at multiple levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document